考研《英語一》2023年河北省秦皇島市山海關(guān)區(qū)考前沖刺試卷含解析

考研《英語一》2023年河北省秦皇島市山海關(guān)區(qū)考前沖刺試卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Sarahlivedonafarmwithherfamily.Shewas1tolearntotrack,toidentifyeachpersonandwheretheyweregoingbythemarkstheyleftontheground.Andifherfathercouldn’tteachher,she’dteachherself.Tothe2ofherfamily,sheborrowedalltheir3andtaughtherselftorecognizeeveryone’sfootprintsinthesand.Morethanonceherfathercameoutsideshouting,“Sarah,bringme4myboots.”Sarahdevelopedthehabitofwalkingaroundwithhereyesfixedontheground,5thecomingsandgoingsofevery6intheplace.Shealsodevelopedtheannoyinghabitof7everyone.Whatwereyoudoingdownatthedam,Jack?You’renot8toplaythere.”“Didyoufindwhatyouwere9inthegarage,Auntie?”and“Whowasthestrangervisitingtodaywearingsizetenboots,Mum?”Aftershe’d10everypairofshoesthateveryone11,sheturnedtothefarm’sanimals.Bythistime12hervictimshadtoadmit,13,thatshewasgood.Herbest14cameoneeveningwhenshesaidthehorse’sfrontfootwas15.Herfathersaidthatthehorsewas16fine.Sarah17thatitshoof(蹄）hadasplit.Sarah’sfather18thehorse’shoof.“You’re19.Thehoofissplit.Howdidyouknow?”“Youcanseeitinits20.’’Sarahmovedthehorseaway.“Look,it’splaininthesand.’’“Ifyoucantellithasasplithooffromthatsand,you’reprettygood,”saidherfather.1、A．determinedB．forcedC．a(chǎn)ppointedD．encouraged2、A．expectationB．a(chǎn)nnoyanceC．disappointmentD．delight3、A．shoesB．booksC．socksD．tools4、A．upB．outsideC．overD．back5、A．guidingB．hearingC．studyingD．predicting6、A．vehicleB．personC．a(chǎn)nimalD．season7、A．surprisingB．criticisingC．questioningD．challenging8、A．preparedB．invitedC．qualifiedD．a(chǎn)llowed9、A．callingforB．lookingforC．waitingforD．fightingfor10、A．wornB．collectedC．destroyedD．memorised11、A．ownedB．borrowedC．triedD．bought12、A．yetB．evenC．a(chǎn)lsoD．still13、A．guiltilyB．a(chǎn)pprovinglyC．merrilyD．unwillingly14、A．performanceB．trickC．magicD．idea15、A．tiedB．lostC．injuredD．stolen16、A．safelyB．extremelyC．hardlyD．perfectly17、A．doubtedB．wonderedC．insistedD．discovered18、A．inspectedB．splitC．treatedD．fastened19、A．lyingB．jokingC．rightD．crazy20、A．bootsB．tracksC．jumpsD．hoofsSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Imagineacatthatdoesnotneedsomeonetocleanupafteritkeepsanolderpersoncompanyandhelpsthemremembertotaketheirmedicine.ThatistheshareddreamofthetoymakerHasbroandscientistsatBrownUniversityinProvidence,RhodeIsland.Theresearchersreceiveda$3-million-dollarawardfromtheNationalScienceFoundationforaspecialproject.Theywanttofindwaystoaddartificialintelligence,orA．I.,toHasbro’s“JoyforAll”robotic.Thecathasalreadybeenforsalefortwoyears.Thoughpricedover1000dollars,itsoldquitewell.Itwasmeanttoactasa“companion”forolderpeople.Nowtheprojectisaimedatdevelopingadditionalabilitiesforthecat.ResearchersatBrown’sHumanity-CenteredRoboticsInitiativeareworkingtodecidewhichactivitiesolderadultsmayneedthemost.Theyhopetomakethecatperformasmallnumberofactivitiesverywell.Suchactivitiesincludefindinglostobjectsandremindingthepersontotakemedicineorvisittheirdoctor.Theyalsowanttokeepthecostdowntojustafewhundreddollars.ItisanideathathasappealedtoJeanneElliott.Her3-year-oldmotherMaryDerrliveswithherinSouthKingstown.Derrhasdementia(癡呆).TheJoyforAllcatthatElliottboughtthisyearhasbecomeatruecompanionforDerr.ThecatstayswithDerrandkeepshercalmwhileElliottisatwork.Elliottsaidaroboticcatthathelpshermothertoremembertotakehermedicineandbecarefulwhenshewalkswouldbegreater.Theresearchersaretryingtolearnhowtheimprovedcatswillcompletehelpfulactivitiesandhowtheywillcommunicate.Theysaythattheydonotwantatalkingcat,however.Insteadtheyaretryingtodesignacatthatcanmoveitsheadinaspecialwaytosuccessfullycommunicateitsmessage.Intheend,theyhopetocreateanexchangebetweenthehumanandthecatinwhichthehumanfeelsthecatneedsthem.Bydoingso,theresearchershopetheycanevenhelppreventfeelingsoflonelinessandsadnessamongelderlypeople.1、What’sthepurposeoftheproject?A．Torelievethepainoftheelderly.B．Topromotethesalesofamedicine.C．Toinventaroboticcatfortheelderly.D．Tohelpmaketheroboticcatsmarter.2、Comparedwiththeoldmodel,thenewroboticcatwillbe.A．smallerB．cheaperC．moretalkativeD．moreexpensive3、WhatdoesParagraph3intendtotellus?A．Thecatgivesmuchhelptotheelderly.B．Themorefunctionsofthecat,thebetter.C．Thereisnocurefordementiaatpresent.D．MaryDerrwouldhavediedwithoutthecat.4、Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Atalkingcatisquitepopularamongtheelderly.B．Feelingsofsadnessamongtheelderlyareunavoidable.C．Eachfamilycanaffordsuchacatinthefuture.D．Thefeelingofbeingneededisvitaltotheelderly.Text2Sharpshootersrefertothosewhoareskilledatfiringagunandaccuratelyhittingwhattheyareaimingat.However,somefisharealsocalledamazingsharpshooters.Peoplewonderhowtheyhittheirtargetswithoutusingtools?Byspitting!Thefishshootsoaccuratelythattheyrarelymisstheirtarget.Theseamazingfisharearcherfish(印度射水魚).ThereareseveraldifferenttypesofarcherfishlivinginSoutheastAsia.Theyspitattheirdinnertocatchit.Tocatchdinner,afishfirstsetsitselfinacertainplace,forexamplejustbelowthesurfaceofthewater.Itputsthetipofitsmouthsoitbarelybreaksthroughthewater.Then,thefishwaitsforanunsuspectinginsecttolandonaleaforbranchhangingoverthewater.Whenanunsuspecting,orunknowinginsectlands,thefishattacks.Thefishsqueezesitsgill(腮)coversveryrapidly,whichforceswaterintothefish'smouth.Intheroofofitsmouththefishhasagroove(槽）?Thefishformsthesmallgrooveanditstongueintoanarrowtubebypressingitstongueupagainstitsgroove.Thewaterforcedintothefish'smouthisforcefullypushedoutofthefish'smoulhthroughthetube.Archerfishhavebeenknowntosendastreamupto5meters(16feet).However,archerfishcanonlyshootinsectsupto1-2meters(3-6feet)awayduetotheirlimitedaccuracy.Whentheunsuspectinginsectishitwithasuddenstreamofwater,itisknockedintoorfallsintothewater.Onceinthewater,theinsectbecomesdinner.Archerfishlearnhowtospitwhentheyareyoung.Theygetmoreaccuratewithpractice.Adultarcherfishrarelymiss.Withinameter,archerfishwilloftenspringoutofthewaterandgrabaninsectintheirmouths.1、Paragraph1flinctionsasa(n).A．