人教版八下英語(yǔ)1-6單元講義

八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講、練（unit1-6）崔老師關(guān)于學(xué)生如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的幾點(diǎn)建議：保持對(duì)英語(yǔ)的濃厚興趣，因?yàn)榕d趣是最好的老師。在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中善于總結(jié)并踐行適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法。英語(yǔ)聽、說(shuō)、讀、寫四大技能齊頭并進(jìn)方可逐漸領(lǐng)會(huì)該語(yǔ)言的靈魂與美感。初中生書寫能力的提高從記憶單詞開始，如下幾種方法可供借鑒：由音及形法（根據(jù)讀音是記單詞）、分類法（分門別類識(shí)記）、聯(lián)想法（由一個(gè)單詞聯(lián)想起眾多形似、音近的單詞）多種感官參與到英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，加深記憶。多聽多說(shuō)，提高聽說(shuō)能力。堅(jiān)持用英語(yǔ)寫日記，持之以恒的將所學(xué)英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用于生活之中。2016年三月份整理Unit1What’sthematter?一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1.What’sthematter?怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】matter/'m?t?(r))/n.問(wèn)題；事情What’sthematterwithyou?=What’sthetroublewithyou?=What’swrongwithyou?你怎么了？【注】：matter和trouble為名詞，其前可加the或形容詞性物主代詞，wrong是adj.不能加the【用法】用于詢問(wèn)某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻煩、問(wèn)題其后跟詢問(wèn)對(duì)象時(shí)，與介詞with連用。即：What’sthematterwithsb.?=What’syourtrouble?=What’sup?=Whathappenstosb.?—What’sthematterwithyou?—Ihaveabadcold.2.Ihadacold.我感冒了。haveacold=catchacold=havetheflu感冒haveafever發(fā)燒haveacough咳嗽haveastomachache胃疼，肚子疼haveatoothache牙疼haveaheadache頭疼3.身體部位+ache（疼痛）構(gòu)成新的復(fù)合詞stomach+ache=stomachachehead+ache=headachetooth+ache=toothacheback+ache=backache后背痛4.muchtoo+形容詞，意為太，toomuch+名詞，意為很多，大量。5.enough【形容、副詞】足夠的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。goodenough足夠好，enoughmoney=muchmoney6.liedown躺下，lie躺，躺著，過(guò)去式lay；lie說(shuō)謊，過(guò)去式lied7.maybe“或許”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybeyouareright.maybe，是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“可能，也許”，后加名詞、代詞或形容詞。Hemaybeangry.soundlike+名詞代詞和從句：Itsoundslikeyoudon’tknowthetruth.Itsoundslikeagoodidea.sound+形容詞，“聽起來(lái)，好像”，Themusicsoundsnice.9.need需要，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞need+名詞，需要某物；needtodosth.需要做某事，主語(yǔ)通常是人，表示人主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作：Youneedtolistencarefullyduringclass.needdoingsth.主語(yǔ)通常是物，表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作：Yourdirtyclothesneedwashing.10.getoff(thebus)下（公交車）geton上車11.agree同意，贊同；agreewithsth.同意某事如：Iagreewiththatidea.agreetosb.同意某人的意見如：IagreetoLiLei.12.trouble問(wèn)題，麻煩；beintrouble遇到麻煩，maketrouble制造麻煩，havetrouble(in)doingsth.=havedifficulties(in)doingsth做有麻煩。13.rightaway=rightnow=atonce，意為馬上。14.advice[不可數(shù)名詞]勸告，建議，向…征求意見，givesb.adviceonsth.就某事給某人建議；advise[動(dòng)詞]advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事advisesb.doingsth.