譯林版高中英語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展創(chuàng)新學(xué)程一Unit3學(xué)案-雅禮版

拓展創(chuàng)新學(xué)程一Unit3OnthemoveTransportationisthecenteroftheworld!Itistheglueofourdailylives.Whenitgoeswell,wedon’tseeit.Whenitgoeswrong,itnegativelycolorsourday... —RobinChase翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________ Part1課文填空Reading:Self-drivingcars—destinationknown?MrZhangcasuallyglancesattheemptydriver’sseatandsays,“DestinationGrandHotel.Familymode.Start.”Thecarrespondsimmediately,1._________(ease)smoothlyintothebusytrafficandavoidingobstaclesontheroad.Insidethecar,thefamilyhavechosentheir2._________(entertain)fromapop-updisplaypanel,readyforthejourneyahead.This3.__________(imagine)sceneprovidesalikelyfuture4._________(real)forself-drivingcars,also5._________(know)asautonomousvehicles.However,beforethis6._________(evolve)intransportbecomesarevolution,itmustbefullyunderstood7.______self-drivingcarswork.Put8._________(simple),self-drivingcarsmust“see”and“behave”appropriatelytobesafeontheroad.Theydothisthroughvarioushardwareanddeep-learningartificialintelligence(AI).Camerasaswellassensorslikeradarandlidarcapturea9.________(vary)ofdatafromtheexternalenvironment.Oncethedata10._________(send)totheAIsystem,the“brain”oftheself-drivingcar,itisanalysedandputtogetherlike11._________puzzlesothatthecarcan“see”itssurroundingsanddetermineitsposition.Meanwhile,theAIsystemidentifiespatternsfromthedataandlearnsfromthem.Anactionplanisthencreated12._________(instruct)thecarhowto“behave”inrealtime:stayinthelane,moveintoanotherone,speeduporslowdown.Next,thenecessarymechanicalcontrols,suchastheacceleratorandbrakes,13._________(activate)bytheAIsystem,14._________(allow)thecartomoveinlinewiththeactionplan.Thismaysoundperfect15._________theory,16.________inrealitytechnologicalbarriersexistinthedevelopmentofself-drivingcars.The17._________(perceive)systemisanexampleofthis.Roadtrafficintherealworldisso18._________(complicate)thatunfamiliarorunexpectedconditionsmayoccuratanytime.Sinceitisunreasonableforthedatabase19._________(include)everypossibleobjectineverypossibleconditionaheadoftime,thesystemmightnotrecognizeeverythingontheroad.Inonetragicreal-lifecase,aself-drivingcar’sperceptionsystemfailedtoidentifyawhitetruck20._________thebright,sunlitsky.21._________assumedthattherewasnoobstacleinitspathanddidnotactivatethebrakes,22._________(cause)thedeathofthedriverintheself-drivingcar.Accidentslikethisposethequestionof23._________self-drivingcarscanbetterlearnandimprovetheirbehavioursontheroad24._________(ensure)safejourneys.Anotheraspectthatneedscareful25.____________(considerate)istheethicalresponsesself-drivingcarswouldmakeinspecificcircumstances.TheTrolleyProblemisoftenusedtodiscussdifficultethicalchoicestheymayface.Forexample,shouldthoseintheself-drivingcaralwaysbeprotectedfirstevenifitmeans26.____________(endanger)thelivesofpedestrians?Shouldtheself-drivingcarhitasinglepedestriantoavoid27.____________(crash)intoagroupofpedestrians?Andwoulditmakeadifferentdecisionifthepedestrian28.__________(be)achildoraseniorcitizen?Themoraldilemma29.____________comeswithhowtoethicallyprogramself-drivingcarshasyet30.____________(resolve).Besidessuchethical31.___________(concern),thelegalsituationstheautonomousvehicleindustryislikelytobeconfrontedwithhavefueledheateddebates.Inthisemergingindustry,manufacturingandprogrammingstandardsarenotyetuniform.Moreover,thequalityandsafetyofthetechnology32.____________(use)inself-drivingcarsisstillbeingchallenged.Thiscouldleadtoextraordinarycaseslikewhoshouldbeheldresponsiblewhenself-drivingcars33.