南通中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期第一次月考英語試卷 （解析版）VIP

南通中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高二第一次月考試卷(滿分150)第一部分、閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(A)Mostpeopleknowthatlisteningtomusicwhentheyarefeelingdownordepressedcanencouragetheirspirits.Howeverstudieshavealsoshownthatmusic,especiallycertaintonescanreducestress.Musiccanchangebrainwavepatterns,deepenbreathing,andbringonatotallystress-freeandmoreopenmindset（心態(tài)）.Usingmusictorelaxwhenconsideringaparticularproblemmaynotonlyraiseyourmood,butalsocouldhelpyoureachthat"a-ha"momentandfindasolution.Musichasalsobeenshownnotonlytomakeyoufeelgood,butalso,tobeagreatmotivator.Forexample,duringexercise,listeningtomusiccankeepyougoing,orgetyoutoexercisemorebyhelpingyoutoignorenegativefeelingsoftirednessandfocusonthepleasurablefeelingsyougetfrombeingabsorbedinthemusic.Musicismainlyusedtorecordemotion.Whenwelistentoapieceofmusicwesharetheartist'sfeelingsonavisceral（本來的）level.Thatcanbesad,andwhoamongushasn'tputonapainfullovesongtoshareinthemiseryafterabadbreak-up?Onthecontrary,wecanshareinthedelightofsongsofjoyandhappiness,oranysongorpieceofmusicthatremindsusofaparticularhappytimeinourpast.Sonexttimeyouarefeelingdown,putonBeethoven'sOdetoJoy,Ibetyouwillfeelalotbetteraboutwhateveritwasthatwasbotheringyou!1.Wecaninferfromthefirstparagraphthatmusiccan.A.benefityouinmanyways B.promoteyoutofindmorequestionsC.changethepatternsofyourlifestyle D.influenceyourattentiontoaproblem2.Whenweenjoyapieceofsadmusic,.A.we'llsharetheartist'sfeelingsdeeply B.wemayrecallourmiserablepastC.wemayberemindedofparticularjoy D.we'llshowmercyontheartist'slife3.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?A.Whatmusicmeanstoamusiclover B.WhypeoplelovehappymusicC.Whatkindofmusicispopular D.Howmusicchangesyourlife【答案】1.A2.B3.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了音樂對(duì)人的積極影響?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Mostpeopleknowthatlisteningtomusicwhentheyarefeelingdownordepressedcanencouragetheirspirits.(很多人知道當(dāng)他們心情不好或者沮喪時(shí)，聽音樂可以鼓舞他們的精神)”由此判斷出，音樂可以在很多方面給你帶來好處，故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thatcanbesad,andwhoamongushasn'tputonapainfullovesongtoshareinthemiseryafterabadbreak-up?(那可以是悲傷的，我們中誰沒有在糟糕的分手后播放一首痛苦的歌曲來分享其中的悲慘呢？)”由此判斷出，我們聽悲傷的音樂時(shí)，可能會(huì)回憶起悲傷的過去。故選B。【3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“聽音樂可以鼓舞人們的精神”，再結(jié)合每一段的主題句：music,especiallycertaintonescanreducestress(音樂，尤其是特定的曲調(diào)，可以減少壓力)；Musichasalsobeenshownnotonlytomakeyoufeelgood,butalso,tobeagreatmotivator.(音樂被證明不僅能使你感覺好，也可以是一個(gè)巨大的動(dòng)力)；Musicismainlyusedtorecordemotion.(音樂主要用來記錄情感)可知，文章主要講述了音樂對(duì)人的積極影響，所以D項(xiàng)“音樂如何改變你的生活”適合作為文章標(biāo)題，故選D。(B)Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(資源).ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.4.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B.TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D.TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.5.Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A.Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B.Banningwoodcutting.C.Limitinghousingdevelopment.D.Firecontrolmeasures.6.WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A.Inadequatesnowmelt. B.Alongerdryseason.C.Awarmerclimate. D.Dampnessoftheair.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.California’sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B.CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC.WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D.PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究顯示，自20世紀(jì)30年代以來，加州已經(jīng)損失了一半的大樹，而氣候變化似乎是其主要因素。【4題詳解】主旨大意題。第二段中，作者用具體數(shù)據(jù)說明了大樹損失在各個(gè)地區(qū)的嚴(yán)重程度，沒有任何地區(qū)幸免或不受影響，故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(資源).可知，對(duì)野火的控制使得加利福尼亞的森林里擠滿了小樹，與大樹爭(zhēng)奪資源，也就是對(duì)野火的控制是善意的，但對(duì)大樹產(chǎn)生了不利的影響。故選D。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.可知，造成加州水資源短缺的最大因素是溫度升高，這導(dǎo)致樹木向空氣中流失更多的水分，以及更早的融雪，這減少了旱季對(duì)樹木的供水量。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，自20世紀(jì)30年代以來，加州已經(jīng)損失了一半的大樹，文章分析了引起該現(xiàn)象的幾個(gè)主要因素。全文圍繞“加州森林的大樹都去哪兒了”話題展開，故選項(xiàng)A。(C)Whatdefinesaneco-house?Therearetwofeaturestotakeintoconsideration.Firstly,theenergyefficiencyandcarbonemissionsassociatedwithrunningthehouse,andthenthetypeofconstructionmaterialsused,theirassociatedemissionsandtherawmaterialsrequired.AtBaufritz,wehavewonawardsrelatingtothesustainabilityofourhouses.Thisisbecauseasacompanywehaddecidedtoputenvironmentalstewardshipatthecoreofourvalueswaybackinthe1960s.Sohowdowedoit?Heatingisthebiggestemissionsfactorforanyhouse.Itisreallyrathersimpletosolvethisproblem—makeahouseextremelyenergyefficientandthiswillnolongerbeafactor.UltralowenergyhouseshavebecomeknownasPassivehouses,whereacertainsetofdesigncharacteristicshelptoimproveefficiencies.Youneedaveryhighlevelofinsulationinthewallsandroof.Glassshouldbesuitablypositionedtooptimizesolargaintucmrr(heatfromthesun).Thehouseneedstobeverywellengineeredsonoheatislostthroughcracksorpoorlyfittedwindowsanddoors.AtBaufritzwemanufactureKithouses,anduseModernManufacturingMethodsinourfactorytoengineerourhousesinsuchawaythatleaksareminimized.Wehavealsodeveloped“HOIZ”insulation.Manufacturedfromnaturalwoodwasteproducts,HOIZisplacedbetweentheinsideandoutsidelayersofourtimberframedhousestocreatethehighestlevelofinsulation.Ourwindowsanddoorsusetripleglazingtominimizeheatloss.OverheatingisoneofthebiggestchallengesPassivehousesfaceandourarchitectsusesomeverycleverventilationsystemstomanageinternalenvironmentalconditions.Allhousesstillhaveenergy-consumingappliances,butwiththeadditionofsolarforbothelectricitygenerationandwaterheating,thecarbonfootprintofthehomesweproducearefurtherreduced.Embeddedcarboninbuildingmanufacturingmaterialssuchasconcrete,aswellasahistorictendencytosendmaterialstolandfills,resultsinahighcarbonfootprintandnaturalresourceexploitation.Baufritzaddressesthisprobleminanumberofways.Ourprimarymanufacturingmaterialiswood.Wesourcefromsustainablecertifiedforestswherefelledtreesarereplanted.Infact,webelieveallbuildingmaterialsshouldbeasnaturalaspossible.WesaynotoPUconstructionfoams,chemicalinsulationmaterials,toxicadhesivesandlaminateflooring.Ahouseconstructedusingonlynaturalmaterialscreatesahealthylivingenvironmentforitsresidents.Asallourhousesaremanufacturedinourstate-of-the-artfactory,wasteiskepttoanabsoluteminimum.Attheendoftheirlife-cycle,ourhousescanalsoberecycled.Today,demolition（拆除）firmsclearingthesiteforthenewbuildareabletorecyclenearlyallofthebuildingmaterials,thereforeclosingthemanufacturingloop.Myhouseisold,sowhyisthisrelevant?Therearestilllotsofthingswhichcanbedone.Improveyourinsulation.Whenyourappliancesexpire,replacebasedonefficiency.Considerheatpumpsinsteadofgasboilersandexploresolartodeliverelectricityandwaterheating.Bydesigningandbuildinghousestoultralowenergystandards,andbyusingnaturalsustainablysourcedmaterialsandrecyclingthewasteproductsfromourmanufacturingprocesses,weareabletodeliverCarbonNeutralHouses.Thismeansthatthetotalcarbonfootprintthroughoutthelife-cycleofeachhouseiszero,whichiswhywecallourselveseco-housepioneers.Allhousesareprefabricatedatourstate-of-the-artfactoryinErkheim,Germany,andthenassembledonsite.8.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTassociatedwiththesustainabilityofeco-houses?A.Therawmaterialsused.B.Energyefficiencyofthehouse.C.Carbonemissionsreleasedbyhousedesigners.D.Constructionmaterialsusedandtheiremissions.9.FromthepassageitcanbeinferredthatPassivehouses_____________.A.failtooptimizesolargainB.needtobecarefullyengineeredtotrapheatC.usemoreenergy-consumingappliancesthanKithousesD.couldhavelesscomfortableenvironmentalconditionsinsidethem10.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthewayBaufritzbuildshouses?A.HouserecyclingisanadditionalserviceprovidedfreebyBaufritz.B.Buildingmaterialsareobtainedfromfactoriestoensuretheirquality.C.Man-madematerialsareappliedtoreducetheirimpactontheenvironment.D.Thehousesareallmanufacturedintheirfactorysoastoreducecostsandwaste.11Thepurposeofthepassageisto________.A.argueforthenecessityofeco-housesB.advertiseBaufritz,aneco-housebuilderC.explaintheunderlyingvaluesofeco-housesD.expandpeople’sknowledgeofwhateco-housesare【答案】8.C9.D10.D11.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述的是生態(tài)住宅。Baufritz是一家獲得了與房屋可持續(xù)性相關(guān)的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)公司，還開發(fā)了“霍伊茲”絕緣?；粢疗澯商烊荒静膹U料制成，被放置在木結(jié)構(gòu)房屋的內(nèi)層和外層之間，以創(chuàng)造最高水平的絕緣。Baufritz用許多方法來解決高碳足跡和自然資源的開發(fā)的這個(gè)問題?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：根據(jù)文章，下列哪項(xiàng)與生態(tài)住宅的可持續(xù)性無關(guān)?根據(jù)文章第一段“Whatdefinesaneco-house?Therearetwofeaturestotakeintoconsideration.Firstly,theenergyefficiencyandcarbonemissionsassociatedwithrunningthehouse,andthenthetypeofconstructionmaterialsused,theirassociatedemissionsandtherawmaterialsrequired.”生態(tài)住宅的定義是什么?有兩個(gè)特性需要考慮。首先是與運(yùn)行房屋相關(guān)的能源效率和碳排放，然后是使用的建筑材料的類型，它們的相關(guān)排放和所需的原材料?？芍课菰O(shè)計(jì)師釋放的碳排放和房屋的碳排放量并不相關(guān)。故答案為C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Heatingisthebiggestemissionsfactorforanyhouse.Itisreallyrathersimpletosolvethisproblem—makeahouseextremelyenergyefficientandthiswillnolongerbeafactor.UltralowenergyhouseshavebecomeknownasPassivehouses,whereacertainsetofdesigncharacteristicshelptoimproveefficiencies.Youneedaveryhighlevelofinsulationinthewallsandroof.Glassshouldbesuitablypositionedtooptimizesolargaintucmrr(heatfromthesun).Thehouseneedstobeverywellengineeredsonoheatislostthroughcracksorpoorlyfittedwindowsanddoors.”