【復(fù)習(xí)】exercise練習(xí)、鍛煉當(dāng)exercise意為“練習(xí)”時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞即可加s當(dāng)exercise意為“鍛煉”時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞即不加s16.hurt及物動(dòng)詞，使……疼痛，……受傷，Hehurthislegwhileexercising.不及物動(dòng)詞，……（部位）疼。Hisleghurtbadly.clean【動(dòng)詞】打掃，cleantheclassroom打掃教室，【形容詞】干凈的，cleaner意為清潔工。18.hit（用手或器具）打；擊打Theboyhitthedogwithastone.hitsb.onthehead/nose/back打某人的頭、鼻子、后背，on用在所打較硬的部位；hitsb.intheface/eye/stomach打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打較軟的部位。19.beusedtosth./doingsth.習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng)了……、做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)；Hisgrandpaisusedtolivinginthecountry/thecountrylife.beusedtodo被用來(lái)（做），表被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Thewoodisusedtomakedesks.Usedtodosth：曾經(jīng)，過(guò)去常常（暗含現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不）Heusedtogetupearly.20.【復(fù)習(xí)】free[形容詞]空閑的freetime；免費(fèi)的thedrinkisforfree；自由的Iwanttobecomeafreebird.free【動(dòng)詞】使……解脫，得到自由：Hecouldnotfreehisarm.runout用完，用盡Whenhiswaterrunout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.物sth.runout.某物用盡了。人sb.runoutofsth.人用盡了某物。Herunoutofallhismoneylastnight.22.risk(sb.)todosth.冒險(xiǎn)去做某事takearisk=takerisks冒險(xiǎn)23.theimportanceof(doing)sth.（做）某事的重要性Westudentsshouldknowtheimportanceof(learning)English.importancen.重要（性），importantadj.重要的，unimportantadj.不重要的decision【名詞】決定；抉擇；makeadecision做決定;makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth.。25.beinthecontrolof…掌管，管理Theheadmasterisinthecontrolofthisnewschool.beoutofcontrol無(wú)法控制，無(wú)法管理beundercontrol被控制住，在控制之中26.【復(fù)習(xí)】mind意為介意，minddoingsth.介意做某事,Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?27.giveup(doing)sth.放棄（做）某事，giveup(playing)computergames；giveup后可接名詞、代詞和動(dòng)詞ing形式，也可不接，如:Nevergiveupeasily.二、重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法【反身代詞】英語(yǔ)中共有八個(gè)反身代詞，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意和它所指的相應(yīng)的對(duì)象在人稱、性別、數(shù)上保持一致。數(shù)人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】1.可用作賓語(yǔ)，指的是賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)表示同一個(gè)或同一些的人或事物。如：Mariaboughtherselfascarf.Wemustlookafterourselvesverywell.2.可用作表語(yǔ)，指的是表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)表示同一個(gè)或同一些人或事物。如：Sheisn’tquiteherselftoday.3.可用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，常用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。如：SheherselfwillflytoLondontomorrow.Imetthewriterhimselflastweek.4.用在某些固定短語(yǔ)當(dāng)中。lookafteroneself/takecareofoneself照顧自己teachoneselfsth./learnsth.byoneself自學(xué)enjoyoneself玩得高興，過(guò)得愉快helponeselftosth請(qǐng)自用……（隨便吃/喝些……）.hurtoneself摔傷自己saytooneself自言自語(yǔ)leavesb.byoneself把某人單獨(dú)留下buyoneselfsth.給自己買……東西introduceoneself介紹……自己