__________(involve)inaccidents—shoulditbethedriver,thesoftwareprogrammerorthemanufacturer?Manufacturingandprogrammingstandardsfirsthavetobeagreedupontomakeitpossibleforlawcourts34.__________(decide)whoisatfaultwhenthingsgowrong.As35.__________(advance)inautonomousvehicledesignandtechnologyare36.__________progress,thefinalagreementonlawsandregulations37.__________(govern)thisindustryremainstobeseen.Therecanbelittledoubtthat,despiteallthechallenges,self-drivingcarswillformabigpartofourfuture.Thequestionis,whatisnext?Somearguethatself-drivingcarsshouldbeallowedtooperatewithouthumancontrol,38.__________othersaremorecautiousandbelievethathumanoperation,evenif39.__________(limit),isstillnecessary.Onlytimewillrevealitstruepath.40.__________thejourneyaheadisnotwithoutobstacles,theeventualdestinationisboundtobeanothermilestoneforhumankind’samazingvisionandinventiveness.長(zhǎng)難句分析OncethedataissenttotheAIsystem,the“brain”oftheself-drivingcar,itisanalysedandputtogetherlikeapuzzlesothatthecarcan“see”itssurroundingsanddetermineitsposition.(P30,Lines11-13)分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。once引導(dǎo)_______狀語(yǔ)從句，sothat引導(dǎo)_______狀語(yǔ)從句。翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________抄/仿寫(xiě)：_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Besidessuchethicalconcerns,thelegalsituationstheautonomousvehicleindustryislikelytobeconfrontedwithhavefueledheateddebates.(P31,Lines37-38)分析：theautonomousvehicleindustryislikelytobeconfrontedwith是_________從句。翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________________________抄/仿寫(xiě)：_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Asadvancesinautonomousvehicledesignandtechnologyareinprogress,thefinalagreementonlawsandregulationsgoverningthisindustryremainstobeseen.(P31,Lines45-46)分析：前半部分用了as引導(dǎo)的________狀語(yǔ)，governingthisindustry是______________(成分)。翻譯：_____________________________________________________________________________________抄/仿寫(xiě)：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ExtendedReading:Racingtowardsthefuture:alookatChina’shigh-speedrailnetworkInthedistance,awhitebullet-nosedtrainisthunderingdownthetrack.Itgrowslarger1.________theseconduntiliteventuallyslowsandglidespastthelinesofwaitingpassenger.Asit2.________(ease)toastop,thetraindoorsopenwithahissandthepassengersboardwitheager3.________(anticipate).Thenitsdoorscloseandthetraindepartsexactlyontime,itsprogress4.________(bare)noticedasitquicklyandsilentlygathersspeed.5.__________(seat)comfortablyinthewell-quipped,6.__________(space)carriages,thepassengersknowthattheirjourneyaheadwillbebotheffortless7.________relaxing.SuchscenesofcontentedpassengersbeingswiftlytransportedtotheirdestinationsarerepeatedmanytimesadayalloverChina,asfarasthehigh-speedrail(HSR)networkextends.Since2008,theHSRnetwork8.______________(transport)over10billionpassengers,settingaworldrecord.Therearenowmorethan7,000high-speedtrainsrunningdaily,somereachingspeedsofupto350kilometers9._______hour,thefastestintheworldoftraintransport.TheHSRnetworkhas10.__________overalllengthofaround40,000kilometresinoperation,11.__________(cover)almostallprovincial-levelregionsofChina.Itnotonlygreatlyenhancesthenationalrailway’s12.__________(efficient),butalso13.________(serve)astheenginethatkeepsthecountry’seconomiclifebloodflowing.However,China’shigh-speedrailnetworkwasnotbuiltovernight.TheHSRprojectbeganinthe1990sandithasgrownenormouslysincethen.AkeymilestonewasthereleaseoftheHSRnetworkblueprintin2004,14.________theplanfor“fourverticalandfourhorizontal”corridorswasputforward.Twelveyearslater,itwasupgradedto“eightverticalandeighthorizontal”corridors.Today,China15._________(boast)theworld’slongestandmostextensivelyusedHSRnetwork,andisrightlyconsideredtheworldleaderinHSRconstruction.Thisenormoussuccessis16.