浙江強(qiáng)基聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月統(tǒng)測英語試題 Word版含解析

浙江強(qiáng)基聯(lián)盟2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三年級(jí)10月聯(lián)考英語試題考生須知:1.本試題卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級(jí)、姓名、考場號(hào)、座位號(hào)及準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)。3.所有答案必須寫在答題卷上，寫在試卷上無效。4.考試結(jié)束后，只需上交答題卷。選擇題部分第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.WhatwillMarydoonOctober1st?A.Attendawedding.B.Goonabusinesstrip.C.Visitherfamily.2.Whatdoesthewomanhopethemancandoforher?A.Meetaclient.B.Translateadocument.C.Preparemeetingmaterials.3.Whenwouldthemanliketogoshopping?A.OnSaturday.B.OnSunday.C.OnMonday.4.Whydoesthemantalktothewoman?A.Toquithisjob.B.Toaskforleave.C.Toaskaboutaposition.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Anaccident.B.Animpressiveperson.C.Acaradvertisement.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Makeareservation.B.Confirmareservation.C.Changeareservation.7.HowmanypeoplewillgotodinneronSunday?A.6.B.10.C.12.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.WhichplacedidJulievisitinAustralia?A.TheSydneyOperaHouse.B.TheSydneyHarbourBridge.C.TheGreatBarrierReef.9.HowwastheweatherinAustraliamostofthetimewhenJuliewasthere?A.Hot.B.Wet.C.Cool.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inacafe.B.AtPaul’shouse.C.AtBetty’shouse.11.WhatwillPauldothisweekend?A.Gotoaparty.B.Gotothebeach.C.Payavisittohisfriends.12.WhatgiftdoesPaulsuggestBettybring?A.Flowers.B.Abottleofwine.C.Acake.13.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Joepreferflowerstoanythingelse.B.Pauldidn’tacceptJoe’sinvitation.C.Bettycan’tgototheparty.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whoisprobablytheman?A.Adesigner.B.Ajeweler.C.Ahost.15.Wherearethespeakers?A.InMontreal.B.InNovaScotia.C.InTokyo.16.WhatmajordidShirlytakeinherfreshmanyear?A.Art.B.English.C.JewelryDesign.17.WhatdoesShirlytalkaboutattheendoftheconversation?A.Herjewelrydesigns.B.Hersourcesofinspiration.C.Herfutureplans.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhereisReader’sDigestnowbased?A.InmidtownManhattan.B.InNewYork.C.InWashington.19.HowmanyreadersdoesGlobaleditionsofReader’sDigestattract?A.21million.B.40million.C.49million.20.WhatwasthesloganofAmericaneditionReader’sDigestin2008?A.“LifeWellShared.”B.“AmericaInYourPocket.”C.“Reader’sDigestLargePrint.”第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A1840’sOriginalKAZOOWhatisakazoo?Kazoo(卡祖笛)isaveryspecialwindinstrumentwhichhumsthroughthehumanvoiceandenhancesthesound,similartothesaxophone.PlayingKazoodoesn’tneedtolearnmusictheory,recitemusicscores,orevenpractice.Kazoomaysoundlikeasaxophoneandtrumpet.Itisoftenplayedwhenaguestiswelcomed.KazooHistoryTheKazoorootsdatebacktoAfricawheretheywereoriginallyusedforsacredceremonies,althoughtheexactpurposeisstillamysterytoall.Later,theKazoowasusedtodriveawayenemies,notasamusicalinstrument.Howtoplay?Kazoohasasimplestructure.Thefluteisbigatoneendandsmallattheother.Whenplaying,youshouldholdthebigheadinyourmouthwithoutblowing,buthumatunewithyourthroat.Thevibrationofthevocalcorddrivesthevibrationofthesoundfilmontheflutetomakeasound.Forbeginners,“doo-doo”isaperfectattempt.RememberDON’TBLOW-HUM.MaintenanceItisrecommendedtokeepyourKazoocleananddry.Excessivesaliva(唾液)doesnotdothetinmuchgood.Alsofoodintakemustbeconsidered.Beer,garlic,chillihaveastrangeeffectonthesound,butdon’tbeanxious.Somepeopleevenprefertheseeffects.Fromtimetotimethemembrane(薄膜)mayneedreplacingthroughexcessivewearordampness.Whenremovingtheoldone,youshouldn’tuseanymechanicaltoolsoritwouldharmitsfurtheruse.Asforsubstitution,itisapieceofcakeasyoujustneedtocutapieceofwaxedpaperthesizeoftheholeandscrewbackthecap.1.WhatcanweinferabouttheKazoo?A.Itsharesasimilarworkingprinciplewithtrumpet.B.ProfessionaltrainingfortheKazooisnotnecessarilyrequired.C.TheAfricansintroducedittothemusicalfield.D.Replacingthemembranefrequentlycanimproveitslife.2.WhichofthefollowingissuggestedforKazooplayersaccordingtothepassage?A.Blowatunewithyourthroat. B.Havegarlicbeforeyourperformance.C.Storeitinabasement. D.Avoidusingscissorstoremovetheoldmembrane.3.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroduceauniqueinstrument.B.TopersuadeustobuyourownKazoo.C.ToexplaintheKazoo’sculturalvalue.D.TostresstheimportanceofusingKazooproperly.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹了一種獨(dú)特的樂器：卡祖笛?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“PlayingKazoodoesn’tneedtolearnmusictheory,recitemusicscores,orevenpractice.(演奏卡祖笛不需要學(xué)習(xí)音樂理論、朗誦樂譜或者進(jìn)行練習(xí))”可知，演奏卡祖笛不需要學(xué)習(xí)音樂理論、朗誦樂譜或者進(jìn)行練習(xí)，也就是不需要專業(yè)培訓(xùn)。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Fromtimetotimethemembrane(薄膜)mayneedreplacingthroughexcessivewearordampness.Whenremovingtheoldone,youshouldn’tuseanymechanicaltoolsoritwouldharmitsfurtheruse.(由于過度磨損或潮濕，薄膜可能需要偶爾更換，拆除舊的薄膜時(shí)，你不應(yīng)該使用機(jī)械工具，否則會(huì)損壞卡祖笛。)”可知，更換薄膜時(shí)不應(yīng)使用機(jī)械工具，否則會(huì)損壞卡祖笛。因此，應(yīng)該避免使用剪刀更換薄膜，故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章每段的小標(biāo)題“Whatisakazoo?(什么是卡祖笛？)”“KazooHistory(卡祖笛歷史)”“Howtoplay?(如何演奏？)”“Maintenance(保養(yǎng))”可知，文章的主要目的是對(duì)卡祖笛進(jìn)行簡要介紹，包括卡祖笛是什么樣的，其歷史、演奏方法和保養(yǎng)方法，故選A。BTiredofthebusyandchaoticlifeinLasVegas,Nevadafornearlytenyears,myfamilyandIdecidedtoslowthingsdown.Wewantedtoleadanenvironmental-friendlylife.Noneofusfeltthatthiscouldbeaccomplishedwherewewerelivingandweallagreedthatamovetothecountrywouldbegreatforeveryone.BeforelongwesetaboutlookingforahomeinYucca,Arizona,averysmalltownoflessthan1,000people.WhenIcalledtoinquireabouttheproperty,Iwasinformedthattherewasnoelectricityavailableinthearea.What?Noelectricity?Ialmostdeniedtheideaimmediately.Butwhatbetterwayistheretogogreen?Aftergivingitasecondthought,wedecidedtoputinanofferandmovedinonThanksgivingDay.Whenwefirstmovedtotheproperty,wedidsomeremodeling(改造)andstayedinourmotorhome.Wewereconfrontedwithrealchallengesatthetime.Butthefrustrationsjustmadeusworkharder.Weslowlygotthingsfixedandmovedintothehouseafter38days.Whilelivinghereforthepastfourmonthshasbeenabigadjustment,therearemanybenefitstolivingoffthegrid(電線).Ithinkoneofthemosteducationallessonsisteachingmykidstheimportanceofconservation.Theyusedtotakewater,powerandgasforgranted.Westartedtakingquickershowers,doingonlyfullloadsoflaundry,turningoffthewaterwhilebrushingourteeth.Inaddition,wearealsotryingtomakeotherchangeswhichincludereducingtheamountoftrashwegeneratebyrecycling,growingourownorganicvegetablesandre-purposingthingsthatwewouldnormallythrow.Overall,goingoffthegridhasbeengreatforourfamily.Ihopethatoncemykidsmoveoutofthehouse,theywillkeepthehabitsthattheyhavelearnedbylivingoffthegrid.4.Whydidthefamilymovetoaremotetown?A.Financialdebtforcedthemtosavemoremoney.B.Havinganewlifestylehasbecomeatrend.C.Theyreachedanagreementtoleadagreenlife.D.Theygotadiscountonapropertyaccidentally.5.