【提醒】1.反身代詞不能單獨(dú)做主語(yǔ)，但可以做主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。如：我自己能完成作業(yè)。（誤）Myselfcanfinishmyhomework.(正)Imyselfcanfinishmyhomework./Icanfinishmyhomeworkmyself.2.反身代詞表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的東西”，因?yàn)樗鼪]有所有格的形式。表達(dá)“某人自己的（東西）”時(shí)，須要用one’sown.如：我用我自己的蠟筆畫畫。（誤）I’mdrawingwithmyselfcrayons.(正)I’mdrawingwithmyowncrayons.Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks一、基本知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.sick生病的，有病的；可在句中作表語(yǔ)Marycouldnotcomebecausesheissick.也可作定語(yǔ)asickchild【區(qū)別ill】ill與sick同義；但是只在句中做表語(yǔ)，不做定語(yǔ)。Marycouldnotcomebecausesheisill.2.cheer(sb.)up（讓某人）變得高興；振奮起來(lái)Thegoodnewscheeredupeveryoneinourclass.3.giveout分發(fā)；散發(fā)，相當(dāng)于handout，Theteacherisgivingout/handingoutthetestpapers.givesth.outtosb.意為把某物分發(fā)給某人。4.volunteer【名詞】志愿者【動(dòng)詞】義務(wù)做，自愿做（某事）volunteertodosth.自愿做某事，Thegirlscouldvolunteerinanafter-schoolstudyprogram.5.usedtodosth.過(guò)去/曾經(jīng)(常)做某事，表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再存在或發(fā)生。Thereusedtobeacinemahere.這里曾有一個(gè)照相機(jī)。Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.他們告訴我關(guān)于這里過(guò)去的故事。6.alone【形容詞】獨(dú)自一人的，無(wú)感情色彩：Themusicianenjoyedlivingaloneandwritingsongshimself.lonely（感到）孤獨(dú)寂寞的，帶有很強(qiáng)的感情色彩，可做表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。Thelonelyboyisnotlonelynow.7.careforsb./sth.照顧；照料……care【名詞】小心，關(guān)心takecareof=lookafter→【動(dòng)詞】careaboutsb./sth.關(guān)心，在意某人/事→【形容詞】careful仔細(xì)的/careless粗心的→【副詞】carefully仔細(xì)地8.such“這樣的，這種，如此”，用于修飾名詞such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞：suchagoodday多么美好的一天/suchanexcitingmatch多么精彩的比賽such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞：suchimportantdecisions多么重要的建議suchdeliciousfood多么美味的食物如果名詞前被many,much,few,little修飾時(shí)，只能用so，而不用such：somanysickchildren/solittletime9.tryoutfor…參加…選拔，爭(zhēng)取成為…ThirtyfootballplayerstriedoutfortheBestPlayeroftheyear.tryout試用，試驗(yàn)10.journey【名詞】（尤指長(zhǎng)途）旅行，行程；trip【名詞】多指短途旅行；travel【名詞、動(dòng)詞】travelaroundtheworld→【名詞】traveler旅行者11.【復(fù)習(xí)】bebusywithsth.忙于（做）什么事情bebusydoingsth.忙于（做）什么事情12.【復(fù)習(xí)】trydoingsth.試著去做某事trytodosth.盡力去做某事tryone’sbest(todosth.)盡某人最大的努力去做某事13.【復(fù)習(xí)】beworriedaboutsb./sth.=worryaboutsb./sth.擔(dān)心某人、某事14.raisemoney集資，籌錢；raisemoneyfor…為……籌錢raise【動(dòng)詞】舉起；提高；募集15.keep【動(dòng)詞】keep+名詞，保留（某物）；keep+形容詞，保持16.【形容詞】broken破損的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聾的；disabled有殘疾的，喪失能力的；在句中做定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。17.makeitpossible(forsb.)todosth.