2021年西南名校聯(lián)盟“3+3+3”高考英語診斷性試卷（一）（附答案詳解）

2021年西南名校聯(lián)盟“3+3+3”高考英語診斷性試卷（一）

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）

A

4WorldHeritageSitesinChinaTheTempleofHeavenLocatedinthesouthernpartof

Beijing,theTempleofHeavenisamagnificentcomplexoffineculturalbuildingssetingardens.

ThesacredplaceservedasacomplexofsacrificialbuildingsfortheMingandQingemperors,

andisthelargestoneinBeijingamongseveralroyalaltarstoHeaven,Earth,theSun,theMoon

andothersymbolicforcesofnature.Itsymbolizestherelationshipbetweenearthandheaven-

thehumanworldandGod'sworld-whichstandsattheheartofChinesecosmogony（宇宙進

化論）.

MogaoCaves

Locatedonsouth-eastoftheDunhuangoasis,Gansuprovince,theMogaocaves,alsoknownas

theThousand-BuddhaCaves,aretheworld'slargestandlongestusedtreasurehouseof

Buddhistart.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,thecarvingofthecavesstartedin366ADand

continuedforabout1,000years.The492well-preservedcellsandcavesanctuariesin

Mogao,housingabout45,000squaremetersofmurals（壁畫）andmorethan2,000painted

sculptures,arewell-knownfortheirstatuesandwallpaintings.

Fujiantulou

Fujiantulouconsistsof46buildingsconstructedbetweenthe15thand20thcenturies.Several

storieshigh,theearthenhouseswerebuiltalonganinward-looking,circularorsquarefloorplan

ashousingforupto800peopleeach.Theywerebuiltfordefensepurposesaroundacentral

opencourtyardwithonlyoneentranceandwindowstotheoutsideonlyabovethefirstfloor.

Housingawholeclan（家族）,thehousesfunctionedasvillageunitsandwereknownasua

littlekingdom"forthefamily.

TheLeshanGiantBuddha

TheLeshanGiantBuddhaissaidtobethebiggestBuddhastatueintheworld.Thewayin

whichtheculturalfeatureshavebeenintegratedwiththenaturalsceneryisconsideredtobea

preciouslegacy.TheGiantBuddhastatue,carvedonthemountain,stands71mhigh,withits

backagainstMountJiuding.Therearemorethan90stonecarvingsandBuddhistshrineson

bothsidesoftheGiantBuddha.

1.Whichofthefollowingservedasasacrificialplaceinthepast?

A.Fujiantulou.B.MogaoCaves.

C.TheTempleofHeaven.D.TheLeshanGiantBuddha.

2.WhatfeatureofFujiantuloureflectsitsdefensivefunction?

A.Theyareseveralstorieshigh.

B.Theycanholdhundredsofpeople.

C.Theyhavewindowsonthefirstfloor.

D.Theyhaveonlyoneaccesstotheoutside.

3.WhatdoMogaoCavesandTheLeshanGiantBuddhahaveincommon?

A.Theywerebothroyalplaces.

B.Theywerebothfoundincaves.

C.Theyarebothreligiousresorts.

D.Theybothhavehistoricmurals.

B

Lastfall,IwenttoNewYorkfbrsightseeing.Ivisitedmanytouristattractionsthere,andIalso

sawmanyunfortunatecitizensonthestreet,likebeggarsandhomelessfolks.

StandingoutsidetheMetropolitanMuseumofArt,Iheardavoiceask,"Canyoudomeafavor?

"WhenIturnedaround,!sawanelderlyblindwomanwithherhandextendedout.Naturally,1

reachedintomypocketfbrsomechangeimmediatelyandplaceditinherhandwithouteven

lookingather.Iwasreallyannoyedatbeingbotheredbyabeggar.WhatIonlythoughtatthat

momentwastosendheraway.

Buttheblindwomansaidwithawarmsmileonherface,1'Idon'twantyourmoney.Ijustneed

youtoshowmethewaytothesubwayentrance."

Inaninstant,IrealizedwhatIhaddonejustnow.Herunexpectedwordstookmebysuiprise

andshame.Ihadactedwithprejudice—fdjudgedanotherpersonsimplyforwhatIassumed

shehadtobe.1feltashamedofmyselfandcouldn'tfacetheoldwomananymore.AndIfelt

smallbesideher.