____________(separate)fromthevisionaryleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChinaaswellasthegreatwisdomoftheChinesepeople.17.________innovationandperseverance,theyhaveclimbedoverhurdlesandpassedonemilestoneafteranother.TheBeijing-Shanghailine,theworld’slongestlinebuiltinonestage,hasthefastesthigh-speedtrains,18.__________(reduce)thetraveltimebetweenBeijingandShanghaifrom14hourstolessthan5hours.TheHarbin-Dalianline,thefirsthigh-coldhigh-speedrailwayintheworld,canoperateat350kilometresperhourintemperaturesaslowas–40℃.TheBeijing-Zhangjiakouline,theworld’sfirstsmarthigh-speedrailway,hassetthestandardforHSRautomaticdriving.DevelopedandmanufacturedtotallybyChina,theEMUtrainboastsmodernizedfeatures,elegantdesignsandadvancedtechnologiesthataresuperior19.______thoseofpreviousmodels.Itisbuiltwithalongerlifespanandanenergy-savingdesigntoreduceairresistance.Alltheseachievementsshowcasethewholehearteddevotionofengineers,thetirelesseffortofrailwayworkers,andthestrongsupportofalltheChinesepeople.20.______isnosurprisethenthatChina’sHSRnetworkhasgrabbedtheattentionofthewholeworld.Inthespiritofinternationalcooperation,Chinahasgenerouslyexporteditstechnologyandskillstomanycountries,andhelpedthemconstructhigh-speedrailwaylines.ThisisinlinewiththeBeltandRoadInitiative,21.________aimstorevivetheancientSilkRoadandconnectthecountriesalongtheroute.TheWorldBankhaspraisedChina’sHSRsuccessanditspositiveimpactswhichgowellbeyondtherailwaysectortoincludeurbandevelopment,regionaleconomicgrowthandreductionsingreenhousegasemissions.TheHSRnetworkhasbecome22.________newsymbolofChina,and“ChinaStandard”hasbecomethe“WorldStandard”.Inthepast,theHSR’spathwasfilledwithobstaclesandachievements.Racingtowardsthefuture,China’sHSRnetworkwillcontinuetogrow,improvingthelivesofitspeopleand23.____________(strengthen)unityamongthem.Now,itisshiningabrightlightonthetrackaheadtoevengreatersuccess.So,sitbackandenjoytheride！長(zhǎng)難句分析SuchscenesofcontentedpassengersbeingswiftlytransportedtotheirdestinationsarerepeatedmanytimesadayalloverChina,asfarasthehigh-speedrail(HSR)networkextends.(P39,Lines8-10)分析：Suchscenesofcontentedpassengersbeingswiftlytransportedtotheirdestinations是句子的___________(成分)，核心詞為_(kāi)___________。翻譯：_____________________________________________________________________________________抄/仿寫(xiě)：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheBeijing-Shanghailine,theworld’slongestlinebuiltinonestage,hasthefastesthigh-speedtrains,reducingthetraveltimebetweenBeijingandShanghaifrom14hourstolessthan5hours.(P40,Lines27-29)分析：theworld’slongestlinebuiltinonestage是主語(yǔ)的___________(成分)；reducingthetraveltimebetweenBeijingandShanghaifrom14hourstolessthan5hours是___________狀語(yǔ)。翻譯：______________________________________________________________________________________抄/仿寫(xiě)：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part2單詞默寫(xiě)背誦版（中譯英）單詞背誦版1.casuallyadv.漫不經(jīng)心地→casualadj.隨意的2.revolutionn.巨變，大變革；革命；（環(huán)繞中心點(diǎn)）旋轉(zhuǎn)3.perceivev.注意到，意識(shí)到；認(rèn)為→perceptionn.直覺(jué)，感知；洞察力；看法，見(jiàn)解4.tragicadj.悲慘的；悲劇的5.dilemman.困境，（進(jìn)退兩難的）囧境6.manufacturevt.大量生產(chǎn)，成批制造7.regulationn.規(guī)章制度，規(guī)則；管理，控制→regulatev.約束，控制，管理8.cautiousadj.小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的→cautiouslyadv.慎重地9.faren.車(chē)費(fèi)，船費(fèi)10.upgradevt.提高（設(shè)施等）檔次，改善；使（機(jī)器等）升級(jí)；提升11.frustrationn.惱怒，沮喪；令人懊惱（或沮喪）的事物；受挫，挫敗→frustratedadj.懊惱的，沮喪的→frustratingadj.令人懊惱的，令人沮喪的12.installvt.安裝，設(shè)置13.emissionn.排放物，散發(fā)物；（光、熱、氣等的）發(fā)出，排放→emit射出；散發(fā)14.distractingn.令人分心的→distractv.（使）分心15.alertadj.警覺(jué)的；意識(shí)到（問(wèn)題或危險(xiǎn)）vt.使警覺(jué)；使意識(shí)到16.severityn.