使（某人）做某事成為可能，YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLucky.makeit+形容詞(+forsb.)todosth.使（某人）做某事成為…；think/findit+形容詞todosth.18.makeadifferenceto…對(duì)……有影響；對(duì)……有作用，difference前可以用no,any,some,much等修飾，如Therainmadenodifferencetothegame.Hard-workingmakesmuchdifferencetostudy.19.difficulty【可數(shù)/不可數(shù)】表示抽象意義的“困難”時(shí)為不可數(shù)；表示具體的“難題、難事”時(shí)為可數(shù)；havedifficulty(in)doingsth.=havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困難20.train【動(dòng)詞】訓(xùn)練，trained為過(guò)去分詞，可做定語(yǔ)，意為“受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的”atraineddog21.beexcitedaboutsth.對(duì)某事感到興奮，Everyoneisexcitedaboutthegoodnews.【復(fù)習(xí)】excited意為興奮的，修飾人；exciting意為令人興奮/激動(dòng)的，修飾物。22.order【名詞】命令，指示；順序，次序【動(dòng)詞】訂購(gòu)；點(diǎn)（菜）followtheorder。23.change【動(dòng)詞】變化，改變It’shardforapersontochangehislife(style).【名詞】變化；零錢changeAforB用A換成B：WhenyoutravelinChina,remembertochangeUSdollarsforRMB.24.repair【動(dòng)詞】修理，修補(bǔ)；fix【動(dòng)詞】安裝；使固定【fixup修理=repair】Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)sectionA1.Peter,couldyoupleasetakeoutthetrash?彼得，你能把垃圾倒了嗎？Couldyoupleasedosth?請(qǐng)你（做）好嗎？用于提出請(qǐng)求，希望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答，說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣比較客氣委婉。Could不是can的過(guò)去式，是委婉、禮貌的說(shuō)法?；卮鹩胏an.【常用答語(yǔ)】肯定回答：Sure./Ofcourse./Certainly./Noproblem.否定回答：Sorry,Ican’t2、takeout取出（v+adv）【注】:跟代詞做賓語(yǔ)，代詞放中間；跟名詞做賓語(yǔ)，可放在中間，也可放在后邊Histeethhurtbadly.Thedentisttakethemout.【短語(yǔ)】takeoutthetrash倒垃圾takeawalk散步takeaway拿走，取走takeback收回takeplace發(fā)生takeoff脫下；起飛3.Canyoudothedishes.？那你可以洗盤子嗎？dothedishes洗碗【結(jié)構(gòu)1】dothe+名詞：dothedishes/laundry洗餐具/衣服【結(jié)構(gòu)2】dothe+動(dòng)詞-ingdothecleaning打掃衛(wèi)生【結(jié)構(gòu)3】doone’s+名詞doone’shousework/homework做家務(wù)/家庭作業(yè)【結(jié)構(gòu)4】dosome+動(dòng)詞-ingdosomereading/shopping讀寫書/購(gòu)物4.CouldIatleastfinishwatchingthisshow?至少讓我看完這個(gè)節(jié)目可以嗎？1】CouldIdoasth?我可以做嗎？用于表達(dá)請(qǐng)求，語(yǔ)氣比較委婉。CouldIgooutwithmyclassmatethisweekend?2】atleast至少，多指數(shù)量或程度上的最低限度。(反)atmost至少，不超過(guò)Nowallofusexerciseatleastanhouradayandoutsideschool.3】finishv結(jié)束；完成finishdoingsth做完某事—Canyoufinish__reading__thesebooksbefore10o'clock?—Yes,Ican.5、IthinktwohoursofTVisenoughforyou!我覺得你看兩個(gè)小時(shí)的電視已經(jīng)足夠了。1】twohoursofTV表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、度量等詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常被視作整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。adjHowtimeisflies!Threeyears__is_____(be)reallyashorttime.adj足夠的，充分的（在句中作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)）adv【解析2】enoughadv足夠地；充分地（放在形容詞；副詞后）Theriverisdeepenoughforswimming.【記】Mr.Smithhasenoughmoney,butheisn’tkindenoughtohelpothers.【注意】enough修飾名詞時(shí)，置于名詞前；修飾形容詞時(shí)，置于形容詞之后。