TheincidentremindedmethatIbelievedinbeinghumble,eventhoughIhadlostthatbelieffor

amoment.ThethingIhadforgottenaboutmyselfisthatIamanimmigrant.IleftHondurasand

arrivedintheU.S.attheageof15.Throughtheyears,Ihaveexperiencedmanyactsof

prejudice.Irememberatimeattheageof17whenIwasabusboy,!heardafathertellhislittle

boythatifhedidnotdowellinschool,hewouldenduplikeme.Butnow,livingmyAmerican

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middle-classlifestyle,itistooeasytoforgetwhoIamandwhereIhavebeen,andtolosesight

ofwhereIwanttogo.Itistheblindwomanwhocuredmeofmyblindness.

4.Whatdidtheauthorthinktheblindwomanwantedatfirstsight?

A.Toaskfordirections.B.Toofferhimsomehelp.

C.Todemandsomedonations.D.Toborrowmoneyfromhim.

5.Whydidtheauthorfeelashamed?

A.Hehadaprejudiceonthewoman.

B.Hecouldn*tfacethewoman.

C.Hewasjudgedbyhisappearance.

D.Hewasanimmigranthimself.

6.Whydidtheauthormentionhisexperienceasabusboy?

A.Toindicateheledamiserablelife.

B.Totellhedidn'tworkhardatschool.

C.Toproveheusedtobeahumbleman.

D.Toshowheusedtobeunfairlyjudged.

7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.BeConsiderate-AlwaysMindingYourWords

B.BeHumble-AlwaysDroppingYourPrejudice

C.BeGenerous-AlwaysHelpingThoseinNeed

D.BeAggressive-AlwaysHavingaBigDream

c

Atestthatmeasuresbloodflowchangesinthebrainshowspeoplewithhighbloodpressureare

morelikelytoexperiencepoorercommunicationbetweenbrainregionsthanthosewithnormal

bloodpressure,accordingtoasmallstudypublishedintheAmericanHeartAssociationjournal

Hypertension.

"ThisstudymayhelptoexplainwhyhypertensionisamajorriskfactorforAlzheimer's

disease,"saidthestudy'sleadauthor,LorenzoCarnevale.

Researcherscomparedimagesofthebrainsof19peoplewithhighbloodpressureand18

peoplewithbloodpressureinthenormalrange.Theimageswereresting-statefunctional

MRIs,whichmeasuresmallchangesinbloodflowatrest.Researchersalsogaveparticipants

cognitivetests.Comparedtopeoplewithnormalbloodpressure,thosewithhypertension

perfonnedslowerandpooreronthecognitivetests,andtheirbrainimagesshowedapatternof

abnormalconnections.

Dr.KristineYaffe,aprofessorofpsychiatryandneurologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,noted

thebrainchangesappearedpriortoanystructuralchangesinthebrainassociatedwithpoorer

cognitiveskills.

"Itcouldbethatthechangesarethere,andwejustdon'tseethemyet,"Yaffesaid."Ormaybe

thefunctionalconnectionsarealteredearlierintheprocess.Thereallyamazingthingtomeis

thattheyareseeingthesechangesatsuchayoungage."Theaverageageofparticipantswith

highbloodpressurewas55.

Yaffe,however,pointedoutalargerstudyoveralongerperiodoftimeisneededtofleuhout

thesefindings."Weneedtoseeifcognitivefunctiongetsworse,whoismostlikelyto

experiencethisandwhatitmeansintermsofwhenbrainchangesappear.Wecan'tanswer

thosequestionswithsuchasmallstudy.'1

"Thestudyshouldnotbeinterpretedtomeaneveryonewithhighbloodpressureisontheroad

toAlzheimer'sdisease,'*sheadded."Thebrainisreallycomplicated.Therearesomesubtle

changesinconnectionsshownhere,butthatdoesn'tmeanthebrainisn'tworking.Theremaybe

otherwaysthebrainiscompensating（彌補）forthis.11

8.Whatwillpeoplewithhypertensionsuffer?

A.Lesscommunication.B.Adeclineinmemory.

C.Inactivebrainactivities.D.Poorconnectionsinbrains.

9.WhatisDr.KristineYaffe'sattitudetowardsthestudy?

A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Disapproving.D.Indifferent.