對(duì)于任何房子來說，供暖都是最大的排放因素。要解決這個(gè)問題其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單——讓房子非常節(jié)能，而這將不再是一個(gè)因素。超低能耗房屋被稱為被動(dòng)式房屋，其設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)有助于提高效率。你需要在墻壁和屋頂上有很高的隔熱層。玻璃應(yīng)該放置在合適的位置，以優(yōu)化太陽的熱量。房子需要精心設(shè)計(jì)，這樣就不會(huì)有熱量通過裂縫或不合適的門窗流失?？芍粍?dòng)式房屋內(nèi)部的環(huán)境條件可能不太舒適。故答案為D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。本題題干意為：關(guān)于Baufritz建造房屋的方式，下列哪個(gè)說法是正確的?根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Asallourhousesaremanufacturedinourstate-of-the-artfactory,wasteiskepttoanabsoluteminimum.”由于我們所有的房子都是在我們最先進(jìn)的工廠制造的，所以廢物被保持在絕對(duì)最小的水平。和最后一段“Allhousesareprefabricatedatourstate-of-the-artfactoryinErkheim,Germany,andthenassembledonsite”所有的房屋都是在我們位于德國埃爾凱姆的先進(jìn)工廠預(yù)制的，然后在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)組裝。可知房子都是在他們的工廠制造，以減少成本和浪費(fèi)。故答案為D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。本題題干意為：作者寫這篇文章的目的是?文章主要講的是Baufritz是一家獲得了與房屋可持續(xù)性相關(guān)的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)公司，還開發(fā)了“霍伊茲”絕緣?；粢疗澯商烊荒静膹U料制成，被放置在木結(jié)構(gòu)房屋的內(nèi)層和外層之間，以創(chuàng)造最高水平的絕緣。Baufritz用許多方法來解決高碳足跡和自然資源的開發(fā)的這個(gè)問題。可知文章主要的是為Baufritz做廣告，說明他是一家生態(tài)住宅建筑商故答案為B項(xiàng)。(D)Canyouimaginedigginginyouryardonedayandfindingalife-sizedsoldiermadecompletelyofclay?That’swhathappenedseveraldecadesagowhenfarmersinXi'anChina,werediggingwells.Archaeologists（考古學(xué)家）havesincefoundabout6,000moreofthesesoldiers,alongwithhorses,weapons,tools,andotherartifacts.ThehugearmywasmeanttoprotectthetombofthefirstrulerofChina.ThefirstemperorofChina,QinShihuang,accomplishedahugeamountduringhisrule.Between221and210B.C.,hestartedtheconstructionoftheGreatWall.Hebuiltalargenetworkofroads.Heintroducedanewwritingsystem,currency（貨幣）,andasetofmeasurements.Theemperoralsoorderedtheconstructionofahugearmyoflife-sizedterracottasoldiers.These,hehoped,wouldprotecthistombafterhisdeath.ThesoldiersinXi'an'sterracottamuseumaretodaylightbrown,buttheyweren'talways.Theybeganasanarmyofred,blue,yellow,green,white,andpurple.Sadly,mostofthecolorsdidnotlasttothepresentday.Afterbeingexposedtoairduringexcavation(挖掘),thecoatingunderthepaintbegantofalloff.Thepaintdisappearedinlesstimethanittakestoboilanegg,takingwithitimportantpiecesofhistory.Nownewtechniquesarestartingtorevealthearmy'struecolors.Archaeologistshaverecentlydiscoveredanareawithmorethanahundredsoldiers.Manyofthesestillhavetheirpaintedfeatures,includingblackhair,pinkfaces,andblackorbrowneyes.ChineseandGermanresearchershavedevelopedaspecialliquidtohelppreservethesoldiers’colors.Aftertheyfindasoldierorotherartifacts(手工藝品),archaeologistssprayitwiththeliquid.Theythencoveritinplastic.Archaeologistsarealsofindingcolorsinthedirtaroundthesoldiers.It’simportantnottodisturbthedirt,sothecolorswon’tbelost.“Wearetreatingtheearthasanartifact,”saysarcheologistRongBo,themuseum’sleadingchemist.Thenextchallenge,saysRong,istofindawaytoapplythecolorstothearmyagain.Oncethathappens,artistscanbringEmperorQin'sarmybacktolifeinfull,vividcolor.12.Theterracottasoldierswereconstructedto_________.A.showtheoutsideworldaboutChina’sgreatnessB.beenjoyedbyeverydaypeopleC.frightenChina’senemiesD.protectEmperorQin’stomb13.Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A.Thesoldierslosttheircolorsveryquickly.B.Thesoldiers’paintfelloffbecauseofthehightemperature.C.Visitorstothemuseumarenotactuallyseeingtherealsoldiers.D.Beingexposedtowaterisbadforthesoldiers.14.Whathavearchaeologistsrecentlydiscovered?A.Aplacewithoverahundredsoldiers.B.Awrittendescriptionofthesoldiers’truecolors.C.Aspecialliquidinthetombtopreservethesoldiers’colors.D.AnewtombforEmperorQin.15.WhichstatementwouldRongBoprobablyagreewith?A.Thesoldiersshouldstayintheircurrent,browncolor.B.Artistsshouldbeabletopaintthesoldiersinanycolortheywant.C.Archaeologistscanonlyguessatthesoldiers’originalcolors.D.Weshouldtrytorestorethearmy’svividcolors.【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。講述了秦皇秦始皇兵馬俑和其真正的顏色?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第2段第2句ThehugearmywasmeanttoprotectthetombofthefirstrulerofChina.ThefirstemperorofChina,QinShihuang.可知，兵馬俑就是為了保護(hù)秦始皇。故選D?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀第3段可知，該段主要講述了兵馬俑顏色的問題。由Afterbeingexposedtoairduringexcavation(挖掘),thecoatingunderthepaintbegantofalloff.Thepaintdisappearedinlesstimethanittakestoboilanegg,takingwithitimportantpiecesofhistory.可知，兵馬俑顏色在挖掘期間顏色就迅速消失了。故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第4段第2句話Archaeologistshaverecentlydiscoveredanareawithmorethanahundredsoldiers.可知，考古學(xué)家最近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)擁有100多個(gè)兵馬俑的地方。故選A。【15題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第4段倒數(shù)第2句Thenextchallenge,saysRong,istofindawaytoapplythecolorstothearmyagain.Oncethathappens,artistscanbringEmperorQin'sarmybacktolifeinfull,vividcolor.可知，下個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)是找到方法使兵馬俑重新涂上顏色。故選D?！军c(diǎn)睛】概括段落大意，可以抓“段眼”，也就是一段文字的中心句，或能涵蓋大意的一句話。如果該段沒有中心句，但往往有占中心地位的人、事、物、情、理，整個(gè)段落都是緊緊圍繞這些來寫的，抓住他們，概括段落內(nèi)容就比較容易了。比如第三段，都是圍繞兵馬俑顏色消失的問題講述的，故選Ａ。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Dealingwithwaterpollutionissomethingthateveryoneneedstogetinvolvedwith.Hereareafewthingsyoucandotohelp.Youshouldneverthrowrubbishaway.____16____.Ifthereisnonearound,pleasetakeithomeandputitinyourtrashcan,especiallyatthebeachandattheriverside.Usewaterwisely.Donotkeepthetaprunningwhenitisnotinuse.____17____.Ifwealldothis,wecansignificantlypreventwatershortagesandreducetheamountofdirtywater.Donotthrowchemicals,oils,paintsormedicinesdownthetoilet.Inmanycities,yourlocalenvironmentofficecanhelpwiththedisposal(清除)ofmedicinesandchemicals.Andyoushouldbuymoreenvironmentally-safecleaningliquidsforuseathomeandotherpublicplaces.Theyarelessdangeroustotheenvironment.____18____.Ifyouliveclosetoawaterbody,trytoplanttreesandflowersaroundyourhome,sothatwhenitrains,chemicalsfromyourhomedonoteasilyflowintothewater.____19____.Theselawsaredirectedatindustries,hospitals,schoolsandmarketareasonhowtotreatandmanagesewage(污水).Inmanydevelopedcities,wastetreatmentisveryefficient,anddesignedtoreducepollutionofwaterbodies.Therearealsolotsoforganizationsandgroupsthathelpeducatepeopleonthedangersofwaterpollution.