6、Couldyoutakeouttherubbish,foldtheclothesanddothedishes?你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服疊好，再把碗洗了嗎？拿；取【解析】takeout拿出；取出take的用法：拿；取 Pleasetakesomebookstotheclassroom.吃；喝；服用吃；喝；服用 Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.乘（車；船等）take 乘（車；船等）Theyusuallytakethebustowork.花費(fèi)（時(shí)間；金錢）Ittakesmetwohourstodomyhomeworkeveryday.花費(fèi)（時(shí)間；金錢）【拓展】take構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)： takeawalk去散步takearest休息takecareof照顧takeoff脫下；起飛takeup占據(jù)takedown拿下takeone’stime不急；慢慢來(lái)takeone’stemperature量體溫7.TheminuteIsatdowninfrontoftheTV,mymomcameover.我剛坐在電視機(jī)前面，我媽媽就過(guò)來(lái)了?！窘馕?】theminute=assoonas“一就”Pleasewritetometheminuteyougetthere.【解析2】infrontofinfrontof指在物體外部的前面infrontofThereisabikeinfrontoftheclassroom.inthefrontof【辨析】inthefrontof指在物體內(nèi)部的前面Ourteacherisstandinginthefrontoftheclassroom【記】Thedriversat_____inthefrontof___________thecar.Thepolicemanstood___infrontof________thecar.【注意】有the無(wú)the區(qū)別大：attable吃飯；進(jìn)餐inhospital住院atthetabel在桌邊inthehospital在醫(yī)院（不一定看?。窘馕?】comeover過(guò)來(lái)【拓展】come短語(yǔ)：comeacross（偶然）發(fā)現(xiàn)comeback回來(lái)comeupwith想出cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)comedown下來(lái)comefrom=befrom來(lái)自,出生于comein/into進(jìn)入,進(jìn)來(lái)comeon趕快,加油comealong走吧,過(guò)來(lái),快點(diǎn)comeandgo來(lái)來(lái)去去comeup上來(lái)comeout出來(lái)，(花)開，(照片)沖洗出來(lái)8.YouwatchTVallthetimeandneverhelpoutaroundthehouse!你總是看電視，從不幫忙做家務(wù)！allthetime=always一直；總是9.I’mjustastiredasyouare!我和你一樣累！【解析】as...as...和一樣10.Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.一周的時(shí)間，她不做任何家務(wù)，我也不做?！窘馕觥縩either+助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)“某人（主語(yǔ)）也不”⑴neither兩者都不neither…nor…既不…也不…,連接兩個(gè)詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由后一個(gè)主語(yǔ)確定NeitherTomnorJimisastudent⑵表達(dá)“…也不……”則用“Neither/Nor+be/V助/V情+主”—Thefirstonewasn’tbad.—Neitherwasthesecond.11.Thenextday,mymomcamehomefromworktofindthehousecleanandtidy.第二天，媽媽下班回到家后發(fā)現(xiàn)房間很干凈、整潔?！窘馕觥縡ind+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)【注】find→found→foundv尋找(1)findsb.doingsth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事(2)findit+adj.+todosth發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很……◆finditdifficult/hardtodosth發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很困難Shefound_it__hardtofinishtheworkbyherself.12.Sheaskedinsurprise.她吃驚地問(wèn)道?！窘馕觥縤nsurprise驚奇地；吃驚地surprisev使吃驚→surprisingadj.令人吃驚的→surprisedadj.吃驚的toone’ssurprise使某人吃驚的是insurprise吃驚地besurprisedat對(duì)……感到吃驚Tomysurprise_(使我吃驚的是），hegotthefirstprizeintheexam.13.“I’mdosorry,Mom.Ifinishunderstandthatweneedtosharethehouseworktohaveacleanandcomfortablehome.”Ireplied.