智能化設(shè)備及系統(tǒng)相關(guān)通信協(xié)議

智能化設(shè)備及系統(tǒng)相關(guān)通信協(xié)議智能家居行業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展至今，面臨的最大問(wèn)題就是協(xié)議不統(tǒng)一。盡管各大廠家、企業(yè)都希望能夠盡快出現(xiàn)一個(gè)統(tǒng)一協(xié)議來(lái)改變?nèi)缃竦母窬?，但是這個(gè)問(wèn)題在短時(shí)間內(nèi)完成的可能性很小。即便如此，協(xié)議的發(fā)展還是在飛速地進(jìn)行著。本文整理了目前市面上常見(jiàn)的智能家居無(wú)線通信協(xié)議，對(duì)各類協(xié)議進(jìn)行優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)盤點(diǎn)。Smarthomeindustryhasbeenboomingsofar,thebiggestproblemfacingtheagreementisnotunified.Althoughthemajormanufacturers,enterprisesarehopingtoemergeassoonaspossibleaunifiedagreementtochangethecurrentpattern,butthisissueisveryunlikelytobecompletedinashorttime.Evenso,progressonthedealhasbeenrapid.Today,YouYusortedoutthecommonsmarthomewirelesscommunicationprotocolsonthemarket,andmadeaninventoryoftheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachprotocol.1、WIFI技術(shù)1、WIFItechnology技術(shù)采用的是國(guó)內(nèi)2.4G免費(fèi)頻段，只支持星型網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)，通過(guò)多基站的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間拓展。其協(xié)議穩(wěn)定性、安全性比較差，易被人破解，功率消耗巨大，Wifi的穿墻能力與衍射能力較弱等特點(diǎn)都意味著其不適合做智能家居系統(tǒng)。Thetechnologyadoptsthedomestic2.4Gfreefrequencyband,onlysupportsthestarnetworktopology,andrealizesthenetworkspaceexpansionbymeansofmultiplebasestations.Itsprotocolstability,securityisrelativelypoor,easytocrack,hugepowerconsumption,Wifiwallpenetrationabilityanddiffractionabilityisweakandothercharacteristicsmeanthatitisnotsuitableforsmarthomesystem.2、藍(lán)牙技術(shù)2、Bluetoothtechnology藍(lán)牙技術(shù)也是生活中最常用的協(xié)議之一。它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于可以通過(guò)短距離的無(wú)線通訊傳輸大數(shù)據(jù)，最頻繁使用藍(lán)牙技術(shù)的就是手機(jī)藍(lán)牙配對(duì)與智能音箱。藍(lán)牙的能耗低于WiFi，傳輸距離一般低于10M，無(wú)法進(jìn)行組網(wǎng)，抗干擾能力與穩(wěn)定性較差，不適合作為智能家居系統(tǒng)。Bluetoothtechnologyisalsooneofthemostcommonlyusedprotocolsindailylife.Itsadvantageisthatitcantransmitbigdatathroughshortdistancewirelesscommunication.ThemostfrequentuseofBluetoothtechnologyistheBluetoothpairingofmobilephonesandsmartspeakers.TheenergyconsumptionofBluetoothislowerthanthatofWiFi,andthetransmissiondistanceisgenerallylessthan10M.Therefore,Bluetoothcannotbenetworkedandhaspooranti-interferenceabilityandstability,soitisnotsuitableforsmarthomesystem.3、射頻4333、Radiofrequency433穿透能力更強(qiáng)，可進(jìn)行更遠(yuǎn)距離的傳播。但傳輸能力較差，并且系統(tǒng)安全保密性差，很容易被破解。z-wave協(xié)議與射頻433在保密性上存在著相同的問(wèn)題，沒(méi)有設(shè)計(jì)加密方式，很容易被攻擊破解，但是其穩(wěn)定性與安全性較強(qiáng)。Ithasgreaterpenetrationandcantravellongerdistances.Butthetransmissioncapacityispoor,andthesecurityofthesystemispoor,itiseasytocrack.z-waveprotocolhasthesameproblemwithRF433intermsofconfidentiality.Thereisnoencryptionmethoddesignedanditiseasytobecrackedbyattacks,butithasstrongstabilityandsecurity.4、ZigBee協(xié)議4、ZigBeeprotocolZigBee協(xié)議是目前為止最適合智能家居的無(wú)線通訊協(xié)議。ZigBee協(xié)議具有自組網(wǎng)能力，安全性高、抗干擾能力與自我恢復(fù)能力都比較強(qiáng)。此外，ZigBee協(xié)議采用了低功耗設(shè)計(jì)，可以達(dá)成全電池供電，節(jié)能環(huán)保。