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhensheknewthepropertywasnon-electricity?A.Satisfied. B.Astonished. C.Relieved. D.Refreshed.6.Whentheauthor’skidslookedbackonthelifeoffthegrid,theywouldrecallthelessonthat_______.A.savingresourcesmakesadifference B.lifeisbeyondourexpectationC.citychaoswilldisappearsoonerorlater D.repairthehousebeforeitrains7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Howurgentitwastoleadanenvironmental-friendlylife.B.Howafamilyofurban-residentsswitchedtoasimplelife.CHowsignificantitwastobetteradapttoanewenvironment.D.Howacarbon-freelifestylehasbeenpromotedtothecountry.【答案】4C5.B6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者一家從繁忙喧囂的拉斯維加斯搬到了亞利桑那州一個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)小鎮(zhèn)的經(jīng)歷。他們希望過一種更加自給自足的生活，體驗(yàn)綠色環(huán)保?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TiredofthebusyandchaoticlifeinLasVegas,Nevadafornearlytenyears,myfamilyandIdecidedtoslowthingsdown.Wewantedtoleadanenvironmental-friendlylife.”（厭倦了近十年來在內(nèi)華達(dá)州拉斯維加斯忙碌而混亂的生活，我和家人決定放慢節(jié)奏。我們想過一種環(huán)保的生活。）以及第二段“Noneofusfeltthatthiscouldbeaccomplishedwherewewerelivingandweallagreedthatamovetothecountrywouldbegreatforeveryone.”（我們都覺得在我們住的地方不可能做到這一點(diǎn)，我們都認(rèn)為搬到鄉(xiāng)下對(duì)每個(gè)人來說都是件好事。）可知，這家人搬到一個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)的小鎮(zhèn)是因?yàn)樗麄兌家恢峦膺^綠色生活。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“WhenIcalledtoinquireabouttheproperty,Iwasinformedthattherewasnoelectricityavailableinthearea.What?Noelectricity?Ialmostdeniedtheideaimmediately.”（當(dāng)我打電話詢問物業(yè)情況時(shí)，我被告知該地區(qū)沒有電。怎么啦？沒有電？我?guī)缀躐R上就否認(rèn)了這個(gè)想法。）可推知，當(dāng)作者知道房子沒有電的時(shí)候，她是感到驚訝的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Overall,goingoffthegridhasbeengreatforourfamily.Ihopethatoncemykidsmoveoutofthehouse,theywillkeepthehabitsthattheyhavelearnedbylivingoffthegrid.”（總的來說，離開電網(wǎng)對(duì)我們家來說是件好事。我希望，一旦我的孩子們搬出去，他們會(huì)保持他們在遠(yuǎn)離電網(wǎng)的生活中養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣。）可知，作者教育孩子節(jié)約用水、電和氣體的重要性，希望他們能保持這種習(xí)慣。因此，他們將回想起這個(gè)教訓(xùn)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段“TiredofthebusyandchaoticlifeinLasVegas,Nevadafornearlytenyears,myfamilyandIdecidedtoslowthingsdown.Wewantedtoleadanenvironmental-friendlylife.”（厭倦了近十年來在內(nèi)華達(dá)州拉斯維加斯忙碌而混亂的生活，我和家人決定放慢節(jié)奏。我們想過一種環(huán)保的生活。）可知，整篇文章講述了作者一家如何從城市搬到鄉(xiāng)村，過一種自給自足、沒有電線的生活，即一家城市居民家庭如何轉(zhuǎn)向簡單的生活。故選B項(xiàng)。CIncludingajokeinthetitleofapapercouldpayoffintermsofcitations(引用),accordingtoastudy.Thefinding—whichhasnotbeenprovedbypeers—suggeststhatresearcherscouldgaincitationsbygivingtheirpapersamusingtitleswhilesomesaytheevidenceistooweaktosupporttheconclusion.Jokessometimesfindtheirwayintoacademicpapers.