2024版新教材高考英語全程一輪總復(fù)習(xí)課時作業(yè)15Unit3TheworldofScience外研版必修第三冊

課時作業(yè)(十五)必修第三冊Unit3TheworldofscienceⅠ.閱讀理解A[2023·遼寧省葫蘆島市二模]Everyonehasaphoneintheirpocketnowadays,buthowoftendowereallyusethemfortheiroriginalpurpose—tomakeacall?Telephonecultureisdisappearing.Whatbroughtustothismoment,andwhatareitseffects?“Noonepicksupthephoneanymore，”wroteAlexC．MadrigalonTheAtlantic.“Thereflex(習(xí)慣性動作)ofanswering—builtsodeeplyintopeoplewhogrewupin20th-centurytelephonicculture—isgone.”Theshiftisofcoursedueinlargeparttomorecommunicationoptions:Textingwithphotos,videos,emojis,reactionGifs,linksandevenvoicemessagescanbeamoreattractiveoption.Textingislightandfun,notnearlyasdemandingofyourattentionasaphonecall.Itcanalsobedonewithmultiplepeopleatthesametime.Socialmedia,emailandvideocallshavealsoeatenawayattraditionalphonecalls.Inrecentyears,anotherreasonhascausedpeopletoignorephonecallscompletely:robocalls.Robocallsareautomatedmessagesfromorganizationsverifying(核實)yourphonenumberortelemarketerstryingtosellsomething.Americansreceived22.8billionrobocallshalfwaythrough2020,equalinganannualrateof45.6billion,slightlybelow2018numbers,accordingtoYou-Mail,arobocallprotectionserviceandblockingapp.Astelephoneculturedisappears,whatisthelossofasingularfamilyphonedoingtothefamilyunit?Earlylandlinephonesunifiedfamilymembers,whereasmobilephonesisolate(使隔絕)them.“Thesharedfamilyphoneservedasananchor(給以安全感的物品)forhome，”saidLukeFernandez,aWeberStateUniversitycomputer-scienceprofessorandco-authorofBored,Lonely,Angry,Stupid:FeelingsAboutTechnology,FromtheTelegraphtoTwitter.Withsmartphones,“wehavegainedmobilityandprivacy.Butthevalueofthehomehasbeendiminished,__ashasitscapacitytoguideandmonitorfamilybehaviorandperhapsbindfamiliesmorecloselytogether，”Femandezsaid.Ofcourse,astechnologyprogresses,livesalwayschangeforbetterorforworse.Withthelossoftelephoneculture,familieswillneedtofindotherwaystounite.1．Whathascausedthetraditionaltelephonetoloseitsappealaccordingtothetext?A．People'saddictiontosocialmedia.B．People'spreferenceforrobocalls.C．People'sgrowingneedforprivacy.D.People'swiderangeofcommunicationchoices.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminished”inthelastbutoneparagraphprobablymean?A．Reduced.B．Strengthened.C．Instructed.D．Inherited.3．WhatdoesLukeFernandezpointout?A．Smartphonestiefamiliestogether.B.Theuseofmobilephoneshasaffectedfamilybonds.C．Smartphoneshelppeoplemonitorfamilybehavior.D．Thevalueofhomedependsonhowphonesareused.4．Whatdoesthearticlemainlytalkabout?A．Thepastandfutureoftelephones.B．Thedevelopmentofcommunicationtools.C.Thedownfalloftraditionaltelephoneculture.D．Therelationbetweenphoneuseandfamilybonds.B[2023·山東棗莊市第三次調(diào)研]Whenelderlypeoplestayactive,theirbrainshavemoreofaclassofproteinsthatenhancestheconnectionsbetweenneurons(神經(jīng)元)tomaintainhealthycognition(認(rèn)知),aUCSanFranciscostudyhasfound.“Ourworkisthefirstthatuseshumandatatoshowthatsynapseproteinregulation(突觸蛋白質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié))isrelatedtophysicalactivityandmaydrivethebeneficialcognitiveoutcomeswesee，”saidKaitlinCasaletto,PhD,anassistantprofessorofneurologyandleadauthoronthestudy.Thebeneficialeffectsofphysicalactivityoncognitionhavebeenshowninmicebuthavebeenmuchhardertodemonstrateinpeople.Theprojecttrackedthelate-lifephysicalactivityofelderlyparticipants,whoalsoagreedtodonatetheirbrainswhentheydied.Maintainingtheintegrityoftheseconnectionsbetweenneuronsmaybevitaltofightingagainstmentaldisorder,sincethesynapseisreallythesitewherecognitionhappens.Physicalactivity—areadilyavailabletool—mayhelpboostthissynapticfunctioning.Casalettofoundthatelderlypeoplewhoremainedactivehadhigherlevelsofproteinsthatfacilitatetheexchangeofinformationbetweenneurons.Thisresultagreedwiththeearlierfindingthatpeoplewhohadmoreoftheseproteinsintheirbrainswhentheydiedwerebetterabletomaintaintheircognitionlateinlife.“Itmaybethatphysicalactivitygeneratesaglobalsustainingeffect,supportingthehealthyfunctionofproteinsthatfacilitatesynaptictransmissionthroughoutthebrain，”Casalettosaid.Thebrainsofmostolderadultsstorepoisonousproteinsthatarethemarksofmentalillnesses,andtheproteinscancausesynapsesandneuronstofallapart.“Inolderadultswithhigherlevelsoftheproteinsassociatedwithsynapticintegrity,thiseffectthatleadstomentaldiseasesappearstobeweakened，”shesaid.“ThestudyshowsthepotentialimportanceofmaintainingsynaptichealthtosupportthebrainagainstmentaldiseaseslikeAlzheimer's.”5．Whathelpselderlypeoplekeepcognitiveabilityaccordingtothestudy?A．Proteinsproducedduringphysicalactivity.B．Bodytissueswithhealthychemicalsubstances.C.Acertainconnectionbetweenthebrainregions.D.Atypeofneuronformedwhilethey'rethinking.6．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Mentaldiseasesmayaffectsynaptichealth.B.LowlevelsofproteinshelptopreventAlzheimer's.C.Synapticintegritysafeguardsbrainsagainstmentalillnesses.D.Thebraincanautomaticallybreakdownthepoisonousproteins.7．What'sthepurposeofthetext?A．Topresentaresearchresult.B．Togivepracticaladvice.C．Totellaninterestingstory.D．Tosolveanacademicproblem.8．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．BreakthroughsHaveBeenMadeintheFieldofNeuronsB．CasalettoMakesAchievementsinStudyingHumanBrainsC．WaysAreCreatedtoEnsurethePhysicalHealthoftheOldD．ExerciseChangesBrainChemistrytoProtectAgingSynapses[答題區(qū)]題號12345678答案Ⅱ.完形填空[2023·廣東省東莞市高三模擬]LewisB．Smedesoncesaid,“Toforgiveistosetaprisonerfreeanddiscoverthattheprisonerwasyou.”ForyearsTomAnderson'slifewaswitheredup(枯萎)bythememoryofhis__1__inanadventurethat__2__thedeathofoneofhisclassmates.Heandhiswife__3__aftersixyearsofmarriage.ThenthenewsaboutTomchanged.HiswifeBettycameback;he__4__afineposition.Onedayhetoldmewhathadchangedhislife,“Iusedtothinknothingcould__5__whatIhaddone.Thethoughtofmy__6__wouldstopmeinthemiddleofasmile.Itputa__7__betweenmywifeandme.ThenIhadan__8__visitfromthepersonIdreaded(恐懼)mosttosee—themotherofthecollegeclassmatewhodied.‘Unlessyouforgive,youcannotlove.’Shesaid,‘Andwithoutlove,lifehasno__9__.’Shepaused,andthensaid__10__，‘Youaretheonepersonwhohasn'tforgivenTomAnderson.’Ifoundthereinhereyes__11__tobethepersonImighthavebeenifherboyhadlived.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIfelt__12__toloveandbeloved.”Forgivenessistrulythe__13__grace(慈悲),throughwhichwegainthefreedomtolearnfromexperience.Butforgivingourshortcomingsdoesn'tmean__14__thattheyexist.Onthecontrary,itmeansfacingthem__15__.1．A.reputation B．possessionC．part D．identity2．A.accountedfor B．figuredoutC．participatedin D．dependedon3．A.registered B．separatedC．withdrew D．transformed4．A.presented B．promotedC．earned D．guaranteed5．A.reveal B．confirmC．enhance D．undo6．A.drawback B．guiltC．survival D．a(chǎn)ccusation7．A.wall B．reminderC．reserve D．label8．