國(guó)際音標(biāo)講義(全)

音標(biāo)課講義國(guó)際音標(biāo)簡(jiǎn)介廣義：國(guó)際音標(biāo)InternationalPhoneticAlphabet，原義是“國(guó)際語(yǔ)音字母〞，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)IPA，由國(guó)際語(yǔ)音協(xié)會(huì)制定狹義：英語(yǔ)國(guó)際音標(biāo)〔DJ音標(biāo)，由英國(guó)語(yǔ)音學(xué)家DanielJones創(chuàng)立〕。由于它用來(lái)標(biāo)注英語(yǔ)的發(fā)音，一般都把它叫做英語(yǔ)國(guó)際音標(biāo)，后來(lái)在國(guó)內(nèi)干脆簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)國(guó)際音標(biāo)。學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo)的作用打好音標(biāo)根底是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的根本條件提高聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力，培養(yǎng)良好的語(yǔ)感有助于依靠讀音記單詞“見(jiàn)其形讀其音，聽(tīng)其音寫(xiě)其形〞學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo)的要求重視英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力結(jié)合單詞識(shí)記音標(biāo)大膽開(kāi)口練習(xí)，不要害怕犯錯(cuò)不放過(guò)任何時(shí)機(jī)，用心體會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的發(fā)音音標(biāo)一覽表26個(gè)英語(yǔ)字母的發(fā)音語(yǔ)音知識(shí)1)字母：語(yǔ)言的書(shū)寫(xiě)形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u2)音素：音的最小的單位。英語(yǔ)中有48音素。即20個(gè)元音音素和28個(gè)輔音音素.3)元音：發(fā)音響亮，口腔中氣流不受阻礙；是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語(yǔ)中有20個(gè)元音。4)輔音：發(fā)音不響亮，口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語(yǔ)中有28個(gè)輔音。5)音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple，stu'dent，tea'cher，un'der'stand。6)開(kāi)音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音+e如:name,bike,home,house等b)輔音+元音如：he,go,hi

7)閉音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音如：bad，bed，sit，hot，cupb)元音+輔音如：it8)重讀音節(jié)：?jiǎn)卧~中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。音標(biāo)分類(lèi)英語(yǔ)國(guó)際音標(biāo)共有48個(gè)元音〔20個(gè)〕長(zhǎng)元音 /ɑ:/ /?:/ /?:/ /i:/ /U:/ 短元音 /?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /e/ /?/雙元音/e?/ /a?//??/ /??//e?//??//??//a?/輔音〔28個(gè)〕輕輔音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s//?/ /h/ /ts/ /t?/ /tr/濁輔音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z//?/ /r/ /dz//d?//dr/鼻音 /m/ /n/ /?/半元音 /j/ /w/ 邊音 /?/ 長(zhǎng)元音[i:]發(fā)音部位：舌尖輕抵下齒齦，舌前部抬高，但不抵上齒齦；發(fā)音方法：嘴角向后縮，使雙唇呈扁平狀；氣流從口腔中流出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。mesheepteachpeoplereceive[i:]常見(jiàn)的字母組合ee:threetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseekea:eatteameatleaveleadteacherteammeanspeakcleanpleasee:heshemewebeieei〔eoeyi〕:peoplepiecereceiveceiling繞口令：A:Teaorcoffee?B:TeaforLeeandcoffeeforme,please.長(zhǎng)元音[ε:]發(fā)音部位：舌端離開(kāi)下齒，舌身平展，舌中部稍微抬起發(fā)音方法：雙唇扁平，向左右略微拉開(kāi)，成微笑狀氣流從口腔中沖出微振聲帶，發(fā)出此音。herbirdnurselearnwork[ε:]常見(jiàn)的字母組合ir:girlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbirdur:turnburnnurseThursdayburgerear:learnearnearthhearder:termherserveor:workwormworkworld繞口令：Theearlybirdcatchesthewormfirst.長(zhǎng)元音[a:]發(fā)音部位：舌端離開(kāi)下齒，舌身平放后縮，舌位較低；發(fā)音方法：口張大，氣流從口腔中流出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音glasscarlaughheartarm[a:]常見(jiàn)的字母組合a:grassglassclassplantdancefastfatlasthalfar:carstararmparkMarchhardgardendarkau:laughauntear:heart繞口令：It’sfartothefarmfromthepark.長(zhǎng)元音[?:]發(fā)音部位：舌尖離開(kāi)下齒，舌后抬高，上下唇略為張大，唇形較圓，并用力向前突出發(fā)音方法：氣流從口腔中沖出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。smallmoreautumnfourwarmdoor[?:]常見(jiàn)的字母組合a:wateraw:drawstrawberryal:ballwallcallsmallor:horsemorningcornforkorshortoor:floordoorau:autumnar:warmour:fourbought繞口令：Mydaughterisforty-four.長(zhǎng)元音[u:]發(fā)音部位：舌端離開(kāi)下齒，舌后部向軟腭抬高，舌位較高；雙唇盡量收縮成圓而小，并稍向前突出；發(fā)音方法：氣流從口腔中沖出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。fooddotruefruitsoupshoe[u:]常見(jiàn)的字母組合o:dowhowhosetooo:foodmoontoosoonroomui:fruitjuiceu:rulerbluefullou:soupoe:shoe繞口令：Howdoyoudo?Youlookedreallycool.TaskReviewandpreviewRewritetheformof26lettersReadthewordsandsentencesaloud練一練：寫(xiě)出以下劃線局部字母的發(fā)音，并找出發(fā)音不同的單詞。ABCD()1.he feetbread green()2.live fishteacherwe()3.tall first work shirt()4.treesee clean Sunday()5.fatherdoctorskirt china()6.moon food eat fruit()7.truebook woodlook()8.four small walk bird()9.busfoot goodbook()10.cararmfoodgarden【i】舌尖輕抵下齒齒齦，舌前部向硬腭抬起；嘴角向后縮使雙唇略扁極為短促的氣流從口腔中沖出，微振聲帶，發(fā)出此音。inticketbusyhappymoney【i】常見(jiàn)的字母組合i:isEnglishpigfishfifteensixshipe:behindjacketbasketbally:happyheavybusysunnystudytwentywindyrainyey:monkeymoneyu:busy繞口令：Hislittlesisterissittinginthemiddle.[i:]和[i]1.it--eat2.seat—sit3.tree—trip4.sheep—ship區(qū)分以下單詞：needsisterrichweakagreebigswimkeepmisstreefishpeople[e]舌端靠近下齒，舌前部稍稍抬起；雙唇扁平，上下齒的距離相當(dāng)于一個(gè)中指寬度；極為短促的氣流從口腔中沖出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。getbreadagainegg[e]常見(jiàn)的字母組合e:eggdesklegredpettenpenea:breadheadbreakfastai:againsaid繞口令：Good,better,best.Neverletitrest.【?】舌端靠近下齒，雙唇盡量向兩邊平伸，使嘴角肌肉感到緊張；極為短促的氣流從口腔中沖出，振動(dòng)聲帶發(fā)出此音。thatmapcatchblackapple【?】常見(jiàn)的字母組合a:dadhatcapbagcatcanbadapplebaghandblackhasstandmap[?]和[e]1.pat—pet2.sat—set3.sad—said4.bad—bed5.dad—dead區(qū)分以下單詞：wetbagactbednevertenbreadmanythanksevenhead【?】舌中部向上鄂抬起，舌端離開(kāi)下齒，舌身自然平展；唇形放松、扁平極為短促的氣流從口腔中沖出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音muchcupsomemoneytouch【?】常見(jiàn)的字母組合o:soncomecolourlovemoneyu:sunnutjumpusbusbrushsupperduckou:touchcousincountry繞口令：Cometothefrontonthedouble./?/舌端離開(kāi)下齒，舌身盡量降低并后縮；雙唇自然成圓形，嘴角有緊繃的感覺(jué)，保持口形不變；一股極為短促的氣流從口腔中沖出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音doghotdoctorwhatwatchwash[?]常見(jiàn)的字母組合o:foxcoffeedogshophotdoctorlongsorrya:watchwhatwash繞口令：Thelittlepotissohot.[?]舌端離開(kāi)下齒，舌后部向軟腭抬起；雙唇圓而小，稍向前突出；極為短促的氣流從口腔中沖出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。goodfootwomanputfullcould[?]常見(jiàn)的字母組合o:womanwolfoo:lookgoodbookfootwoodclassroomu:putfullbulletou:couldshouldwould繞口令：Lookatthecookbook.It’sreallygood.[?]