10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"fleshout"meaninParagraph6?

A.Enrich.B.Deny.C.Describe.D.Challenge.

11.Whatcanweinferabouthighbloodpressure?

A.Brainsmaymakeupforitseffects.

B.Itmakesbrainsmorecomplicated.

C.ItmustleadtoAlzheimefsdisease.

D.Itseffectsonbrainsarestillunknown.

D

Markettradersandstreetvendors（攤販）aremakingacomebackacrossChina,andthistime

theyfindthemselvesequippedwithanewsetofdigitalskillsessentialtonavigatingthevast

consumermarket.Torevitalize（復興）retailstands,inamoveaimedatstimulatingdomestic

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spendingandstabilizingemployment,thecountry'sleadinge-commerceplatformsarelending

ahelpinghand,offeringserviceslikeaccessiblefinancingbackedbytechnologies.

DomesticwholesalesiteI688.comisamongthefirstgroupoftechplayerswithsuchofferings.

Attheheartoftheactionplanisanefforttolinkstreetvendorsdirectlywith

factories,effectivelyavoidingmiddlemenandsavingtimeandcosts.

AccordingtogeneralmanagerWangHai,numeroussmall-scalemerchantsonthesitehave

managedtogaintheupperhandinpricenegotiations,whilemanufacturersaremorewillingto

mass-produceastheeconomyofscaleservestoreducecosts,thuscreatingawin-winsituation.

"Dataanalyticsalsokicksin,givingtraderssomeinsightintocurrentconsumertrendssothat

theynolongerneedtooperatetheirbusinesspurelybasedonintuition（直覺）,andtheycan

avoidstockpiling,"Wangsaid.Forinstance,themostsought-aftercategoriesinmarketsare

dailynecessities,underwear,digitalgadgetsandbeautyproducts,accordingtothecompany,

whereasthemostpassionatebuyerscomefromGuangdong,ZhejiangandJiangsuprovinces.

Meanwhile,tostabilizeemployment,e-commercemajorJD.comvowedtoaddanumberofjob

positionsthateitherrequireflexibleworkinghours,allowworkingfromhomeoraredesigned

topromotestartupbusinesses.Forpostsrelatedtodelivery,warehousemanagementand

packaging,priorityisgiventopeoplefrompoverty-strickenareas.

"TheCOVID-19outbreakwillacceleratethedigitaltransformationoftherealeconomy,and

individualtradersandsmallerstoresarenoexception,'1saidXuLei,CEOofJD'sretailunit.

"Wehavethecapabilityand,moreimportantly,theresponsibilitytoinjectvitality（活力）into

theseentities,thuscontributingtotheeconomicrebound（回彈）andstabilizingemployment.

12.Whatcanwelearnaboute-commerceplatformslike1688.com?

A.Theyhaveanadvantageinpricenegotiation.

B.Theireffortshelpstreetvendorscutthecost.

C.Theyincreaseproductionthroughtechnology.

D.Theirservicesarefinancedbythegovernment.

13.Howdoesdataanalyticsbenefittraders?

A.Byimprovingtraders*businessintuition.

B.Byhelpingtradersfindoutmarkettrends.

C.Bytellingtraderswhentostockpilegoods.

D.Byaidingtradersincontrollingthemarket.

14.WhoismorelikelytogetadeliveryjobfromJD?

A.Apersonexperiencedindrivingatruck.

B.Apersonwillingtostartanewbusiness.

C.Apersonfromanunderdevelopedvillage.

D.Apersonpreferringflexibleworkinghours.

15.Whichcolumnofanewspaperisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?

A.Culture.B.World.C.Lifestyle.D.Business.

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共10.0分)

Tablemannersaretheultimatewaytoshowrespectorsomeaccidentaldisrespecttoyourhost.

(1).

InFrance,youaresupposedtousetwohandstoeat-eitherforkandknifeorforkandbread.

Breadisn'tmeanttobeanappetizer.(2).Whenyoueatthebread,tearoffapieceof

ittoeatinsteadofbitingdirectlyintothebread.Whennotinuse,thebreadbelongsonthetable

ortableclothinsteadoftheplate.

Finishingeverythingonyourplateisano-noinmanyAsiancountries.(3).Leaving

asmallamountonyourplatesymbolizesthatyou'vehadyourfillandacknowledgesyourhost's

generosity.