“Oneplacewhereweoftenseehumorisintitles,butthere’saverysmallamountofliteratureaboutwhetherthisisreasonable,”saysleadauthorStephenHeard,anevolutionaryecologist.Toinvestigatewhetherhavingafunnytitlecouldboostapaper’sreadershipandcitations,Heardandhiscolleaguesaskedvolunteerstoscorethetitlesof2,439papersaccordingtohowamusingtheywere.Thescorersassessedhumoronaseven-pointscale,fromzero(serioustitles)tosix(extremelyfunny).Theresearchersthenlookedforalinkbetweenpapers’humorscoresandthenumberofcitationstheyhadreceived,includingself-citationsbytheirownauthors.Paperswithfunnytitleswerecitedslightlylessoftenthanthosewithmoreseriousorstraightforwardtitles.However,paperswithmoreamusingtitlesalsotendedtohavefewerself-citations,whichledHeard’steamtoinferthatscientistsmightgivefunniertitlestolessimportantpapers.“Ourassumptionisthatauthorsdon’tcitetheirownpaperssubsequentlybecausetheydon’tthinkthatthosearetheirmostimportantpapers,”Heardsays.Aftercontrollingforself-citationsasameasureofapaper’simportance,theresearchersfoundthatarticleswithfunnytitlesareinfactcitedmorethanthosewithserioustitles.Forexample,paperswithtitlesthatgotascoreofsixhadnearlytwiceasmanycitationsonaverageasthosewhosetitlesgotahumorscoreoffour.Butsomeresearchersarguedthatself-citationsmightnotbeagoodcriterionforapaper’simportance.8.Thefindingofthestudycanbebestdescribedas_________accordingtothefirstparagraph.A.awidelyacceptedbelief. B.somethingsurprising.C.awhollyresistedopinion. D.somethingstillindebate.9.Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthefirststageofthestudy?A.Byenquiringaboutvolunteers’attitudestowardfunnytitles.B.Byaskingparticipantstodividethosetitlesintosevenranks.C.Bymatchingthepapers’scoreswiththevolunteers’likes.D.Bydigitalizingthecitationsintovariousscoresofhumor.10.WhichofthefollowingstatementswillHeardmostprobablyagreewith?A.Includingajokeinanessayisbynomeansagoodattempt.B.Self-citationsdon’tserveasagoodstandardfortheresearch.C.Articleswithfewerself-citationstendtobeunimportanttotheauthors.D.Scientistsshouldstoptheirself-citationstoguaranteeacademicfairness.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.OneCitesHimself:ARiseToFame B.FunnyOrSerious:ItServesYourChoiceC.AreYouJoking:FunnyTitlesAreGood D.JokingPaperTitles:FewerCitationsOrMore【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了學(xué)術(shù)論文標(biāo)題中包含笑話是否會(huì)增加引用次數(shù)的一項(xiàng)研究?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thefinding—whichhasnotbeenprovedbypeers—suggeststhatresearcherscouldgaincitationsbygivingtheirpapersamusingtitleswhilesomesaytheevidenceistooweaktosupporttheconclusion.(這一尚未得到同行證實(shí)的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，研究人員可以通過給論文起有趣的標(biāo)題來獲得引用，而有些人則認(rèn)為證據(jù)太弱，無法支持這一結(jié)論)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)并未被同行證實(shí)，有些同行認(rèn)為證據(jù)不足，因而研究成果還存在爭議。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Toinvestigatewhetherhavingafunnytitlecouldboostapaper’sreadershipandcitations,Heardandhiscolleaguesaskedvolunteerstoscorethetitlesof2,439papersaccordingtohowamusingtheywere.(為了調(diào)查一個(gè)有趣的標(biāo)題是否能提高論文的讀者和引用率，赫德和他的同事們讓志愿者們根據(jù)標(biāo)題的有趣程度給2439篇論文的標(biāo)題打分)”可知，研究者在研究的起始階段讓志愿者對(duì)論文標(biāo)題的趣味性進(jìn)行評(píng)分。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“However,paperswithmoreamusingtitlesalsotendedtohavefewerself-citations,whichledHeard’steamtoinferthatscientistsmightgivefunniertitlestolessimportantpapers.(然而，標(biāo)題更有趣的論文往往也有更少的自我引用，這讓赫德的團(tuán)隊(duì)推斷，科學(xué)家可能會(huì)給不太重要的論文起更有趣的標(biāo)題)”可知，Heard的團(tuán)隊(duì)推斷，科學(xué)家可能會(huì)給不太重要的論文起更有趣的標(biāo)題，因?yàn)檫@些論文的自我引用次數(shù)較少。