舌端離開(kāi)下齒，舌身平展而放松，舌中部向上顎抬起；雙唇略扁，使嘴微張，舌尖靠近下齒齦，但不貼緊；氣流從口腔中沖出，微振聲帶，發(fā)出此音。motherwintersugardoctorchinaopen/?/常見(jiàn)的字母組合er:teachercleverbrotherdinnerfathersisterrulerar:sugaror:doctora:pandaaboutabovecamerasofaChinae:openure:picture繞口令：Thefarmer’sbrotherisadoctor.[p]-[b]【p】是清輔音舌身自然平放在口腔中，雙唇緊閉，呈不說(shuō)話狀態(tài)，在口腔內(nèi)形成一股氣流；氣流由雙唇迸出，不振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/p/:penmaphelpcheappencilpaperapplehappy【b】是濁輔音舌身自然平放在口腔中，雙唇緊閉，呈不說(shuō)話狀態(tài)，在口腔內(nèi)形成一股氣流；氣流由雙唇迸出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/b/:bagbyboybluerabbitcabbage[t]-[d]【t】是清輔音舌尖輕抵上齒齦，嘴微張；舌與硬腭之間聚集一股氣流；氣流由舌尖和上齒齦之間沖出，同時(shí)，舌尖迅速離開(kāi)上齒齦，不振動(dòng)聲帶。/t/:tentimenottablelittlepretty【d】是濁輔音舌尖輕抵上齒齦，嘴微張；舌與硬腭之間聚集一股氣流；氣流由舌尖和上齒齦之間沖出，同時(shí)，舌尖迅速離開(kāi)上齒齦，振動(dòng)聲帶。/d/:deskdoordaydogdaddymiddle[k]-[g]【k】是清輔音舌后部抬高并使其緊貼軟腭，嘴微張；舌后部與軟腭之間聚集一股氣流；氣流由舌后部和軟腭之間沖出，同時(shí)，舌后部與軟腭迅速別離，不振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/k/:catcomeclockpicturebookbikecakekitelook【g】是濁輔音舌后部抬高并使其緊貼軟腭，嘴微張；舌后部與軟腭之間的氣流由舌后部和軟腭之間沖出，同時(shí)，舌后部與軟腭迅速別離，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/g/:girlbigeggguessgreatgladgameagainglassdogTaskReviewandpreviewFinishyourhomeworkReadthewordsandsentencesaloud作業(yè)校對(duì)：用音標(biāo)給26個(gè)英語(yǔ)字母標(biāo)音AaBbCcDd[e?][bi:][si:][di:]EeFfGgHh[i:][ef][d?i:][e?t?]IiJjKkLlMmNn[a?][d?e?][ke?][e?][em][en]OoPpQqRrSsTt[??][pi:][kju:][ɑ:][es][ti:]UuVvWwXxYyZz[ju:][vi:][’d?b?ju:][eks][wa?][zed]/[zi:]作業(yè)一、寫(xiě)出以下劃線局部字母的發(fā)音，并找出發(fā)音不同的單詞。ABCD()1.pigis dog ship()2.thirty bird her food()3.she big in money()4.teacher sister about girl()5.happy sea sit picture()6.truejumpbuscut()7.bagshortmapflag()8.eggpenheadsmall()9.rabbitgoodwouldfoot()10.ratbatappleten二、寫(xiě)出以下劃線字母的讀音，有一種讀音的在〔〕里畫(huà)☆,有兩種讀音的畫(huà)△,有三種的畫(huà)

()1.hatfastcooklast()2.jeepdoorsunwho()3.dadcaphandwatch()4.starcarcutfrom()5.skirtsheepbirdher三、根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)那么，找出每組中發(fā)[?]的單詞?！病?.ratbedfacesport〔〕2.hearcupfatpear〔〕3.ricebatfingertree〔〕4.seayoungknifeapple四、根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)那么，找出每組中不發(fā)[e]的單詞?！病?.catwelllegpen〔〕2.sweatmappetelephant〔〕3.eggtentalldesk〔〕4.breadheadbedtoy練一練：從B欄找出與A欄對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞或音標(biāo)并連線。1、AB2、ABhurry[baik][θi?]goathurt[keik][d?g]pearlook[?hΛri][g?ut]thingcake[luk][feis]dogbike[h?:t][pe?]face【f】-【v】【f】是清輔音上齒輕觸下唇；氣流從唇與齒之間的空隙泄出，產(chǎn)生一定摩擦；不振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/f/:fivefishfinefamilyfifteenphotophoneelephantlaughenoughoffcoffee【v】是濁輔音上齒輕觸下唇；氣流從唇與齒之間的空隙泄出，產(chǎn)生一定摩擦；振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/v/:veryfivehaveofleavevoicevisitvisitorthemselves【s】-【z】【s】是清輔音舌尖接近上齒齦，舌尖與上齒齦之間的距離較?。粴饬鲝纳囝^與硬腭和齒齦之間摩擦而出；不振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/s/:nicecitycyclesitsixsomebususeusdeskbooksmissclass【z】是濁輔音舌尖接近上齒齦，舌尖與上齒齦之間的距離較?。