(4).So,tipping,intheirculture,isrude.Eveniftheydon'tassumeyou'rebeing

rude,theycanalsobeveryconfusedbytheextramoney,thinkingyouhaveoverpaid.Whether

it'sataxidriver,aserver,orabellhop,don'ttipthem.It'snotgoodmanners.

AmongthelocalpeopleofChinaandtheInuitpeopleofCanada,alightburp(打嗝)attheend

ofamealisconsideredacompliment,asitindicatesthatyou'veeatenwell.(5),

orneverleavethemuprightinabowlofrice.Forthisishowfoodisofferedtothespiritofa

deadperson.

A.Furthermore,don'tlickyourchopsticks

B.Insteaditservestoassistthefoodtothefork

C.Itsuggeststhatyourhostsdidn'tfeedyouenough

D.ManypeopleinJapanbelievethatgoodserviceisstandard

E.InBrazil,breadandpizzaarenormallyeatenwithaforkandknife,too

F.Herearesomeoftheveryspecificdiningdo'sanddon*tsfromaroundtheworld

G.Youmayalsodrinkdirectlyfromthesoupbowl-spoons,however,areuncommon

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16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共20小題，共30.0分)

Lifefrombirthtodeathisanunbrokenchainofever-increasing,unavoidablestruggles.

Strugglesareakindof(1)withwhichNatureforceshumanitytodevelop,expandand

progress.Theeducationwe(2)fromthestruggleswefaceisgraduallyincreasing.We

getitalittleatatimefromevery(3)weencounter.

Facestrugglesandmasterthem.(4)youwillhavethestrengthandwisdomforallyour

needs.

Thestrongesttreesintheforestaren'tthosemost(5).Theyarethosethatmuststruggle

againstthe(6)conditionsandothertreesandovercomethemtosurvive.

Mygrandfatherwasawagon(四輪馬車)maker.In(7)hislandforcrops,healways

leftafewoaktreesstandingintheopenfieldswheretheywere(8)tothefullforceof

thesunandstrongwinds.ThetreesthatstruggledagainstNaturewerefarstrongerand(9)

thantheprotectedonesdeepintheforest.Itwastimber(木材)fromthetreeswhich

hadstruggled(10)heusedforthewagonwheels,(11)fearthattheywould

break,becausetheyhadstruggledandgrownstrongenoughto(12)theheaviestloads.

Strugglesforceustomovewhenwewouldotherwisestand(13).Andtheyleadus

eventuallytothefullrealizationthat(14)comesonlythroughstruggles.(15)

worthwhileinlifeiseverachievedwithoutastruggle.

Onceweunderstandthebroadpurposeoflife,weare(16)toacceptthecircumstances

thatforceustostruggle.(17),weacceptstrugglesforwhattheyare-(18),

andit'ssorewardingwhenyougetinspirationsfromstrugglestoliveyourlifetothe(19)

andachancetoenjoythelifewhichyouaremakingsomany(20)toget.

21.A.ruleB.toolC.barrierD.behavior

22.A.offerB.updateC.receiveD.discover

23.A.inconvenienceB.experienceC.questionD.examination

24.A.ThenB.StillC.YetD.Even

25.A.preventedB.endangeredC.affectedD.protected

26.A.unreasonableB.unfavorableC.unfamiliarD.beneficial

27.A.plantingB.turningC.ruiningD.clearing

28.A.exposedB.connectedC.accustomedD.addicted

29.A.tougherB.weakerC.drierD.prettier

30.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when

31.A.forB.despiteC.withoutD.through

32.A.bearB.increaseC.removeD.lessen

33.A.outsideB.straightC.apartD.still

34.A.reputationB.successC.courageD.independence

35.A.AnythingB.EverythingC.SomethingD.Nothing

36.A.willingB.afraidC.ashamedD.surprised

37.A.OnthecontraryB.Forinstance

C.AsaresultD.Inparticular

38.A.discouragementB.ambition

C.opportunitiesD.drawbacks

39.A.richestB.fairestC.easiestD.fullest

40.A.mistakesB.sacrificesC.decisionsD.arrangements

四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

41.OneareainwhichAI(ArtificialIntelligence)influencesglobalhealthisinthefieldof

epidemiology(流行病學).StartupAIMEhas(1)(success)combined

publichealthdatawithmachinelearningandAI(2)(create)apredictionengine

capableofanticipatingepidemicsmonthsinadvancewithgreat(3)(accurate).