由此推知，Heard可能會(huì)同意自我引用次數(shù)較少的文章對(duì)作者來說可能不太重要。故選C。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Includingajokeinthetitleofapapercouldpayoffintermsofcitations(引用),accordingtoastudy.(根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，在論文標(biāo)題中加入一個(gè)笑話可以在引用方面獲得回報(bào))”及全文可知，文章主要討論了一項(xiàng)研究，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，帶有趣標(biāo)題的論文在控制了自我引用次數(shù)后，實(shí)際上被引用的次數(shù)更多。由此可知，D項(xiàng)“JokingPaperTitles:FewerCitationsOrMore(戲謔的的論文標(biāo)題：引用少還是多)”能概括文章的整體內(nèi)容，適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。DExpectingtheworsttoavoidfeelingbadlaterisknownas“bracing”.Itmayhelpthemprepareforemotionallychallengingsituations,particularlyinthemomentsbeforethesesituationsoccur.Peoplebracefortheworstwhilewaitingforpotentiallynegativeoutcomes.Someonemightalsobracefortheworstinanticipationofstressfuleventslikegivingapresentationatwork.Somepsychologicaltheoriessuggestthatbracingshouldhelp.Forexample,“decisionaffecttheory”proposesthathowwefeelaboutasituationisdeterminedpartlybycomparingwhatactuallyhappenedwithwhatcouldhavehappened.Basedonthis,peopleshouldbehappywhenaneventgoesbeyondtheirexpectations,anddisappointedwhenaneventfallsbehind.Therefore,byanticipatingtheworst,onecansafeguardthemselvesagainstfuturedisappointment,asanyresultislikelytosurpasstheirexpectations.Butotherpsychologicaltheoriesunderminetheideathatbracingwillbehelpful.Ithasbeentheorizedandscientificallyestablished–thatexpectationscanpowerfullyinfluencereality.Therearetwokeywaysthatexpectationscanshapereality.First,peoplemaybehaveinwaysthatfitwiththeirexpectations.Ifyouexpecttofailanupcomingtestorinterview,thenyoumightnotinvesteffortsinpreparation,whichinturnreducesyourchancesofdoingwell.Second,peoplemayinterpretasituationinlinewiththeirexpectations.Imagineyoubelieveyouareinsufficientlyqualifiedforajobyou’veappliedfor.Duringthejobinterview,you’relikelytointerpretblankexpressionsfromtheinterviewerinlinewiththisbelief,whichcouldnegativelyaffectyourperformance.Infact,theinterviewerdidnotwanttogiveanythingaway.Drawingtogetherthescientificstudies,itseemsthatexpectingtheworstisanythingbutawisewaytoprepareforupcomingnewsorresults.Itmightbebettertoholdpositiveexpectationsthantobracefortheworst.12.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thelogicofpreparingfortheworst.B.Thetheoryofcomparingpastandfuture.C.Theconflictbetweenpeople’sexpectationandreality.D.Theemotionshiddenbehindanticipatingtheworst.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“undermine”inparagraph3mean?A.Strengthen. B.Determine. C.Oppose. D.Justify.14.Howcannegativeexpectationsprobablyaffectpeople’sperformanceinreality?A.Byresultinginunnecessarytimewaste.B.Bypromotingpeople’sambitionandmotivation.C.Bygivingweighttopeople’spotentialofexcellence.D.Bycausinglesspreparationandsomemisinterpretations.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardbracingfortheworst?A.Unclear. B.Objective. C.Negative. D.Approving.【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。主要介紹了人們對(duì)未來可能發(fā)生的負(fù)面情況進(jìn)行預(yù)期的行為，即“做最壞打算”的心理學(xué)概念，探討了相關(guān)的理論和研究，并認(rèn)為持有積極的期望可能比預(yù)期最壞情況更加有益?