粴饬鲝纳嗉馀c齒齦之間摩狹縫中擦而出，吐氣較弱；振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/z/:ishispleasemusiclosehusbandapplesleavesthievesknivessizeexerciseprizezooreason【θ】-【e】【θ】是清輔音將舌尖略微伸出，放在上下齒之間，使舌尖兩面輕觸上下齒；氣流從舌和齒間流出，但口腔內(nèi)各部位保持不動(dòng)；不振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/θ/:threethankmonththinthoughtthreethrowtoothteethsouthnorthmonthmouththrough【e】是濁輔音將舌尖略微伸出，放在上下齒之間，使舌尖兩面輕觸上下齒；氣流從舌和齒間流出，但口腔內(nèi)各部位保持不動(dòng)；振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/e/:thisthewiththanbreathethoughmotherfathertherethatthesethose【??】【??】是雙元音口形由【?】向【?】的舌位滑動(dòng)，【?】發(fā)得響亮，【?】發(fā)得模糊短促；唇形從扁平到略圓，舌位由低到高；氣流從口腔中沖出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。ago,nose,rose,hope,boat,coat,tomorrow,kilo,know,piano,yellow,grow,bowl,own,show,low,cold【u?】【u?】是雙元音由【u】很快滑向【?】，【u】發(fā)得清晰響亮，【?】發(fā)得短促；唇形由圓形到扁平，舌位由高到低；氣流從口腔中沖出。振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。poor,sure,tour,tourist,jewel,cruel,Europe【i?】【i?】是雙元音是從【i】向【e】的舌位滑動(dòng)，【i】發(fā)得清楚響亮，【e】發(fā)得模糊短促；唇形扁平，舌位由到上下；氣流從從口腔中沖出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。ear,deer,here,tear,beer,theater,museum,clear,cheer,appear,serious,fear,near,engineer【??】【??】是雙元音由【?】很快滑向【?】，發(fā)【?】時(shí)舌尖靠近下齒，唇形由扁平到自然，舌位由低到高；氣流從口腔中沖出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。pair,air,chair,hair,fair,square,care,there,bear,where,wear,their【i?】【i?】是雙元音是從【i】向【e】的舌位滑動(dòng)，【i】發(fā)得清楚響亮，【e】發(fā)得模糊短促；唇形扁平，舌位由到上下；氣流從從口腔中沖出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。ear,deer,here,tear,beer,theater,museum,clear,cheer,appear,serious,fear,near,engineer【??】【??】是雙元音由【?】很快滑向【?】，發(fā)【?】時(shí)舌尖靠近下齒，唇形由扁平到自然，舌位由低到高；氣流從口腔中沖出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。pair,air,chair,hair,fair,square,care,there,bear,where,wear,their【?i】【?i】是雙元音從【?】向【i】的舌位滑動(dòng)，【?】發(fā)得清楚響亮，【i】發(fā)得模糊短促；唇形由圓形變成扁平，舌位由低到高；氣流從口腔中沖出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。boy,toy,coin,oil,boil,noise,point,joy,join,enjoy,voice,choice【ei】【ei】是雙元音由【e】很快滑向【i】，【e】發(fā)得清楚響亮，【i】發(fā)得短促；唇形由扁平到自然，舌位由高到低；氣流從口腔中沖出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。table,radio,take,make,same,play,great,stay,day,say,may,place,space,eight,wait,maybe,pain,save,way,always,gray,afraid【ai】【ai】是雙元音從【a】向【i】的舌位滑動(dòng)，【a】發(fā)得清楚響亮，【i】發(fā)得模糊短促；唇形扁平，由大到小，舌位由低到高；氣流從口腔中沖出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。I,kite,bike,white,five,knife,rice,write,time,nine,eye,sky,pie,lie,die,light,right,night,fly,my,mind,quite,cry,buy,fine【a?】【a?】是雙元音由【a】滑向【?】，【a】發(fā)得響亮，【?】發(fā)得短促；唇形由扁平到圓形，由小到大，舌位由低到高；氣流從口腔中沖出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。house,how,now,down,out,mouse,flower,sound,mountain,count,hour,ground,found,round,brown,crowdTaskReviewandpreviewFinishyourhomeworkReadthewordsandsentencesaloudPreparefortheexam作業(yè)一、根據(jù)音標(biāo)，填寫(xiě)正確的單詞。