A.impossible B．unexpectedC．undoubted D．unbearable9．A.concept B．standardC．principle D．meaning10．A.deliberately B．humblyC．sincerely D．morally11．A.occupation B．passionC．permission D．a(chǎn)ttempt12．A.worthy B．significantC．valuable D．innocent13．A.forgetting B．savingC．challenging D．demanding14．A.denying B．a(chǎn)ssumingC．clarifying D．opposing15．A.emotionally B．diligentlyC．temporarily D．realistically[答題區(qū)]1～5________6～10________11～15________課時作業(yè)(十五)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了電話文化正在消失，并分析了電話文化消失背后的原因以及影響。1．答案與解析：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theshiftisofcoursedueinlargeparttomorecommunicationoptions:Textingwithphotos,videos,emojis,reactiongifs,linksandevenvoicemessagescanbeamoreattractiveoption.”可知，正是因為人們有了更多的交流方式可供選擇，所以傳統(tǒng)的電話失去其對人們的吸引力，D項符合題意。2．答案與解析：A詞義猜測題。A.Reduced減輕；B.Strengthened加強；C.Instructed指導(dǎo)；D.Inherited繼承。畫線單詞所在句子的前一句“Withsmartphones,wehavegainedmobilityandprivacy.”講的是智能手機的優(yōu)點，隨后的連詞“but”說明畫線單詞所在句子與前一句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以畫線單詞所在句子講的是智能手機的缺點，缺點是減輕了家庭價值，A項符合題意。3．答案與解析：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第一句和該段的最后兩句可知，家庭價值能夠引導(dǎo)和監(jiān)控家庭行為，也許還能把家庭更緊密地聯(lián)系在一起，而手機的使用削弱了家的價值，從而削弱了家庭行為的引導(dǎo)和監(jiān)控家庭聯(lián)系的緊密程度。也就是說，手機的使用已經(jīng)影響了家庭關(guān)系。4．答案與解析：C主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ofcourse,astechnologyprogresses,livesalwayschangeforbetterorforworse.Withthelossoftelephoneculture,familieswillneedtofindotherwaystounite.”可知，前文講述人們有了更多的交流選擇，使得傳統(tǒng)電話失去了其對人們的吸引力。這種變化同樣使得人們需要去尋求其他方式來聯(lián)結(jié)家庭。所以，本文主要講述的是傳統(tǒng)電話文化的衰落。B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了加州大學(xué)舊金山分校的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)老年人保持活躍時，他們的大腦中有更多的蛋白質(zhì)，這些蛋白質(zhì)可以增強神經(jīng)元之間的連接，以保持健康的認(rèn)知。5．答案與解析：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，研究表明，運動過程中產(chǎn)生的蛋白質(zhì)有助于老年人保持認(rèn)知能力。6．答案與解析：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Inolderadultswithhigherlevelsoftheproteinsassociatedwithsynapticintegrity,thiseffectthatleadstomentaldiseasesappearstobeweakened(在與突觸完整性相關(guān)的蛋白質(zhì)水平較高的老年人中，這種導(dǎo)致精神疾病的影響似乎減弱了)”和“ThestudyshowsthepotentialimportanceofmaintainingsynaptichealthtosupportthebrainagainstmentaldiseaseslikeAlzheimer's.(這項研究顯示了保持突觸健康對支持大腦對抗阿爾茨海默氏癥等精神疾病的潛在重要性。)”可推知，突觸完整性保護(hù)大腦免受精神疾病的侵害。7．答案與解析：A推理判斷題。文章第一段加州大學(xué)舊金山分校的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)老年人保持活躍時，他們的大腦中有更多的蛋白質(zhì)，這些蛋白質(zhì)可以增強神經(jīng)元之間的連接，以保持健康的認(rèn)知。以下都是圍繞這個發(fā)現(xiàn)展開的。可推知，文章的寫作目的是為了呈現(xiàn)一個研究結(jié)果。8．答案與解析：D主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，文章主要講述了運動改變大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)來保護(hù)老化的突觸。Ⅱ.完形填空【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。主題是寬恕的力量。因為TomAnderson的緣故，導(dǎo)致一位同學(xué)過世，多年來他一直飽受折磨，這位同學(xué)的母親選擇寬恕他，并指出他也應(yīng)該寬恕自己，讓他過上了正常人的生活。1．答案與解析：C由下文的“inanadventurethat__2__thedeathofoneofhisclassmates”可知，湯姆·安德森參加的冒險導(dǎo)致了一位同學(xué)身亡，他的生活也因此事而黯然失色，partin(參與)。2．答案與解析：A由本處的“anadventurethat__2__thedeathofoneofhisclassmates”可知，這次冒險導(dǎo)致了一位同學(xué)身亡。A.accountedfor導(dǎo)致；B.figuredout弄清楚；C.participatedin參加；D.dependedon依靠。3．答案與解析：B由下文的“HiswifeBettycameback”可知，之后妻子回來了，說明妻子回來之前湯姆·安德森因同學(xué)身亡一事大受打擊，生活變得糟糕，和妻子分居了。4．答案與解析：C由上文的“ThenthenewsaboutTomchanged.HiswifeBettycameback”和下文的“afineposition”可知，湯姆·安德森因同學(xué)身亡一事大受打擊，生活變得糟糕，和妻