background. B．comment.C．explanation. D．introduction.2、Whichofthefollowingistherightstepsofarcherfish’shuntingforaninsect?a.Ithasitstonguepressedagainsttheroofofitsmouth.b.Itgatherswaterintoitsmouthbysqueezingitsgillcoversquickly.c.Itshootsastreamofwaterattheinsectabovewater.d.Itstaysunderwaterforaninsecttolandnearby.A．a(chǎn)dcb B．dbacC．dbca D．a(chǎn)dbc3、Ifaninsectis3feetaway,anarcherfishwilloftentocatchit.A．jumpoutofthewater B．spitakindofoilyliquidC．shootastreamofwateratit D．pushitstongueoutofitsmouth4、Archerfishcan’thitinsects5metersawayforthereasonthat.A．theireyesightislimitedB．theycan’thitfarawayinsectspreciselyC．theirmouthsareunderthesurfaceofwaterD．thelongestdistancetheycanhitisatmost5metersText3TheextraordinarypricepaidforthelastLeonardodaVinci’spaintinginprivatehandshasresultedinafeveredguessatthebuyer—butsofarthenewowner’sidentityisinscrutable.Christie’s,theauction(拍賣)housethatsold“SalvatorMundi”inNewYorkonWednesday,hasremainedsilentaboutwhopaid$450mforthe500-year-oldwork—apricethatsetaworldauctionrecord.Withthepoolofpossiblebuyerslimitedtobillionairesandaveryfewinstitutions,someintheartworldaretryingtonarrowitdowntoaregionornationality.ThomasSeydoux,anartadviserandformerheadofImpressionistandModemArtatChristie’s,suspectsthatthebidderis“newmoney”,becausethebiddingwentupin“wildincreases”-atonestagejumpingfrom$370mto$400m.HeguessedthatthebuyermightbeabillionairefromAsia,basedoncurrenttrendsintheworldoffineartauctions.OthershavesuggestedaGulfroyalorbillionaire—perhapsfromQatar,whichhaslavishly(大量地)collectedart,orAbuDhabi,whichhasjustopenedabranchoftheLouvremuseum.TheAbuDhabibranchhasaLeonardo’spainting,“Labelleferronniere”,onloanfromtheLouvreinParisbutlacksitsown.“SalvatorMundi”hasatroubledhistory.Itwassoldfor￡45atSotheby’sinLondonin1958,whenitwasthoughtto6acopy,butby2011ithadbeenacceptedasaworkentirelybyLeonardo,whenitwasincludedinanexhibitionattheNationalGalleryinLondon.Itwasthenreportedlyboughtfor$75m-$80mbyartadviserYvesBouvier,whosoldittoRussiancollectorDmitryRybolovlevfor$127.5m.MrRybolovlevsaid,“ThankstotheprofessionalismandexpertiseofChristie’s,therecord-breakingsaleofDaVinci’s‘SalvatorMundi’hashelpedbringbacksomeofthevalueofthecollection.”1、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inscrutable”mean?A．a(chǎn)vailableB．unknownC．uncontroversialD．determined2、WhatmightThomasSeydoux’sAsian“newmoney”bebasedon?A．ThenumberofwealthypeopleinAsia.B．Thetrendofwealthypeoplecollectingart.C．Thereasonablewaythebuyerbidforthepainting.D．Theaggressivewaythebidderdroveuptheprice.3、WhatdidRybolovlev’swordssuggest?A．Thesaleofthepaintingreflecteditsvalue.B．Heregrettedhavingpossessedthepainting.C．Thehighbidforthepaintingwasridiculous.D．Christie’staughtushowtoappreciatethepainting.4、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．TroubledHistoryof“SalvatorMundi”B．HuntforNewMasterofRecord-breakingDaVinciC．TheMostExpensivePaintingEverSoldD．