新教材適用2023-2024學年高中英語Unit4NaturalDisastersSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures學案新人教版必修第一冊

SectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructuresGrammar——限制性定語從句(1)語法導圖語法講練一、定義1．在主從復合句中修飾或限定主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。它所修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞。引導定語從句的詞叫作關(guān)系詞，包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。2．定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句與先行詞之間的關(guān)系非常密切，從句說明先行詞的性質(zhì)、身份、特征等狀況。3．關(guān)系詞的作用：連接主句和從句；指代先行詞；在從句中充當句子成分。4．關(guān)系詞的分類：關(guān)系代詞：that、which、who、whom、whose、as；關(guān)系副詞：when、where、why。D典例呈現(xiàn)①Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatlosttheirhomesreached100,000.無家可歸的人達到10萬。句中主句為Thenumberofpeoplereached100,000；定語從句為who/thatlosttheirhomes；先行詞為people；關(guān)系代詞為who/that。②Itsoundedlikeatrainthat/whichwasgoingunderthehouse.它聽起來就像一列火車在房子下面駛過。句中主句為Itsoundedlikeatrain；定語從句為that/whichwasgoingunderthehouse；先行詞為atrain；關(guān)系代詞為that/which。J即學即練1分析句子，并譯成漢語①Iknowthepersonwhosehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.句中主句為Iknowtheperson；定語從句為whosehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake；先行詞為theperson；關(guān)系代詞為whose。譯文：我認識那個人，他的房子在地震中被摧毀了。②Theboywhomtheteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.句中主句為Theboyistheirmonitor；定語從句為whomtheteacheroftenpraises；先行詞為Theboy；關(guān)系代詞為whom。譯文：老師經(jīng)常表揚的那個男孩是他們的班長。二、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞先行詞在定語從句中所作的成分that人、物主語、賓語(作賓語時可省略)which物主語、賓語(作賓語時可省略)who人主語、賓語(作賓語時可省略)whom人賓語(作賓語時可省略)whose人、物定語as人、物主語、賓語D典例呈現(xiàn)①Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?在那邊讀報紙的那個人是誰？②Theroomwhichweliveinisverybright.我們住的那間房間很明亮。③Themanwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisournewheadmaster.昨天參觀我們班級的那個人是我們的新校長。④Thisisthestudentwhomyouwanttosee.這就是你想要見的學生。⑤Iknowthewomanwhosehusbandisaworker.我認識那個婦女，她丈夫是個工人。W誤區(qū)警示關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞在定語從句中充當主語、賓語和定語，因此定語從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。①Thestory(that/which)youtoldmeityesterdayisinteresting.(×)②Thestory(that/which)youtoldmeyesterdayisinteresting.(√)J即學即練2A．用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空①Donotcutdownthetreethat/whichgivesyoushade.②Thefilmthat/which/不填wesawlastnightwaswonderful.③Iwanttothankourteacherwho/thatletmejointhisactivity.④Thisistheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.⑤Thisistheboywhom/that/不填shehastakencareof.⑥Sheisanindependentworkerwho/thatlikestodoeverythingherself.B．把下列兩個簡單句合并成一個句子，使第二個句子成為定語從句①Iknowagirl.Hermotherisapianist.Iknowagirlwhosemotherisapianist.②Shemarriedaman.Themanisrich.Shemarriedamanwhoisrich.③Whatisthemountain？Dianeistryingtoclimbthemountain.WhatisthemountainthatDianeistryingtoclimb？④Thisisthenewcar.Thecarcosthimalotofmoney.Thisisthenewcarwhichcosthimalotofmoney.⑤Ihavejustmetalady.Isawtheladylastweek.IhavejustmetaladywhomIsawlastweek.三、用that不用which的情況D典例呈現(xiàn)①Allthatmustbedonehasbeendone.一切必須做的都已經(jīng)做了。②ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.這是我讀過最好的小說。③ThelastplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.我們參觀的最后一個地方是長城。④That'stheonlythingthatwecandonow.