“對(duì)不起，媽媽。我終于理解為了擁有一個(gè)干凈、舒適的家我們需要共同來(lái)分擔(dān)家務(wù)?！蔽一卮鹫f(shuō)?！窘馕?】needv需要用于肯定句，是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。(1)人做主語(yǔ)，sb.needtodosth某人需要做某事(2)物做主語(yǔ)，sthneeddoingsth=sthneedtobedone①Studentsneed___tohave_______(have)agoodrestinstudying.②Thewatchneeds__mending___(mend).用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句，是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(1)needn’t=don’thaveto沒有必要(2)need,must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定會(huì)的用must,否定回答用needn’t—MustIgotherenow?—Yes，youmust/No,youneedn’t【解析2】share分享；共用sharesth分享或共用某物sharesthwithsb.與某人分享某物(Allhisfriends__Shared___hishappinesswhenhewonthematch.14.CouldIhangoutwithmyfriendsafterthemovie?看完電影后我能和朋友們一起閑逛嗎？【解析】hangout閑逛hangup把懸掛/掛起15.Couldyoupleasepassmethesalt?你能把鹽遞給我嗎？【解析】pass⑴v給；遞；走過(guò)；通過(guò)passsb.sth把某物遞給某Passon傳遞Pleasepassthepaperontotheotherstudents.⑵v通過(guò)；路過(guò)Ipassyourhome.⑶v通過(guò)（考試）；及格Tomcanpasshismathexam.16.CouldIborrowthatbook?我能借下你那本書看嗎、Couldyoulendmesomemoney?你能借我一些錢嗎？【解析】borrow/lend/keep(1)borrow借入,與from連用，尤指主語(yǔ)“【借進(jìn)來(lái)”】borrowsthfromsb.從某人那里借某物Youcanborrowthebookfromthelibrary.(2)lend借出,與to搭配【指借出去】lendsbsth=lendsthtosb把某物借給某人Hedoesn’twanttolendhisbooktoothers.(3)keep保留，保存（延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用）【指借一段時(shí)間】【記】Iwantto__borrow__abikefrommyfriendbuthedidn’t_lend___ittome,becauseTomhad_kept____itfortwodays.17.IcutmyfingerandI’mtryingnottogetitwet.我的手指割傷了，傷口不能弄濕?！窘馕觥縯ry(not)todosth努力（不）做某事。tryv試圖，設(shè)法，努力【拓展】(1)tryon試穿(2)trytodosth努力做某事【側(cè)重盡力做】(3)trydoingsth試圖做某事【側(cè)重嘗試做】(4)tryone’sbesttodosth=doone’sbesttodosth盡某人最大努力做某事18.Ihatetodochores.我討厭做家務(wù)。hatetodosth討厭做某事,表示某次具體行為或動(dòng)作。Ihatetotroublehim.hatedoingsth不愿意做某事表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性行為或動(dòng)作。Shehatessmokinginherroom.19.CouldIaskyoutohelpmewithsomechoresthen?那我能請(qǐng)求你幫我做些雜活嗎？【解析】asksb.todosth要求某人做某事。askfor請(qǐng)求，要某物asksb.aboutsth向某人詢問(wèn)關(guān)于某事(1)asksb.forhelp向某人請(qǐng)求幫助(2)asksb.(not)todosth請(qǐng)求某人做某事ask構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：短語(yǔ)含義asksb.todosth請(qǐng)某人做某事asksb.nottodosth不讓某人做某事asksbforsth向某人要某物askforhelp尋求幫助20.I’llfinishmyhomeworkwhileyouhelpmewiththedishes.當(dāng)你幫我洗盤子的時(shí)候，我將完成我的家庭作業(yè)?！窘馕?】finishdoingsth完成某事—Canyoufinish_reading__thesebooksbefore10o’clock?—Yes,Ican.【解析2】whileconj.“在……期間；當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”While引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞。_While__thechildrenhavefun,parentscantakedancelessonsonthebeach.【解析3】helpsb.withsth.在某事上幫助某人?！咀ⅰ縣elpv幫助→helpfuladj.有幫助的(1)helpsb.dosth.=helpsb.withsth.幫助某人做某事(2)withthehelpofsb.