Applefeetbearkeepheadwhitedeskelephantlampmouse/be?//wait//??pl//ki:p//hed//?elif?nt//maus//fi:t//desk//l?mp/二、找出畫(huà)線局部讀音不同的單詞，并寫(xiě)出劃線局部的音標(biāo)()1.A.teaB.meatC.weatherD.beach()2.A.backB.fastC.haveD.map()3.A.warmB.gardenC.marketD.party()4.A.schoolB.toothC.chooseD.good()5.A.bookB.moodyC.lookD.cook()6.A.JuneB.rulerC.putD.menu()7.A.pushB.funC.sunD.ugly()8.A.tigerB.herC.officerD.over()9.A.goB.noC.coldD.hot()10.A.likeB.lionC.pizzaD.Friday()11.A.cakeB.faceC.appleD.late()12.A.meB.legC.bedD.set()13.A.hutB.rulerC.duckD.cup()14.A.clockB.hotC.goD.sockeadB.deadC.deafD.sea()16.A.little B.thing C.white D.with三、選出劃線字母正確讀音1、toyA./??/B./e?/C./a?/2、hereA./?/B./??/C./??/3、stairA./e?/B./?/C./e?/4、ourA./?/B./??/C./a?/5、rideA./?/B./a?/C./α:/6、speakA./?/B./??/C./i:/7、tallA./?/B./e?/C./?:/8、carA./α:/B./?/C./?:/9、skirtA./?:/B./?:/C./?/10、coldA./?/B./??/C./?/Shesellsseashellsbytheseashore.Theshellsshesellsaresurelyseashells.Ifshesellshellsbytheseashore,I’msureshesellsseashoreshells.練一練：找出所給單詞劃線字母與其他三個(gè)讀音不同的單詞?！病?.A.cakeB.nameC.gradeD.hat〔〕2.A.heB.bedC.legD.get〔〕3.A.homeB.noseC.goD.not〔〕4.A.duckB.busC.blueD.mug〔〕5.A.niceB.bigC.sixD.Miss找出劃線局部發(fā)音不同的選項(xiàng)1、A.coldB.oldC.homeD.sorry2、A.playB.gameC.taxiD.name3、A.townB.toyC.ourD.cow4、A.thisB.rideC.whiteD.bike5、A.smallB.appleC.walkD.horse6、A.hereB.girlC.skirtD.shirt7、A.readB.beeC.pleaseD.sweater8、A.redB.seeC.sheD.we9、A.hasB.bananaC.taxiD.bag10、A.nearB.pearC.stairD.chair【?】-【?】【?】是清輔音舌葉接近上齒齦后部與硬腭前部，雙唇略突出；氣流從舌身與硬腭前部之間，通過(guò)齒齦和舌尖之間流出；不振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/?/:sheshoeshortshopwashsureAsiaspecialdelicious【?】是濁輔音舌葉接近上齒齦后部與硬腭前部，雙唇略突出；氣流從舌身與硬腭前部之間，通過(guò)齒齦和舌尖之間流出；振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/?/:usuallytelevisionpleasuregarage【t?】-【d?】【t?】是清輔音舌尖抵住上齒齦，然后舌尖與上齒慢慢分開(kāi)，讓氣流從它們之間的狹縫中摩擦而出；唇形從自然張開(kāi)過(guò)度到的略微突出；不振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/t?/:chairmuchlunchChinawatchpicturequestionteachrichfutureeachreach【d?】是濁輔音舌尖抵住上齒齦，然后舌尖與上齒慢慢分開(kāi)，讓氣流從它們之間的狹縫中摩擦而出；唇形從自然張開(kāi)過(guò)度到的略微突出；振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/d?/:agepagehugeorangebridgejudgejumpjacketjustsandwich【ts】-【dz】【ts】是清輔音舌端抵住上齒齦，形成阻礙；舌端略下降，氣流隨即沖出口腔，摩擦成音；不振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/ts/:shirtshurtscoatscostsgoatsLet’skitesgatesdates【dz】是濁輔音舌端抵住上齒齦，形成阻礙；舌端略下降，氣流隨即沖出口腔，摩擦成音；振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/dz/:bedsbirdshandsfriendsdecides【tr】-【dr】【tr】是清輔音舌尖向上卷起，抵在上齒齦后部；雙唇收?qǐng)A，稍向前突出，氣流沖破舌尖和齒齦之間的阻礙，不振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/tr/:treetriptrytruetruthtrain【dr】是濁輔音舌尖向上卷起，抵在上齒齦后部；雙唇收?qǐng)A，稍向前突出，氣流沖破舌尖和齒齦之間的阻礙，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/dr/:dressdrivehundredchildrendrinkdrydrawdream半元音【j】-【w】【j】：舌前部向硬腭抬起，舌位高，雙唇向兩旁伸展成扁平狀；氣流從抬起的舌身與硬腭之間通過(guò)，產(chǎn)