ZigBeeprotocolisbyfarthemostsuitableforsmarthomewirelesscommunicationprotocol.ZigBeeprotocolhasADhocnetworkingcapability,highsecurity,anti-interferenceabilityandself-recoveryabilityarerelativelystrong.Inaddition,ZigBeeprotocolusesalow-powerdesign,canachievefullbatterypower,energysavingandenvironmentalprotection.5、Lora通信協(xié)議5、Loracommunicationprotocol全稱是LongRange，即遠(yuǎn)距離的意思。Lora通信協(xié)議能夠獨(dú)立組網(wǎng)，具有良好的隱蔽性與抗干擾特性，在物理層安全特性較強(qiáng)。ThefullnameisLongRange,whichmeanslongdistance.Loracommunicationprotocolcanbeindependentlynetworked,hasgoodconcealmentandanti-interferencecharacteristics,andhasstrongsecuritycharacteristicsinthephysicallayer.此外，Lora通信協(xié)議還具有多節(jié)點(diǎn)、低成本、遠(yuǎn)距離、低功耗的特點(diǎn)，可以達(dá)成遠(yuǎn)距離的信息傳輸與低功耗以延遲電池壽命?；谝陨蟽?yōu)勢(shì)與特性，智能家居系統(tǒng)同樣采用的是LoRa協(xié)議。Inaddition,Loracommunicationprotocolalsohasthecharacteristicsofmulti-node,lowcost,longdistance,lowpowerconsumption,canachievelongdistanceinformationtransmissionandlowpowerconsumptiontodelaythebatterylife.Basedontheaboveadvantagesandcharacteristics,YuYusmarthomesystemalsousestheLoRaprotocol.智能家居全系統(tǒng)均采用LoRa協(xié)議的，也是某疆無(wú)人機(jī)的同一協(xié)議，穩(wěn)定性第1，斷網(wǎng)可用，響應(yīng)速度很快。ThewholesystemofyoursmarthomeadoptsLoRaprotocol,whichisalsothesameprotocolofaXinjiangUAV.Thestabilityisthefirst,thenetworkcanbedisconnected,andtheresponsespeedisfast.LoRa獨(dú)立組網(wǎng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，讓智能家居系統(tǒng)在語(yǔ)音反應(yīng)上更具備行業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)，不僅穩(wěn)定性、安全性、可視化都達(dá)到頂尖的水準(zhǔn)，同時(shí)也滿足了系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)休眠功能、離線語(yǔ)音等多樣智能操作，無(wú)需上傳到云端再返射回主機(jī)。TheadvantagesofLoRa'sindependentnetworkingmakethevoiceresponseofsmarthomesystemmoreadvantageousintheindustry.Itnotonlyachievesthetoplevelinstability,securityandvisualization,butalsosatisfiesvariousintelligentoperationssuchasautomaticsleepfunctionofthesystemandofflinevoicewithoutuploadingtothecloudandthensendingbacktothehost.6、EnOcean協(xié)議6、EnOceanprotocolEnOcean是世界上唯一一個(gè)使用能力采集技術(shù)的無(wú)線國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在同類產(chǎn)品當(dāng)中，功耗低、傳輸距離遠(yuǎn)是其較為突出的優(yōu)勢(shì)?？梢越M網(wǎng)同時(shí)支持中繼等功能，一般用在無(wú)線無(wú)源智能家居和智能樓宇等產(chǎn)品上。EnOceanistheonlywirelessinternationalstandardthatusescapabilityacquisitiontechnologyintheworld.Amongsimilarproducts,itsadvantagesarelowpowerconsumptionandlongtransmissiondistance.Itcanalsosupportfunctionssuchasrelay.Itisgenerallyusedinwirelesspassivesmarthomeandsmartbuildingproducts.7、NB-IoT7、NB-IoTNB-IoT作為IoT領(lǐng)域的新型技術(shù)，也稱為低功耗廣域網(wǎng)(LPWAN)。主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)為待機(jī)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，適合于網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接要求較高的設(shè)備。它具有覆蓋廣、支撐海量連接的能力。并且低耗也是NB-IOT的主要特點(diǎn)之一，是可在全球范圍內(nèi)廣泛使用的新興技術(shù)。AsanewtechnologyinthefieldofIoT,NB-IoTisalsoknownaslowpowerwideAreaNetwork(LPWAN).Themainadvantageislongstandbyt