____20____.Theyregularlyencourageothermembersoftheircommunitiestohaveabetterattitudetotowardswater.AItisagreatideatojointhesegroupsB.AlwayslookforthecorrectwastebinC.UsefewerchemicalstocleanyourhomeD.Also,youcanreducetheamountofwaterinwashingandbathingE.Checkyourlocalgovernment'slawsbeforeyoupourthedirtywaterF.ManygovernmentshavestrictlawsthathelpreducewaterpollutionG.Ifyouusechemicalsforyourfarms,becarefulnottooverusepesticides(殺蟲劑)【答案】16.B17.D18.G19.F20.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。隨著水污染的加劇，人人都應(yīng)參與應(yīng)對(duì)此問題。文章就應(yīng)該如何做，給出了一些建議，例如：不要亂扔垃圾；明智地用水；減少化學(xué)物質(zhì)對(duì)水的污染；按照相關(guān)法律行事；加入教育人們水污染危害的團(tuán)體?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Youshouldneverthrowrubbishaway.”(你不應(yīng)該亂扔垃圾)可知，下文應(yīng)該講述要把垃圾扔在垃圾箱，B.Alwayslookforthecorrectwastebin(去找正確的垃圾箱)符合文意，故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Donotkeepthetaprunningwhenitisnotinuse.”(不用水時(shí)，不要讓水龍頭一直開著)與D.Also,youcanreducetheamountofwaterinwashingandbathing(此外，你也可以減少洗滌和沐浴的用水量)承接自然，上下文是并列關(guān)系，且話題一致，都符合本段中心句“Usewaterwisely”(明智地用水)的話題，故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“Ifyouliveclosetoawaterbody,trytoplanttreesandflowersaroundyourhome,sothatwhenitrains,chemicalsfromyourhomedonoteasilyflowintothewater.”(如果你住在離水體較近的地方，盡量在你家周圍種植樹和花，這樣當(dāng)下雨時(shí)，來自你家的化學(xué)物質(zhì)就不容易流進(jìn)水里)與G.Ifyouusechemicalsforyourfarms,becarefulnottooverusepesticides(殺蟲劑)(如果你為你的農(nóng)場(chǎng)使用化學(xué)物質(zhì)，小心不要過度使用殺蟲劑)承接自然，上下文句式相同，且話題一致，都講述如何減少化學(xué)物品對(duì)水體的污染。故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】下文“Theselawsaredirectedatindustries,hospitals,schoolsandmarketareasonhowtotreatandmanagesewage(污水).”(這些法律在如何對(duì)待和管理污水問題上對(duì)工業(yè)、醫(yī)院、學(xué)校和市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行指導(dǎo))與F.Manygovernmentshavestrictlawsthathelpreducewaterpollution(許多政府都有嚴(yán)格法律來幫助減少水污染)承接自然，上下文話題一致，都講述通過法律手段減少水污染。且下文的theselaws就指代選項(xiàng)中的strictlaws。故選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】上文“Therearealsolotsoforganizationsandgroupsthathelpeducatepeopleonthedangersofwaterpollution.”(也有很多幫助教育人們關(guān)于水污染危險(xiǎn)的組織和團(tuán)體)與A.Itisagreatideatojointhesegroups(加入這些團(tuán)體是個(gè)好主意)承接自然，選項(xiàng)中的thesegroups就是上文的organizationsandgroupsthathelpeducatepeopleonthedangersofwaterpollution.，此外groups是關(guān)鍵詞，故選A項(xiàng)。第二部分、英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A,B,C,和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Istartedvolunteeringatasoupkitchenseveralyearsago.TheoriginalreasonIwasgoingwasto_____21_____communityservicehoursforschool.Myplanwasto_____22_____gothereafewtimesandgetmyservicehours,butittaughtmealot.Thetypicalvolunteerthereserved_____23_____topeople.Basically,Iwas______24______servingbreadandjuicetowhoeverwantedit,whichwasasimpletask.Someofthepeoplewerehomeless,andsomeofthemwere_____25_____families.Allofthemwerepeopleinneedofahotmealandaplaceto_____26_____foranhourorseveralminutes.