AnotherfieldwheremedicalAisaremakingrapidadvances(4)(be)in

diagnostics.Doctorsbasealotofdecisions(5)informationfromX-ray,CTand

MRIimages.Speedingup(6)(diagnosis)frompatientscanscanrapidly

improvepatientcareandoutcomes.Governmentsinmanycountriesfacetheprospectof

ageingpopulations.So(7)wewilllikelyseeistheexpansionofAI

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services,includingrobotichelpers.Robots（8）（design）specificallytointeract

withpeoplecouldhelpsolvetheproblemsofisolationandlonelinessthataffectmany

olderpeople.PetandroidslikeAiboprovidecompanionshipandlearnfrom（9）

（they）interactionsabouteachowner'spreferences.Morehumanoidrobotsareableto

providesocialinteraction,beapersonalassistantandlookafter（10）elderly,

accordingtoitsmakers.

五、短文改錯（本大題共1小題，共10.0分）

42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文

中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪

除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（八），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

DearMr.Mayor,

lamastudentfromXinhuaHighSchool.Iamwritingtosuggestthatbuildingapedestrian

bridgeinfrontofourschoolgate.

Everyday,thousandsofstudentsneedcrossthestreet,whichusuallyleadstoabigtraffic

jamduringthebusilyhours.Asforstudents,itwillbethewasteoftimetowaitfora

dangerouschancetocrosstheroadwithcarspassbyveryfast.Moreimportantly,inthe

pastfewyears,therehadbeentensofaccidentsinvolvingstudents,inmanyofthem

studentswereseverelyinjuredorevenkilled.Butifitisapedestrianbridge,thetraffic

pressurewillbeeased,andstudents1securecanbeguaranteed.

Isincerelyhopeyoucantakemyadviceforaccount.

Respectfullyyours,

LiHua

六、書面表達（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）

43.假如你是李華，剛結(jié)束交換生生活回到中國，請給你在英國的寄宿家庭寫一封郵件,

感謝Black夫婦一年來的照顧和幫助，內(nèi)容包括：1.報平安；2.表達謝意（生活上

的照顧；學習上的幫助等）；3.邀請對方到中國旅游。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.開頭和結(jié)尾已為

你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。

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答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小題1]C【小題2】D【小題3】C

【解析】(1)C.細節(jié)理解題。由第一段第一、二

句..heTempleofHeavenisamagnificentcomplexoffineculturalbuildingssetingardens.T

hesacredplaceservedasacomplexofsacrificialbuildingsfortheMingandQingemperors

(theTempleofHeaven是以花園為背景的宏偉的文化精品建筑群。這個神圣的地方曾

經(jīng)是明、清朝代的祭祀建筑)可知，theTempleofHeaven曾經(jīng)作為明、清朝代的祭祀

建筑(sacrificialbuilding),故選C.

(2)D.細節(jié)理解題。由第三段第三句

Theywerebuiltfordefensepurposesaroundacentralopencourtyardwithonlyoneentrancea

ndwindowstotheoutsideonlyabovethefirstfloor0(出于防御目的，在開放式的中央庭

院周圍只有一個出入口并且窗戶只在一樓以上才有。)可知，出于防御目的，福建士

樓只有一個出入口，故選D.

(3)C.推理判斷題。由第二段

theMogaocaves,alsoknownastheThousand-BuddhaCaves,aretheworld'slargestandIon

gestusedtreasurehouseofBuddhistart.(莫高窟，俗稱千佛洞，是世界上現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大、

內(nèi)容最豐富的的佛教藝術(shù)地。)和第四段

TheLeshanGiantBuddhaissaidtobethebiggestBuddhastatueintheworld.(據(jù)說樂ill大

佛是世界上最大的佛像。)可知，莫高窟(MogaoCaves)和樂山大佛

(theLeshanGiantBuddha)都是宗教圣地，故選C.

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了中國的四個世界遺產(chǎn)地一天壇、莫高窟、福建土樓

及樂山大佛.