嚴(yán)重性；嚴(yán)厲→severeadj.嚴(yán)重的17.spaciousadj.寬敞的→spacen.空間，空地；空當(dāng)；太空18.glidevi.滑行，掠過(guò)；滑翔19.swiftlyadv.迅速地；敏捷地20.blueprintn.計(jì)劃藍(lán)圖，行動(dòng)方案21.horizontaladj.橫的，水平的22.visionaryadj.有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)的→visionn.視野23.perseverancen.毅力，不屈不撓的精神24.revivevt.&vi重新使用：（使）蘇醒，復(fù)活25.nightmaren.可怕的經(jīng)歷；噩夢(mèng)短語(yǔ)默寫(xiě)背誦版瞥一眼(P30)glanceat平緩地駛?cè)雃asesmoothlyinto自動(dòng)駕駛車(chē)autonomousvehicle簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)putsimply實(shí)時(shí)inrealtime與……一致inlinewith映著明亮，陽(yáng)光照耀的天空(P31)againstthebright,sunlitsky道德困境moraldilemma面對(duì)beconfrontedwith點(diǎn)燃激烈的辯論fuelheateddebates要某人對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)sb.beheldresponsible參與，卷入beinvolvedin在發(fā)展中inprogress有錯(cuò)誤；有過(guò)錯(cuò)beatfault等著瞧remaintobeseen注定beboundto緩緩地停下(P39)easetoastop加速gatherspeed在運(yùn)行中inoperation讓經(jīng)濟(jì)血脈流動(dòng)keeptheeconomiclifebloodflowing四縱四橫走廊f(wàn)ourverticalandfourhorizontalcorridor提出putforward不可分開(kāi)beinseparablefrom高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)thevisionaryleadership確立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(P40)setthestandardfor首次登場(chǎng)makeitsdebut展示工藝技術(shù)demonstratetechnicalskill超出besuperiorto/gowellbeyond展現(xiàn)全身心投入showcaseanwholehearteddevotion不知疲倦的努力thetirelesseffort一帶一路倡議theBeltandRoadInitiative溫室氣體排放的減少reductionsingreenhousegasemissions照亮；使清晰明白shineabrightlightonPart3單元語(yǔ)法高考真題訓(xùn)練：虛擬語(yǔ)氣一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在某些賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用在動(dòng)詞“一堅(jiān)持，二命令，三建議，四要求”所引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的應(yīng)用。這些動(dòng)詞為：insist；order,command；suggest,propose,advise；demand,request,require,ask.從句：thatsb(should)dosth.Itissuggestedthatyou(should)spendmoretimeinEnglish.你應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間用于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。二、if條件從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣類(lèi)別用法例句if引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去式(be用were)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形Sorry，Iamtoobusynow.IfIhadtime，Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：had＋過(guò)去分詞主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might＋have＋過(guò)去分詞Ifithadnotrainedsohardyesterdaywecouldhaveplayedtennis.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：①過(guò)去式/were＋不定式②should＋動(dòng)詞原形主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifsheweretolivethere,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.if引導(dǎo)的條件從句的倒裝如果在表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件句中含有were，had或should，可將if省略，然后將were，had或should移至主語(yǔ)之前。Hadwemadeagreateffortwemighthavesucceeded.(＝Ifwehadmadeagreateffort...)混合條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)條件句的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它們表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。(2013·高考天津卷)IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore，hewouldbeabletospeakitmuchbetternow.三、含蓄條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)在復(fù)合句中，條件狀語(yǔ)從句不是if引導(dǎo)的從句，而是由otherwise，but，or，without，butfor等來(lái)引導(dǎo)。①I(mǎi)wouldhavecomesoonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.我本該早一些到，但我不知道他們?cè)诘任?。②—Butforyourtimelywarning，wewouldhavegotintogreattrouble.—Well,youknowwe’refriends.——要不是你及時(shí)警告，我們也許已經(jīng)陷入麻煩中了。——好了，你知道我們是朋友啊。四、再補(bǔ)充幾個(gè)特殊句式的虛擬語(yǔ)氣wouldratherwouldrather所接的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬)或者過(guò)去完成時(shí)(對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬)。Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.ifonlyifonly后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)(對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬)與過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(對(duì)將來(lái)虛擬)，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望。Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue！asifasif引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞可以用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示虛擬。Don’thandlethevaseasifitweremadeofsteel.五、特殊句式中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣Itis(high)time(that)sbshoulddo...=Itis(high)time(that)sbdid...(did代表一般過(guò)去時(shí))已經(jīng)到了做某事的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。單元語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)訓(xùn)一、單項(xiàng)選擇：1.Hadthegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether，AIDS-relateddeaths________sincetheirhighestin2005.A.hadnotfallenB.wouldnotfallC.didnotfall D.wouldnothavefallen2.ButforthechancesIwasblessedwith，mylife________easily________aturnfortheworse.A.would；takeB.will；havetakenC.should；take D.couldhave；taken3.IfonlyI________atthepartylastnight！ButIhadtopreparefortheconference.A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeen D.was4.Haditnotbeenforyourpracticaladvice，we______suchgreatachievements.A.wouldmakeB.wouldn’thavemadeC.didn’tmake D.hadn’tmade5.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents____twoweekstopreparefortheexams.A.giveB.begivenC.shouldgive D.wouldbegiven6.—It’sreallygreattohaveacomputertostoremyphotos.—Don’tcountonittoomuch.It________breakdownandyou’dbettermakeacopyofthem.A.mustB.canC.should D.will7.—Whatapity!Youmissedmybirthdayparty.—Terriblysorry!________myunclenotvisitedmeunexpectedly.A.ShouldB.WouldC.Had D.Did8.Butforhisgenerousdonations,theanimalshelter________twoyearsago.A.wouldhavebeenclosedB.wasclosedC.wouldbeclosedD.hadbeenclosed9.________youwerefreeatthattime,Ishouldnothavedonethedifficultworkbymyself.A.DoIknowB.DidIknowC.HadIknown D.HaveIknown10.Iwonderwhatmylife________likenowifIhadfoundthestrengthtodisobeymyfatherandinsistedonstudyingabroad.A.wouldhavebeenB.willhavebeenC.wouldbe D.is11.Butforthoseinterruptions，themeeting________halfanhourago.A.wasfinishedB.wouldhavefinishedC.wouldfinish D.hadbeenfinished12.Iwouldn’tpursuemywritingcareernowifI________myselfasweakinwritingwhenIwasyoung.A.definedB.shoulddefineC.woulddefine D.haddefined13.Theupsetmotherthoughttoherself，“IfonlyI________what’sgoingoninmylittleboy’sheadrightnow.”A.hadknownB.knowC.knew D.haveknown14.Intermsofthehighinvestmentrisk,Iwouldratheryou________anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.don’tdoB.didn’tdoC.hadn’tdone D.haven’tdone15.Whenlifegetshardandyouwanttogiveup,rememberthatlifeisfullofupsanddowns,andwithoutthedowns,theups________nothing.A.wouldmeanB.wouldhavemeantC.havemeantD.hadmeant二、語(yǔ)法填空1.Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey________(drive)afewmorekilometers.2.Ifwe________(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.3.It’sstrangethathe________havetakenthebookswithouttheowner’spermission.4.Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI______(have)asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.5.Intoday’sinformationage,thelossofdata________causeseriousproblemsforacompany.6.Ican’tfindmypurse.Icould________(leave)itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI’mnotsure.7.Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,he________havedonetheresearchonhisown.8.I________(enjoy)myselfmore—itwasaperfectday.9.You________becarefulwiththecamera.Itcosts!—________youpractiseplayingthepianoatthistime?Youseeit’sdeepintothenight!—Oh，I’msorry,Mum.