______27______someofthemlookedliketheyweren'tbehavingwell,wealwaystookcareofthem.ThefirsttimeIwenttherewasrightbeforeChristmas.Forthepeoplecomingtothesoupkitchen,itwasnotexactlya______28______time.ItmademethinkaboutmyhappyChristmasandmademefeelhow_____29_____Iwas.Unlikethem,IhaveahomeandIdon't_____30_____coldorhunger.Atthatpoint,IdecidedthatI______31______wantedtogobackthere.Icouldn'tofferthemmuch,butIcouldalwaysoffermytimeand______32______.Theexperiencealsogivesmeafeelingof_____33_____.WheneverIgothere,peopleare_____34_____thatIshowedupagain.TheyknowmynameandtheyknowthatIammorethanhappyto_____35_____them.Ittrulyfeelsgoodtoknowthatyoucan_____36_____someone'sday.I'verealizedthatthefeelingofdoinggoodforpeoplecanbeabetter_____37_____thananyamountofmoney.Youcan'tbuythatfeeling.Ihavenever_____38_____asinglesecondofmyvolunteering.It_____39_____methatdozensofcitieshavemadeitillegaltosetupasoupkitchen.ButIwillcontinuemyvolunteerworkandfindmorewaystoshowmy______40______topeopleinneed.21.A.reduce B.avoid C.complete D.cancel22.A.yet B.just C.even D.still23.A.food B.work C.time D.money24.A.tiredof B.worriedabout C.responsiblefor D.freefrom25.A.busy B.serious C.experienced D.struggling26.A.hide B.rest C.live D.study27.A.Although B.If C.Because D.Until28.A.available B.strange C.pleasant D.painful29.A.wise B.honest C.curious D.fortunate30.A.turndown B.sufferfrom C.passdown D.learnfrom31.A.definitely B.gradually C.equally D.hardly32.A.reason. B.effort C.chance D.patience33.A.stability B.guilt C.loss D.appreciation34.A.grateful B.confident C.proud D.shocked35.A.change B.leave C.forget D.help36.A.describe B.waste C.brighten D.disturb37.A.reward B.excuse C.risk D.mistake38.A.planned B.regretted C.forgiven D.understood39.A.reminds B.confuses C.encourages D.disappoints40.A.talent B.concern C.kindness D.weakness【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.C25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.B31.A32.B33.D34.A35.D36.C37.A38.B39.D40.C【解析】【分析】本文屬于記敘文，講述作者在流動(dòng)廚房當(dāng)志愿者的經(jīng)歷，最初打算去完成規(guī)定的服務(wù)時(shí)間，最后愛上了志愿者服務(wù)，喜歡去幫助別人?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.reduce減少；B.avoid避免；C.complete完成；D.cancel取消。根據(jù)后文Myplanwasto_____2_____gothereafewtimesandgetmyservicehours可知，作者去流動(dòng)廚房是為了獲得學(xué)分，完成社區(qū)服務(wù)時(shí)間，故選C?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。A.yet但是；B.just僅僅；C.even甚至；D.still仍然。根據(jù)后文butittaughtmealot可知，作者的計(jì)劃僅僅是獲得學(xué)分，但是卻收獲了很多，故選B。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.food食物；B.work工作；C.time時(shí)間；D.money金錢。根據(jù)后文servingbreadandjuicetowhoeverwantedit可知，流動(dòng)廚房的典型志愿者就是提供吃的，故選A。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.tiredof疲倦；B.worriedabout擔(dān)憂；C.responsiblefor負(fù)責(zé)；D.freefrom不受…限制。根據(jù)whichwasasimpletask.可知，作者的工作就是負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)放食物，故選C?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.busy繁忙的；B.serious嚴(yán)重的；C.experienced有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；D.struggling困難的，掙扎的。本句描述那些接受食物的對(duì)象的情況，有些人的家庭很困難，故選D。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.hide隱藏；B.rest休息；C.live生活；D.study學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)前文aplace可知，需要一個(gè)地方休息，故選B。【27題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管有些人看起來表現(xiàn)很差，我們總是照顧他們。