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意。因為閱讀理解題

一般沒有標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能

多地捕獲信息材料。其次，細讀題材，各個擊破。掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇

材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息。要

善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性。對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分

析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準。

4.【答案】

【小題1】C【小題2】A【小題3】D【小題4】B

【解析】（1）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"WhenIturnedaround,Isawanelderlyblind

womanwithherhandextendedout.Naturally,Ireachedintomypocketforsomechange

immediatelyandplaceditinherhandwithoutevenlookingather."（我轉(zhuǎn)過身，看見一位年

老的盲人伸出手來。很自然地，我立即把手伸進口袋找了些零錢，放在她手里，連看都

沒看她一眼。）可知，剛開始，作者把盲人女士的求助誤認為是乞討要錢。故選C項。

（2）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"Ihadactedwithprejudice-I'djudgedanotherperson

simplyforwhatIassumedshehadtobe."（我的行為帶有偏見--我判斷另一個人只是因為

我認為她應(yīng)該是什么樣的人。）可知，在得知盲人女士的真實需要后，作者羞愧于自己

剛才不應(yīng)帶著偏見看人。故選A項。

（3）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Throughtheyears,Ihaveexperiencedmanyactsof

prejudice.”（這些年來，我經(jīng)歷了許多的偏見行為。）可知，作者這些年也被別人帶著

偏見對待過，其中一個事例就是自己在做勤雜工時的經(jīng)歷。故選D項。

（4）B.標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了作者因把一位盲人女士的求助誤

認為是乞討行為，從而反思自己不應(yīng)該帶著偏見看人的故事，作者想通過這個故事告訴

大家，要時刻保持謙遜之心，不要帶著偏見對待他人，最后一段中的“beinghumble”是

關(guān)鍵詞，故選B項。

這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者因把一位盲人女士的求助誤認為是乞討行為，從而反思自

己不應(yīng)該帶著偏見看人的故事。

1.直接信息題：

直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。

2.間接信息題：

間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原

文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換。

3.綜合信息題：

綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或

者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章

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取義。

8.【答案】

【小題1】D【小題2】B【小題3】A【小題4】A

【解析】（1）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段

Atestthatmeasuresbloodflowchangesinthebrainshowspeoplewithhighbloodpressurea

re

morelikelytoexperiencepoorercommunicationbetweenbrainregionsthanthosewithnorm

albloodpressure（-一項測量大腦血流變化的測試顯示，與正常血壓的人相比，高血壓患

者的大腦區(qū)域之間的交流更有可能出現(xiàn)障礙）可知，高血壓病人大腦區(qū)域間的關(guān)聯(lián)會減

弱。故選D項。

（2）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段和第六段內(nèi)容尤其是

Yaffe,however,pointedoutalargerstudyoveralongerperiodoftimeisneededtofleshoutt

hesefindings.（然而，Yaffe指出，需要一項更大規(guī)模、更長期的研究來充實這些發(fā)現(xiàn)。）可

知，Dr.Yaffe肯定了這項研究的意義，但同時也指出這項研究有局限性，還需進行更

大規(guī)模，更長時間的研究，這說明Dr.Yaffe對這一實驗的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B項。

（3）A.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文

Weneedtoseeifcognitivefunctiongetsworse,whoismostlikelytoexperiencethisandwh

atitmeansintermsofwhenbrainchangesappear.Wecan'tanswerthosequestionswithsuch

asmallstudy.（我們需要了解認知功能是否會惡化，誰最有可能經(jīng)歷這種情況，以及大

腦何時出現(xiàn)變化意味著什么。我們不能用這么小的研究來回答這些問題。）可知.，劃

線句句意是：需要進行更大規(guī)模，更長時間的實驗來豐富這方面實驗的成果。故故劃線

短語表示"豐富"。A.Enrich豐富；B.Deny否認；C.Describe描述；D.Challenge挑戰(zhàn)。

故選A項。

（4）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段

"Thestudyshouldnotbeinterpretedtomeaneveryonewithhighbloodpressureisontheroa

dloAlzheimer'sdisease,"sheadded."Thebrainisreallycomplicated.Therearesomesubtle

changesinconnectionsshownhere,butthatdoesn'tmeanthebrainisn'tworking.Theremayb

eotherwaysthebrainiscompensating（彌補）forthis."（"這項研究不應(yīng)該被解釋為每

個高血壓患者都在走向老年癡呆癥?！彼a充說，”大腦真的很復雜。這里顯示的連接有

一些微妙的變化，但這并不意味著大腦不工作，大腦可能還有其他的補償方法。"）可

推斷，大腦也許會以某種方式來抵消高血壓對大腦產(chǎn)生的不利影響，故選A項。

這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學研究發(fā)現(xiàn)高血壓可能會影響到人大腦的功能，進而造