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Somepsychologicaltheoriessuggestthatbracingshouldhelp.Forexample,“decisionaffecttheory”proposesthathowwefeelaboutasituationisdeterminedpartlybycomparingwhatactuallyhappenedwithwhatcouldhavehappened.Basedonthis,peopleshouldbehappywhenaneventgoesbeyondtheirexpectations,anddisappointedwhenaneventfallsbehind.Therefore,byanticipatingtheworst,onecansafeguardthemselvesagainstfuturedisappointment,asanyresultislikelytosurpasstheirexpectations.”（一些心理學(xué)理論認(rèn)為，支撐應(yīng)該有所幫助。例如，“決策影響理論”提出，我們對(duì)一種情況的感受在一定程度上是由實(shí)際發(fā)生的事情與可能發(fā)生的事情的比較決定的?；诖?，當(dāng)一件事超出預(yù)期時(shí)，人們應(yīng)該感到高興，當(dāng)一件事落后時(shí)，人們應(yīng)該感到失望。因此，通過做最壞的打算，人們可以保護(hù)自己免受未來的失望，因?yàn)槿魏谓Y(jié)果都可能超過他們的預(yù)期。）可知，第二段主要講的是做最壞打算的邏輯。故選A項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“Somepsychologicaltheoriessuggestthatbracingshouldhelp.”（一些心理學(xué)理論認(rèn)為，支撐應(yīng)該有所幫助。）以及第三段“Ithasbeentheorizedandscientificallyestablished–thatexpectationscanpowerfullyinfluencereality.”（期望能有力地影響現(xiàn)實(shí)，這已被理論化和科學(xué)地證實(shí)。）可推斷出此處表示意思的轉(zhuǎn)折，即其他心理學(xué)理論“顛覆”（反對(duì)）這種看法，故可猜測劃線單詞undermine為“反對(duì)”的意思，與C項(xiàng)Oppose“反對(duì)”意思一致。故選C項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Ifyouexpecttofailanupcomingtestorinterview,thenyoumightnotinvesteffortsinpreparation,whichinturnreducesyourchancesofdoingwell.Second,peoplemayinterpretasituationinlinewiththeirexpectations.Imagineyoubelieveyouareinsufficientlyqualifiedforajobyou’veappliedfor.Duringthejobinterview,you’relikelytointerpretblankexpressionsfromtheinterviewerinlinewiththisbelief,whichcouldnegativelyaffectyourperformance.”（如果你認(rèn)為自己在即將到來的考試或面試中會(huì)不及格，那么你可能就不會(huì)在準(zhǔn)備工作上投入精力，這反過來又會(huì)降低你取得好成績的機(jī)會(huì)。其次，人們可能會(huì)根據(jù)自己的期望來解釋情況。假設(shè)你認(rèn)為自己不足以勝任你所申請(qǐng)的工作。在求職面試中，你很可能會(huì)把面試官的茫然表情理解為與這種想法一致，這可能會(huì)對(duì)你的表現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。）可知，消極預(yù)期通過減少準(zhǔn)備和一些誤解來影響人們在現(xiàn)實(shí)中的表現(xiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Drawingtogetherthescientificstudies,itseemsthatexpectingtheworstisanythingbutawisewaytoprepareforupcomingnewsorresults.Itmightbebettertoholdpositiveexpectationsthantobracefortheworst.”（綜合這些科學(xué)研究，似乎做最壞的打算絕不是為即將到來的新聞或結(jié)果做準(zhǔn)備的明智方式。與其做最壞的打算，不如保持積極的預(yù)期。）可推知，作者認(rèn)為做最壞的打算，不如保持積極的預(yù)期，作者對(duì)做最壞的打算持有反對(duì)態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分；滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Curiosityispartofhumannature.Childrenarefamousforwantinganswerstotonsofquestions.BooksandTVshowsoftenrelyoncuriosity.Peoplekeepreadingorwatchingbecausetheywanttofindoutwhathappens.____16____Manyofhistory’sgreatestdiscoveriesweremadebycuriouspeople.Peoplewonderedhowprocessesworkedorhowcertaintaskscouldbedonemoreeffectively.Thankstotheircuriosity,peoplenowknowfarmoreabouttheworldandhaveusefultechnologytohelpthem.Evenifyoudon’tplantobeaninventororresearcher,curiositycanstillhelpyouintheclassroom.Ifyoudevelopthejoyoflearning,classwillbemorefun.____17____Evenifyou’renolongerastudent,curiositywillmakeyoubetterinformedandthusamorecapableworker.Whatdoyoudoifyou’renotalreadycurious?____18____Ifyouactlikeyou’recurious,you’llquicklystarttoactuallyfeelcurious.Often,themoreyoulearnaboutatopicthemoreinterestingitbecomes.Asyoulearnaboutatopic,gatherinformationfromasmanysourcesaspossible.Readavarietyofbooks,watchorlistentolecturesandaskquestions.____19____Instead,learntoappreciatefactsthatdifferentpeopleknowandthedifferentopinionsthattheyexpress.Don’tassumeyoualreadyknowwhatyouneedtoknow.Instead,searchforalternatepossibilitiesandpointsofview.