生摩擦；振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/j/:yesyouyearyellowyoungonionreviewEurope【w】：舌后部向軟腭抬起，舌位高，雙唇呈圓形并突出；氣流從抬起的后舌與軟腭之間的間隙通過(guò)，產(chǎn)生摩擦；振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/w/:wewindowworkwalkwhatwhywherewhite舌側(cè)音【l】-【r】【l】：舌尖抵住上齒齦，舌身前高后低，氣流從舌頭兩邊流出；振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/l/:letlookpleaselakepeopletellfulltallbell【r】：將舌尖卷起，停在口腔中央，不要貼口腔任何部位；雙唇稍微向外突出，不要太用力；氣流由舌面和硬腭之間流出，振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/r/:redrightthreesorryworryhurrycarrycarrotwritewrong喉音【h】【h】是清輔音雙唇張開(kāi)，舌身平放于口腔中，并使其保持輕松狀態(tài)；氣流通過(guò)聲門(mén)時(shí)發(fā)生輕微摩擦，然后從口腔泄出；不振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/h/:heherhavehandheadhairwhowhomwhosehardhomehelloTaskReviewandpreviewReadthewordsandsentencesaloudPrepareforyourexam【m】是鼻音雙唇閉攏，舌部平放，呈不說(shuō)話狀態(tài)；氣流由鼻腔；振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/m/:manmeatmeettimecommonclimblambautumn【n】是鼻音舌尖輕觸上齒齦，舌葉輕碰硬腭，嘴微張；氣流由鼻腔流出；振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/n/:nameniceninenearunderknowknifeonion【?】是鼻音舌后部緊貼軟腭，嘴微張；氣流由鼻腔流出；振動(dòng)聲帶，發(fā)出此音。/?/:singlongyoungmorningthankthinkinkpinkEnglish復(fù)習(xí)課一、全部48個(gè)音標(biāo)的讀音和寫(xiě)法二、26個(gè)英語(yǔ)字母的發(fā)音三、元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u，英語(yǔ)中有20個(gè)元音和28個(gè)輔音四、[i:]：threetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseekeatteameatleaveleadteacherteammeanspeakcleanpleaseheshemepieceA:Teaorcoffee?B:TeaforLeeandcoffeeforme,please.[ε:]：girlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbirdturnburnnurseThursdaylearnearnearthheardtermhernerdservewormworkworldTheearlybirdcatchesthewormfirst.[a:]：grassglassclassplantdancefastlasthalfcarstararmparkMarchhardgardendarklaughauntheartIt’sfartothefarmfromthepark.[?:]：smallwalltalktallhallballcallwalkshortmorehorseforfortysportdoorfloorstoreauthorcaughtautumnfourmourncourtboughtwarmquarterMydaughterisforty-four.[u:]:foodmoonroomgloombroomdoomgoosetoothdoshoetwotruebluefullHowdoyoudo?Youlookedreallycool.【i】:isEnglishpigfishfifteensixshipbehindjacketbasketballhappyheavybusysunnystudytwentywindyrainymonkeymoneybusyHislittlesisterissittinginthemiddle.[e]:eggdesklegredpettenpenbreadheadbreakfastagainsaidGood,better,best.Neverletitrest.【?】:dadhatcapbagcatcanbadapplebaghandblackhasstandmap復(fù)習(xí)課/?/：soncomecolourmoneysunjumpusbussupperduckcountryCometothefrontonthedouble./?/：foxcoffeedogshophotdoctorlongsorrywatchwhatwashThelittlepotissohot./?/：womanlookgoodbookfootclassroomputcouldshouldLookatthecookbook.It’sreallygood./?/：teacherbrotherdinnerfathersisterrulersugardoctorpandaChinaopenpictureThefarmer’sbrotherisadoctor./p/:penmaphelpcheappencilpaperapplehappy/b/:bagbyboybluerabbitcabbage/t/:tentimenottablelittle/d/:deskdoordaydogdaddymiddle/k/:catcomeclockpicturebookbikecakekitelook/g/:gir