參考答案翻譯：交通是世界的中樞！它是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹恼澈蟿?。?dāng)它運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常時(shí)，我們對(duì)它視而不見(jiàn)。當(dāng)它出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題時(shí)，它將使我們的生活大為失色……Part1課文填空Reading:Self-drivingcars--destinationknown?1.easing; 2.entertainment 3.imagined; 4.reality; 5.known;6.evolution;7.how; 8.simply; 9.variety; 10.issent; 11.a; 12.areactivated; 13.toinstruct; 14.allowing; 15.in; 16.but; 17.perception; 18.complicated; 19.toinclude; 20.against; 21.it; 22.causing; 23.how; 24.toensure; 25.consideration;26.endangering;27.crashing;28.were; 29.that; 30.toberesolved;31.concerns; 32.used; 33.areinvolved; 34.todecide; 35.advances;36.in; 37.governing; 38.while; 39.limited; 40.While1.分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。once引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，sothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

2.分析：theautonomousvehicleindustryislikelytobeconfrontedwith是定語(yǔ)從句。

3.分析：前半部分用了as引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，governingthisindustry是后置定語(yǔ)。Extendedreading:Racingtowardsthefuture:alookatChina’shigh-speedrailnetwork1.by; 2.eases; 3.anticipation; 4.barely; 5.seated;6.spacious; 7.and; 8.hastransported; 9.per/an;10.an;11.covering; 12.efficiency; 13.serves; 14.when; 15.boasts;16.inseparable; 17.With; 18.reducing; 19.to; 20.It;21.which; 22.a; 23.strengthening;4.分析：Suchscenesofcontentedpassengersbeingswiftlytransportedtotheirdestinations是句子的主語(yǔ)，核心詞為scenes。5.theworld’slongestlinebuiltinonestage是主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)；reducingthetraveltimebetweenBeijingandShanghaifrom14hourstolessthan5hours是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。Part3單元語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)訓(xùn)1-5DDBBB 6-10BCACC 11-15BDCBA一、單項(xiàng)選擇：1.【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)題干，從句中had置于句首可知，此處為虛擬語(yǔ)氣中省略連詞if的情況。由從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hadnotworked(haddone)可知，是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，所以主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用would/could/might/shouldhavedone來(lái)表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，故選D。2.【答案】D【解析】句中butfor表示條件，意為“要不是……”，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，主句要用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加完成時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)構(gòu)成；will不能構(gòu)成虛擬，故選D。3.【答案】B【解析】ifonly要是……就好了，表達(dá)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)lastnight，可以看出是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，所以時(shí)態(tài)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddone，故選B。4.【答案】B【解析】此處是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，從句省略if，并將had置于句首構(gòu)成部分倒裝，主句應(yīng)用“wouldhavedone”，再根據(jù)句意“我們本不會(huì)取得這么大的成就”，可知選B。5.【答案】B【解析】句意為：老師贊同這個(gè)建議：給學(xué)生兩周的備考時(shí)間。名詞suggestion后的同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其虛擬形式為“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”，又因?yàn)閟tudents與give之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故謂語(yǔ)需用被動(dòng)形式，選B。6.【答案】B【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?！獡碛幸慌_(tái)電腦來(lái)儲(chǔ)存我的照片真是太棒了。——?jiǎng)e太指望它。這個(gè)電腦可能會(huì)發(fā)生故障，你最好留個(gè)備份。can在此表示可能性，符合語(yǔ)境。7.【答案】C【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。——真可惜！你錯(cuò)過(guò)了我的生日聚會(huì)?！浅１?！要是我叔叔沒(méi)有突然來(lái)看我，我就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)你的生日聚會(huì)了?！癿issed”表明叔叔來(lái)訪是過(guò)去事實(shí)，故條件句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表虛擬，且條件句中省略了if，故將had提到主語(yǔ)之前。故選C。8.【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：要不是他的慷慨捐助，這個(gè)動(dòng)物收容所在兩年前就被關(guān)閉了。根據(jù)Butfor引出的虛擬條件及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“twoyearsago”可知，空格處表示對(duì)與過(guò)去情況相反的事實(shí)的虛擬，應(yīng)用wouldhavedone結(jié)構(gòu)。故答案選A項(xiàng)。9.【答案】C【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：如果我那時(shí)知道你有空，我就不會(huì)自己做那份困難的工作了。根據(jù)句意以及atthattime可知，此句是對(duì)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況的假設(shè)，從句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。當(dāng)從句中省略了連詞if的時(shí)候，應(yīng)將had放在主語(yǔ)的前面，構(gòu)成倒裝。故選C。10.【答案】C【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：我想知道如果我當(dāng)時(shí)有勇氣不順從我的父親，并堅(jiān)持去國(guó)外求學(xué)的話，我現(xiàn)在的生活會(huì)是什么樣子。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“now”可知，主句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用woulddo。11.【答案】B【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：要不是那些中斷，這場(chǎng)會(huì)議在半小時(shí)前就結(jié)束了。根據(jù)句意及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)halfanhourago可知設(shè)空處與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故選B。12.【答案】D【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：如果我年輕時(shí)認(rèn)為自己不善于寫(xiě)作，我現(xiàn)在就不可能從事自己的寫(xiě)作事業(yè)了。根據(jù)句意可知，這是一個(gè)錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，主句同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。D項(xiàng)正確。13.【答案】C【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。ifonly表示“要是……就好了”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，根據(jù)rightnow可知，此處表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。14.【答案】B【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：就投資的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而言，我寧愿你現(xiàn)在把那件事放一下。wouldrather后跟從句時(shí)，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示一個(gè)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的愿望，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。根據(jù)句中的“forthetimebeing”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。15