成阿爾茲海默癥等疾病。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意。因為閱讀理解題

一般沒有標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能

多地捕獲信息材料。其次，細讀題材，各個擊破。掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇

材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息。要

善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性。對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分

析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準。

12.【答案】

【小題1】B【小題2】B【小題3】C【小題4】D

【解析】（1）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中

"Attheheartoftheactionplanisanefforttolinkstreetvendorsdirectlywithfactories,efecti

velyavoidingmiddlemenandsavingtimeandcosts."（這項行動計劃的核心是努力將街頭

小販與工廠直接聯(lián)系起來，有效避免中間商，節(jié)省時間和成本。）可知，電商平臺幫

助地攤老板直接聯(lián)系生產(chǎn)商，避免中間商賺差價，從而幫助他們降低成本。故選B項。

（2）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中

"Dataanalyticsalsokicksin,givingtraderssomeinsightintocurrenlconsumertrendssothat

theynolongerneedtooperatetheirbusinesspurelybasedonintuition（直

覺），andtheycanavoidstockpiling"（數(shù)據(jù)分析也發(fā)揮了作用，讓交易商對當前的消費

趨勢有了一些了解，這樣他們就不必再單純憑直覺來經(jīng)營業(yè)務(wù)了，而且可以避免囤積）

可知電商平臺的數(shù)據(jù)分析可以幫助商人了解客戶需求，即市場的趨勢，避免了盲目依靠

直覺來做生意。故選B項。

（3）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中

"Forpostsrelatedtodelivery,warehousemanagementandpackaging,priorityisgivent

opeoplefrompoverty-strickenareas."（在送貨、倉庫管理、包裝等相關(guān)崗位，優(yōu)先安排

貧困地區(qū)人員）可知，來自欠發(fā)達鄉(xiāng)村的人更可能得到一份貨物運輸?shù)墓ぷ?。故選C

項。

（4）D.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了在新冠肺炎疫情得到基本控制之

后，網(wǎng)絡(luò)電商平臺以多種方式助力市場和地攤經(jīng)濟的復蘇，這屬于經(jīng)濟范疇，因此文章

第14頁，共23頁

內(nèi)容可能出自報刊的商業(yè)（business）板塊。A.Culture文化；B.World世界；C.Lifestyle

生活方式；D.Business商業(yè)。故選D項。

這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在新冠肺炎疫情得到基本控制之后，網(wǎng)絡(luò)電商平臺以多種

方式助力市場和地攤經(jīng)濟的復蘇。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意。因為閱讀理解題

一般沒有標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能

多地捕獲信息材料。其次，細讀題材，各個擊破。掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇

材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息。要

善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性。對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分

析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準。

16.【答案】

【小題1】F【小題2】B【小題3】C【小題4】D【小題5】A

【解析】（1）F.推理判斷題。由上一"Tablemannersaretheultimatewaytoshowrespect

orsomeaccidentaldisrespecttoyourhost."（餐桌禮儀是對主人表示尊重或無意的不尊重

的終極方式。）和下文列舉的法國、許多亞洲國家、中國和加拿大的餐桌禮儀和具體就

餐時的注意事項可知，本文主要講不同國家的餐桌禮儀，以及具體就餐時的注意事項，

承接上下文，F(xiàn)選項”以下是來自世界各地的一些非常具體的用餐注意事項”切題。故選

F項。

（2）B.推理判斷題。由上兩句"InFrance,youaresupposedtousetwohandstoeat-either

forkandknifeorforkandbread.Breadisn'tmeanttobeanappetizer."（在法國，你應(yīng)該用

兩只手吃飯，不是用刀叉就是用面包和叉。面包不是開胃菜。）和下兩句"Whenyoueat

thebread,tearoffapieceofittoeatinsteadofbitingdirectlyintothebread.Whennotinuse,

thebreadbelongsonthetableortableclothinsteadofIheplate."（當你吃面包時，撕下一片

面包吃，而不是直接咬面包。不用面包時，面包放在桌子或桌布上而不是