____20____Remember,everyoneknowssomethingthatyoudon’t.Findoutwhatthatis,andaskaboutit.Thisletsyoulearnsomethingandmakestheotherpersonhappybylettingthemshowofftheirknowledge.Intheclassroomoroutofit,developingcuriosityissuretobeworthwhile.A.Askalotofquestions.B.Butcuriosityalsoprovidesmanypracticalbenefits.C.Acceptavarietyofresourcestofeedyourcuriosity.D.Fortunately,curiosityisaskillthatcanbeimproved.E.Don’talwaysgetyourinformationfromthesamesource.F.Curiositydrivestheprocessofdiscoveriesandinnovation.G.Andyou’llexcelbecauseyouwillbefullyengagedintheprocessoflearning.【答案】16.B17.G18.D19.E20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了好奇心的好處以及提高好奇心的方法和策略?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Peoplekeepreadingorwatchingbecausetheywanttofindoutwhathappens.(人們一直閱讀或觀看，因?yàn)樗麄兿胫腊l(fā)生了什么)”以及下文講述了好奇心的好處可知，此處與前文形成對(duì)比，并引出后文好奇心的好處，故B項(xiàng)“但是好奇心也會(huì)帶來一些實(shí)際的好處。”能夠承上啟下，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Evenifyoudon’tplantobeaninventororresearcher,curiositycanstillhelpyouintheclassroom.Ifyoudevelopthejoyoflearning,classwillbemorefun.(即使你不打算成為一個(gè)發(fā)明者和研究者，好奇心也能在課堂上幫助你。如果你培養(yǎng)了學(xué)習(xí)的樂趣，教室就會(huì)變得更加有趣)”可知，此處指出好奇心可以在課堂上幫助你，也解釋了好奇心如何讓學(xué)習(xí)更有趣和投入，此處在說明好奇心帶來的實(shí)際好處，故G項(xiàng)“你會(huì)出類拔萃，因?yàn)槟銜?huì)全身心地投入到學(xué)習(xí)過程中。”能夠承接上文，符合語境。故選G項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whatdoyoudoifyou’renotalreadycurious?(如果你已經(jīng)不再感到好奇了，應(yīng)該怎么做呢？)”可知，此處提出了問題，且空后的內(nèi)容介紹了一些提高好奇心的方法和策略，故D項(xiàng)“幸運(yùn)地是，好奇心是一種可以培養(yǎng)的技能?！蹦軌虺猩蠁⑾拢险Z境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Instead,learntoappreciatefactsthatdifferentpeopleknowandthedifferentopinionsthattheyexpress.(相反，學(xué)會(huì)去欣賞不同的人知道的事實(shí)，以及他們表達(dá)的不同的觀點(diǎn))”可知，此處與下文是對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，故E項(xiàng)“不要總是從相同的渠道獲取資源”能夠銜接下文，符合語境。故選E項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Remember,everyoneknowssomethingthatyoudon’t.Findoutwhatthatis,andaskaboutit.(記住，每個(gè)人都知道一些你不知道的事情，弄清楚它們是什么，并詢問它們是什么)”可知，本段內(nèi)容主要提出培養(yǎng)好奇心的另一個(gè)方法——問問題，故A項(xiàng)“問很多問題。”能夠概括本段大意，適合作本段主旨句，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Ataround3p.m.onMonday,ErinWilsonstoppedatapicnicareaalongHighway299.Shebeganwalkinghertwo-year-oldsheepdog,Eva,alongapathwhenamountainlion____21____andattackedWilson,whoscreamed—catchingthe____22____ofher2-year-oldBelgianMalinois,Eva,whohadbeenwanderingahead,immediatelyreturnedto____23____herowner.Themountainlionthen____24____the55-pounddogandbitontothebodyguard’shead.Wilson____25____withoutsuccesstofightoffthelionwithstones,sosheranuptotheroad,franticallytryingtoflagsomeonedown.SharonHouston,whowasdrivingby,sawWilsonand____26____.Afterlearningaboutthemountainlionattack,without____27____Houstonjumpedoutofhercarwithherpepperspray(噴霧劑)andalsograbbedastick.Thetwowomen____28____tothesceneintheforest,wherethestrugglewasgoingon,withthemountainlionstill____29____toletgoofthedog.Theybothstartedhittingitandyelling_____30_____itfinallysetloosethebleedingdog.Evaeventually_____31_____.Houstonpeppersprayedthemountainlionintheface,anditimmediatelyturnedawayand_____32_____.Evawasgravelyinjured,andWilson_____33_____droveEvatoavet(獸醫(yī)).Afterspendingseveraldaysthere,thedogwas_____34_____.NowEva,lyingonherownbedwithherfavoritetoys,isontheroadto_____35_____.