=withone’shelp在某人的幫助之下(3)withoutthehelpof沒有在…的幫助之下①Ithinkreadingisvery__helpful____(help).②__Without____yourhelp,wecouldn’tcatchthethief.sectionB.1.CouldIinvitemyfriendstoaparty?我能邀請(qǐng)我的朋友們來(lái)聚會(huì)嗎？【解析】invitesb.toSp.邀請(qǐng)某人去某地【解析】invitev→invitationn邀請(qǐng)(1)invitesb.todosth邀請(qǐng)某人做某事(2)invitesb.to+地點(diǎn)邀請(qǐng)某人去某地2.Idon’tunderstandwhysomeparentsmaketheirkidshelpwithhouseworkandchoresathome.我不理解為什么有些父母在家讓孩子們幫忙做家務(wù)和雜務(wù)?！窘馕觥縨akesb.dosth讓某人做某事make→made→madev.做，制作，使得(1)makesb/sth+形容詞“讓某人或某物…”makeyouhappy(2)makesb/sthdosth使某人做某事makemelaugh.Colorscanchangeourmoodsandmakeus_feel__happyorsad,energeticorsleep.3.Theydon’thavetimetostudyanddohousework，too.他們也沒有時(shí)間來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)家務(wù)和做家務(wù)?！窘馕觥縣avetimetodosth.有時(shí)間做某事havetime=befree有空4.Houseworkisawasteoftheirtime.做家務(wù)是在浪費(fèi)他們的時(shí)間?！窘馕觥縜wasteof浪費(fèi)awasteoftime浪費(fèi)時(shí)間awasteofmoney浪費(fèi)金錢wastev“浪費(fèi)”wastetime/moneyonsthwastetime/money(in)doingsth在做某事上花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢Don’twastewater.Can’tyouseethesign“savewater”?5.Theyshouldspendtheirtimeonschoolworkinordertogetgoodgradesandgetintoagooduniversity.為了取得好成績(jī)并考上一所好大學(xué)，他們應(yīng)該把時(shí)間用在學(xué)習(xí)上?！窘馕?】spend...onsth在某事上花費(fèi)spend/pay/cost/take花費(fèi)(1)spend→spent→spentv花費(fèi),主語(yǔ)是人◆sb.+spend+時(shí)間/錢+onsth◆sb.+spend+時(shí)間/錢+（in）doingsth◆spendon=payfor支付Hespendstoomuchtimeonthecomputergames.Remembertospendsometime_with_yourlovedones,becausethey’renotgoingtobearoundforever.Myfather__spent___onehundredthousandyuanonhisnewcar.(2)pay→paid→paidv支付，主語(yǔ)是人◆sb.+pay+錢+forsthIpay10yuanforthebook.—Howmuchdidyou__pay__forthiscomputer?—Fivehundreddollars.(3)cost→cost→costv花費(fèi)，主語(yǔ)是某物或某事◆sthcostsb.+錢某物花費(fèi)某人多少錢Anewcomputercostsmealotofmoney.Iboughtanewsweaterlastweekend.It___cost_me120yuan.(4)take→took→takenv花費(fèi)◆Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間Ittakeshim3hourstodohishomework.【解析2】inorderto“目的是；為了”后接動(dòng)詞原形。inordertodosth為了做某事Heranquicklyinordernot__tobe___lateforthemeeting.【解析3】getinto=enter進(jìn)入【拓展】與get相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：getup起床getback返回getover克服getdressed穿衣getinto進(jìn)入get/belost丟失getoff/on下/上車getonwellwithsb.與某人相處得好getoutof從…出來(lái)getwarm變曖getreadyfor+n.為…做準(zhǔn)備getreadytodosth.準(zhǔn)備做某事getwell康復(fù)getachance有機(jī)會(huì)、得到機(jī)會(huì)get/gotosleep(fallasleep)入睡相關(guān)：(beasleep睡著)6.Also,whentheygetolder,theywillhavetodohousrworksothere’snoneedforthemtodoitnow.而且，當(dāng)他們長(zhǎng)大的時(shí)候，他們也將會(huì)做家務(wù)，因此，他們沒必要現(xiàn)在在做?！窘馕觥縢etolder長(zhǎng)大get/become/go辨析：=1\*GB2⑴get+adj較多地與形容詞比較級(jí)連用。Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.