“SalvatorMundi”Painting’sBuyertoBeToldText4Five-year-oldPrisillaPerez,astudentatMeadorElementarySchoolinWillis,wasunhappywithherrecenthaircut,whichresultedfromaseveredisease.WhenstudentsinherclassstartedcallingPrisillaaboy,shefeltashamed,oftencryingandlosingfocusinschool.Herteacher,ShannonGrimm,sympathizedwithherunhappiness.GrimmandPrisilla’smomwereconcerned,buttheirideasdidn’twork.“Wehadclassroomdiscussionsabouthowgirlshaveshorthairandboyshavelonghair,andIshowedthemphotosofmoviestarswithdifferentlooks,”Grimmsaid.“However,itwasn’tsinkingin.”GrimmthoughtaboutPrisillathroughoutwinterbreak,andonemorning,shehadanidea:Cutoffherhair---ascarythoughtforGrimm,whoworeherhairlongandtookprideinit.“I’veneverhadshorthair,andIstressedaboutitfortwoweeksbeforemakingadecision,”shesaid.OnJan.4,Grimminvitedahairstylistfriendtoherhome.“Itoldhimtokeepgoing,evenifIcried,”shesaid.Theclasslovedtheirteacher’snewdo,especiallyPrisilla,whoexcitedlyranofftheschoolbusthatafternoonyelling,“Mom,Ms.Grimmcutherhair!”Theteacheralsoboughtmatchingbowsforherselfandthegirl,sotheycouldstyletheirhairtogether.InFebruary,theteacherrecommendedPrisillafortheschooldistrict’sStudentoftheMonthAward,butduringtheMondayceremony,shereceivedasurprise“heromedal”fromthegirl.“Nowwehavematchingawards,”saysGrimm.Prisilla’smother,Maria,saidthatGrimm’sthoughtfulnessbroughthertotears.“Iwasshocked.Iwascrying.Icouldn’tbelieveit---shedidsomethingIwouldn’thavethebraverytodo.Iwillneverforgetthat.”1、WhywasPrisillaunhappyatschool?A．Shewasn’tsatisfiedwithherteacher.B．Shecouldn’tconcentrateinclass.C．Shewaslaughedatbyherclassmates.D．Shecouldn’tgetonwellwithothers.2、WhatmadeGrimmhaveherownhaircut?A．Praisefromherstudents. B．Devotiontoherstudents.C．RequestofPrisilla’smother. D．Suggestionfromthehairstylist.3、WhatcanweknowaboutGrimm?A．ShehadherhaircuttogetherwithPrisilla.B．Sheexpressedhersincerethankstoherpupils.C．Shehesitatedalotbeforehavingherhaircut.D．Shewonagoldmedalforfacingdifficultiesbravely.4、Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．HowGrimmhelpedherstudentout. B．WhatproblemPrisillahadatschool.C．WhyPrisillawontheMonthAward. D．WhenGrimmgothernewhairstyle.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ChinasuccessfullyexplodeditsfirstatomicbombonOct16，1964，1．(shock)therestoftheworldItwasfollowedbythesuccessful2．(explode)ofahydrogen(氫)bombin3．Later，asatellitewitharecordingofthetuneofDongFangHongdeclaredtotheworldthatChina4．(master)satellitetechnologyItwasthebombsandthesatellite5．enabledChinatotaketheleadinglobalscientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentandimprovethestrengthofthecountry'snationaldefense，commentedXinhuaNewsAgencyManypeoplemade6．(contribute)totheseworld-shakingeventsYuMin，afamousnuclearphysicistwhopassed7．inJanuaryattheageof93，wasoneofthemYuwasoneoftheleadingscientistswho8．(be)abletoovercomedifficultiesinthedesignofthehydrogenbombKnownasthe"thefatherofChina'shydrogenbomb"，hewaspresented9．theStatePreeminentScienceandTechnologyAwardbyPresidentXiJinpingin10．