A.Although盡管；B.If如果；C.Because因?yàn)?；D.Until直到。前后句屬于讓步關(guān)系，故選A。.【28題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.available有空的；B.strange奇怪的；C.pleasant令人快樂的；D.painful痛苦的。根據(jù)前文ThefirsttimeIwenttherewasrightbeforeChristmas.可知，作者第一次去做服務(wù)是在圣誕節(jié)前夕，本該家人團(tuán)聚，但是很多人還需要靠施舍的東西為生，這不是令人高興的事，故選C。【29題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.wise明智的；B.honest誠實(shí)的；C.curious好奇的；D.fortunate幸運(yùn)的。根據(jù)前文ItmademethinkaboutmyhappyChristmas可知，看到這些場(chǎng)景，讓作者回想起自己快樂的圣誕節(jié)，感覺自己很幸運(yùn)，故選D。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.turndown拒絕；B.sufferfrom遭受；C.passdown傳遞；D.learnfrom從…學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)前文Unlikethem,Ihaveahome可知，跟他們不一樣，作者有個(gè)家，不用饑寒交迫，故選B?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。A.definitely當(dāng)然；B.gradually逐漸地；C.equally相當(dāng)；D.hardly幾乎不。根據(jù)句意可知，從那時(shí)起，我明確了自己還要回去做志愿者，幫助需要幫助的人，故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.reason原因；B.effort努力；C.chance機(jī)會(huì)；D.patience耐心。根據(jù)前文Icouldn'tofferthemmuch可知，作者無法提供太多的東西，但是可以奉獻(xiàn)自己的時(shí)間和努力，故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.stability穩(wěn)定；B.guilt愧疚；C.loss迷失；D.appreciation感激。根據(jù)后文TheyknowmynameandtheyknowthatIammorethanhappyto可知，作者的付出得到了大家的認(rèn)可和回應(yīng)，故作者很感激，故選D。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.grateful感激的；B.confident自信的；C.proud自豪的；D.shocked震驚的。當(dāng)作者出現(xiàn)在那里的時(shí)候，人們很感激他，故選A.【35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.change改變；B.leave離開；C.forget忘記；D.help幫助。根據(jù)文章可知，作者去流動(dòng)廚房做志愿者是幫助那些需要幫助的人，故選D?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.describe描述；B.waste浪費(fèi)；C.brighten照亮；D.disturb打擾。根據(jù)后文I'verealizedthatthefeelingofdoinggoodforpeople可知，幫助別人可以照亮別人，讓他們對(duì)未來充滿信心和希望，故選C?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.reward回報(bào)；B.excuse借口；C.risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；D.mistake錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)后文anyamountofmoney可知，幫助別人的感覺是任何金錢無法相比的，故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.planned計(jì)劃；B.regretted后悔；C.forgiven原諒；D.understood理解。根據(jù)后文ButIwillcontinuemyvolunteerwork可知，作者很滿足自己的志愿者工作，不后悔，還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去，故選B。【39題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.reminds提醒；B.confuses使迷惑；C.encourages鼓舞；D.disappoints使失望。根據(jù)句意可知，有些人非法建立流動(dòng)廚房，這讓作者很失望，故選D?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.talent天賦；B.concern擔(dān)憂，關(guān)心；C.kindness善意；D.weakness弱點(diǎn)。根據(jù)前文Iwillcontinuemyvolunteerwork可知，作者會(huì)繼續(xù)自己的志愿者服務(wù)，表示對(duì)那些需要幫助的人的善意，故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Inyourdailylife，therearemanyexampleswhereyourparentscontrolhundreds____41____thingsforyouwhenyouareakid，suchastheclothesyouwear，thefoodyoueat，whereyougoandhowyougetthere.Itisagoodthing.Kidsneedthiskindof____42____(protect)andhelpbecausetheyarenotoldenoughtotakecareof____43____andmakedecisions____44____(correct)．Butwithkidsgrowing____45____(old)，thepartofbeingateenisdevelopingyourownidentity—onethat____46____(separate)fromyourparents’．Differentattitudestowardseventslikepartyingmayleadtoarguments，be