那是我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的事情。⑤Myfatherandhisteachertalkedofthingsandpersons(that)theyrememberedintheschool.我父親和他的老師談論了他們記得的學校的人和事。J即學即練3單句語法填空①Thefirstthingthatyoushoulddoiscallthepoliceatonce.②ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveevereaten.③Tellmeeverythingthatyouknow.④Sometimesweshouldignorethepersonsandthingsthatupsetus.⑤Whichofthebooksthatyouboughtisthemostusefulformywriting?四、用which不用that的情況D典例呈現(xiàn)①HereisthecaraboutwhichItoldyou.這就是我跟你說起的那輛車。②Ihavelostmypen,whichIlikeverymuch.我丟失了我很喜歡的鋼筆。③Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.鐘表是告訴人們時間的。J即學即練4單句語法填空①Football，whichisaninterestinggame，isverypopularallovertheworld.②Thatwhichyoutoldhimiswhatwewanttoknow.③ThisisthehouseinwhichMoYanoncelived.④HeboughtanAmericanmagazinethatcouldgivehimsomuchEnglishknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokilltime.五、用who不用that的情況D典例呈現(xiàn)①HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到長城非好漢。②Thereissomeonewhoissingingdownstairs.有人正在樓下唱歌。③Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者，天助之。④Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.昨晚你遇到的那個男孩是小組長，他學習很努力。J即學即練5單句語法填空①Thereisayoungladywhoisinshock.②Peoplewhowanttotravelabroadshouldapplyforapassportfirst.③Onewhohasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.六、定語從句中的主謂一致D典例呈現(xiàn)①ThebooksthatweresoldoutinthreeweekswereallwrittenbyPeter.三周內(nèi)賣光的那些書都是彼得寫的。②Heisoneoftheplayerswhowerepresentedwiththemedal.他是被授予獎章的運動員之一。③Heistheonlyoneoftheplayerswhowaspresentedwiththemedal.他是唯一一個被授予獎章的運動員。J即學即練6單句語法填空①Barbaraiseasytorecogniseasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwhowears(wear)eveningdress.②I'mfondofthepieceofmusicwhichis(be)popularwiththeteenagers.專項練習Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool，Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes，whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.2．ItisthetallestbuildingthatDaminghasseeneversincehecamehere.3．Shesaidshewoulddoanythingthatcouldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.4．Asismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolsisincreasing.5．Thisactivitywaswarmlywelcomedbystudents，allofwhomconsideredithelpfultoarousetheirlearninginterest.6．Themomentwhenyouarefeelingsad,readwhatyouwrotepreviously，whichwillhelpupliftyourspirits.7．Thebandwasverypopulartenyearsago,mostofwhosememberswereintheirtwenties.8．Iwouldliketobuythesamebookassheisreading.9．Theactionofpouringhotwateroverfinepowderedteaiscalleddian,hencethenamediancha,whichwaslisted(list)asanintangibleculturalheritageofRunzhoudistrictin2019.10．Ihavethesamemagazineasyouboughtjustnow.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Thisisthemagazine(that/which)Ilikebest.這就是我最喜歡的那本雜志。2．Thegirlwho/thatissingingisoneofmyclassmates.正在唱歌的女孩是我的一個同學。3．We'retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist(that)wesawlastnight.我們正在討論昨晚見到的鋼琴和鋼琴家。4．Everythingthatshouldbedonehasbeendone.應當做的事情已經(jīng)做了。5．Thisafternoonwe'llgotoseethephotoshow(that/which)youhavevisited.今天下午我們要去看你們參觀過的照片展。6．I'lltellyouall(that)hetoldmelastweek.我要告訴你他上周告訴我的一切。7．Thattreewhoseflowersarelightredlooksverybeautiful.那棵開著淡紅色的花的樹看起來很漂亮。8