Itisthenation'shighestscientifichonor11．，Yusaidtheachievementbelongedtothewholeteam“Aman'snamewilldisappearintime，but12．willsatisfyhimisthathecancontributeslightlytothenation'sprosperity(繁榮)”Yusaid，accordingtoChinaDaily語法填空。IntheUnitedStates,therewere222people1．_________（report）tobebillionaires（億萬富翁）in2．The3．__________（rich）oftheseisBillGates,worthatleast$41billion,whomadehismoney4．__________startingthecompanyMicrosoftMrGateswasonly21yearsold5．_______hefirsthelped6．________（setup）thecompanyin7．Hewasabillionairebythen8．_________,therearestillsomeotherpeoplewhohavemadelotsofmoneyateven9．________（young）agesOtheryoungpeoplewhohave10．________（strike）itrichincludeJackieCoganandShirleyTempleBothofthesechildactorsmadeoveramilliondollars11．________（act）inmoviesbeforetheywere12．ButtheyoungestbillionaireisAlbertvonThurnundTaxisofGermany,who,in2001,inherited（繼承）abilliondollarswhenhe13．_________（turn）18!SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Howdoparentsteachchildrenaboutmoney？Howdoyouteachthemtogetrich？Likely，youdonothaveananswerbecauseyouwouldnotcallyourselfrich.1、Hereiswhatself-mademillionairestelltheirkidsaboutwealth.Youdeservetohavewealth.Thisstatementcouldbereadasarrogant（傲慢的），wheninfactitcomesfromaplaceofhumbleness.Self-mademillionairesteachtheirchildrenthattheydeservetoberichnotbecausetheywerebornintotherightfamilybutbecausetheyworkhardtosolveotherpeople'sproblems.2、3、Havingmoneygetsridoftonsoftheissueswhichpeoplefindthemselvesinwhentheydonothaveit.Nothappywithyourcurrentlivingsituation？Youcanpackupandleave.Doyouhateyourjob？Whynotstartyourownbusiness.Upsetaboutaglobaldisaster？Donatewhatyoucantothecause.Moneyallowsyoutoenjoylifeonyourownterms.Nothingisguaranteed.4、Theymustcreatetheirownlivesandfutures.It'simportanttoteachkidsaboutself-reliance.Legally，kidshavetherighttohavemoreandmorethings，butit'simportanttoteachagainstthesevalues.Solveproblemstoearnyourwealth.Inafreemarketeconomy，everyoneislookingforawaytomakemoney.Ifyoucomeupwithanideatosolvetheworld'sproblem，therewillbeademandforit.Thebiggertheproblemthemoredifficultyyoumighthavegettingitofftheground.5、Pairingyourskillswithproblemsolvingcouldbethewaytowardswealth.A．Abiglessonself-mademillionairesteachtheirkidsisthattheworldowesthemnothing.B．Havingwealthallowsyoutodosomethingforotherstoearnyourplace.C．Whendoyoustartteachingyourchildrenaboutmoney？D．Howdotherichapproachthisquestion？E.Butitcouldalsomakeyouveryrich.F.Eventheblindcanseemoney.G.Wealthleadstofreedom.Shouldschoolchildrenhavejobs?Nowatschool,thelastthingyouprobablywanttodoisspendyourweekendsgoingtowork.Thereishomeworktodoandsporttoplay.1、WhenIwasateenagerIhadaSaturdayjobinasupermarket:stacking(擺放)shelvesandworkingatthecheckout.TodayintheUKyouareallowedtoworkfromtheageof13,andmanychildrendotakeuppart-timejobs.2、Teenagersagreethatitteachesvaluablelessonsaboutworkingwithadultsandalsoaboutmanagingyourmoney.So,that’snobadthing!Someresearchhass