“MydogismyheroandIowehermylife,”Wilsonsaid.21.A.fed B.withdrew C.reacted D.approached22.A.recreation B.attention C.acknowledgement D.recognition23.A.welcome B.follow C.defend D.disturb24.A.turnedon B.turneddown C.turnedover D.turnedinto25.A.managed B.attempted C.escaped D.tended26.A.pulledout B.pulleddown C.pulledup D.pulledon27.A.hesitation B.permission C.confidence D.comparison28.A.adapted B.responded C.hurried D.referred29.A.insisting B.agreeing C.submitting D.refusing30.A.as B.until C.when D.while31.A.woke B.performed C.died D.escaped32.A.showedinterest B.restoredpower C.lostcontrol D.tookflight33.A.peacefully B.patiently C.urgently D.secretly34.A.released B.adopted C.restored D.infected35.A.freedom B.recovery C.happiness D.safety【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.B26.C27.A28.C29.D30.B31.D32.D33.C34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了勇敢的小狗Eva不顧自身安危，勇于保護(hù)主人的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她正帶著她兩歲的牧羊犬Eva沿著一條小路散步，突然一只美洲獅靠近并襲擊了Wilson，Wilson尖叫起來，引起了她兩歲的比利時(shí)瑪利諾犬Eva的注意，它一直在前面徘徊，立即回來保護(hù)她的主人。A.fed喂養(yǎng)；B.withdrew撤回；C.reacted反應(yīng)；D.approached靠近。根據(jù)下文“attackedWilson”可知，一只美洲獅靠近了Wilson。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她正帶著她兩歲牧羊犬Eva沿著一條小路散步，突然一只美洲獅靠近并襲擊了Wilson，Wilson尖叫起來，引起了她兩歲的比利時(shí)瑪利諾犬Eva的注意，它一直在前面徘徊，立即回來保護(hù)她的主人。A.recreation娛樂；B.attention注意力；C.acknowledgement承認(rèn)；D.recognition認(rèn)出。根據(jù)下文“whohadbeenwanderingahead,immediatelyreturnedto____3____herowner.”可知，Wilson的尖叫聲是引起了Eva的注意力，所以立即跑了回來。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她正帶著她兩歲的牧羊犬Eva沿著一條小路散步，突然一只美洲獅靠近并襲擊了Wilson，Wilson尖叫起來，引起了她兩歲的比利時(shí)瑪利諾犬Eva的注意，它一直在前面徘徊，立即回來保護(hù)她的主人。A.welcome歡迎；B.follow追隨；C.defend保護(hù)；D.disturb打擾。根據(jù)下文“Themountainlionthen____4____the55-pounddogandbitontothebodyguard’shead.”可知，Eva是回頭來保護(hù)自己的主人才被美洲獅攻擊。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：然后，美洲獅開始攻擊這只55磅重的狗，咬了它的頭。A.turnedon攻擊；B.turneddown拒絕；C.turnedover滾動(dòng)；D.turnedinto變成。根據(jù)下文“bitontothebodyguard’shead”可知，美洲獅咬了Eva的頭，由此可知，美洲獅開始攻擊Eva。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Wilson試圖用石頭擊退獅子，但沒有成功，所以她跑到路上，瘋狂地試圖讓別人停下來。A.managed設(shè)法；B.attempted嘗試；C.escaped逃避；D.tended傾向于。根據(jù)下文“sosheranuptotheroad,franticallytryingtoflagsomeonedown.”可知，Wilson試圖擊退獅子，但是沒有成功才跑去求助。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：SharonHouston開車經(jīng)過時(shí)看到了Wilson，就把車停了下來。A.pulledout離開；B.pulleddown拆毀；C.pulledup停下；D.pulledon用力拉、穿。根據(jù)下文“Afterlearningaboutthemountainlionattack,without____7____Houstonjumpedoutofhercarwithherpepperspray(噴霧劑)andalsograbbedastick.”可知，Houston看到了Wilson并停下了車。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在得知美洲獅襲擊事件后，Houston毫不猶豫地從車?yán)锾顺鰜恚掷锬弥穱婌F，還拿了一根棍子。A.hesitation猶豫；B.permission許可；C.confidence自信；D.comparison比較。根據(jù)下文“Thetwowomen____8____tothesceneintheforest,wherethestrugglewasgoingon”可知，Houston毫不猶豫地選擇幫助Wilson。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：兩個(gè)女人急忙趕到森林里的現(xiàn)場，那里正在進(jìn)行斗爭，美洲獅仍然拒絕放開狗。A.adapted適應(yīng)；B.responded回復(fù)；C.hurried匆忙；D.referred提及。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，Wilson的小狗正在被美洲獅攻擊，所以兩個(gè)女人應(yīng)該是急忙趕到森林。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：兩個(gè)女人急忙趕到森林里的現(xiàn)場，那里正在進(jìn)行斗爭，美洲