=2\*GB2⑵become強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的結(jié)果It'sbecomingcolderandcolder.=3\*GB2⑶go+adj.''表示令人不快的事情gobad變壞，goblind變瞎，gohungry挨餓7.Itistheparents’jobtoprovideacleanandcomfortableenvironmentathomefortheirchildren.在家為孩子們提供一個(gè)干凈、舒適的環(huán)境是父母的義務(wù)?！窘馕觥縫rovidesth.forsb.為某人提供某物providev提供providesb.withsth.(sb前介詞用for)=providesthforsb.(sth前需加介詞with)供應(yīng)某人某物相當(dāng)于：offersb.sth.=offersthtosb.provide為應(yīng)急等做好準(zhǔn)備而“提供；供給”providesb.withsth.=providesthforsb.提供某人某物offer側(cè)重表示“愿意給予”offersb.sth.=offersthtosb.對(duì)某人提供某物offertodosth主動(dòng)提出干某事supply定期“供應(yīng)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)替代或補(bǔ)充所需物品Supplysb.withsth=supplysth.tosb.為某人提供某物①TheInternetprovidesus_with__alotof_information___weneed.②—Couldyoupleaseprovideus_with___someinformationaboutthestudents’health?—Ofcourse,it’smypleasure.8.Andanyway,Ithinkdoingchoresisnotsodifficult.無(wú)論如何，我認(rèn)為做家務(wù)并不那么難。【解析】anyway無(wú)論如何,(一般放在句首，用逗號(hào)和句子隔開）9.Ithinkitisimportantforchildrentolearnhowtodochoresandhelptheirparentswithhousework.我認(rèn)為對(duì)孩子們來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)習(xí)如何做雜務(wù)并幫助他們的父母做家務(wù)是很重要的。【解析】Itisimportantforsb.todosth.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是重要的10.Childrenthesedaysdependontheirparentstoomuch.現(xiàn)在的孩子太依賴他們的父母?！窘馕觥縟ependon依靠；信賴——Shallwegoforapicnictomorrow?——Well,itall___dependson____theweather.11....Everyoneshoulddotheirpartinkeepingitcleanandtidy.每個(gè)人都有責(zé)任保持家里的干凈和整潔。【解析1】doone’spart盡職責(zé)；盡本分Doone’spartindoingsth在做某事上盡職責(zé)【解析2】keep+sth/sb.+adj.“使處于某種狀態(tài)”Hermotheraskedhertokeepthewindows__open__andthedoor__closed__.keep系動(dòng)詞“保持”keep+adj.Wemustkeephealthy.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞“保持；繼續(xù)”keep(on)doingsth繼續(xù)做某事HewasingreatpainbuthekeptonworkingHekepton__talking__aftertheballrangforclass.(2)keepsb.Doingsth讓某人一直做某事I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Myteacherkeptme__doing___homeworkalltheafternoon.12.Doingchoreshelpstodevelopchildren’sindependenceandteachesthemhowtolookafterthemselves.做雜務(wù)不僅可以培養(yǎng)孩子們的獨(dú)立性還可以教他們?nèi)绾握疹欁约??！窘馕觥縟evelopindependence培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立意識(shí)developv→developmentn發(fā)展→developingadj.發(fā)展的→developedadj.發(fā)達(dá)的adevelopingcountry一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家adevelopedcountry一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家Chinaisa__developing___country.13.Sincetheyliveinonehousewiththeirparents,theyshouldknowthateveryoneshoulddotheirpartinkeepingitcleanandtidy.既然他們和父母同住在一個(gè)房子里，他們應(yīng)該知道保持家里干凈、整潔每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該參與。【解析】sinceconj.既然(表示對(duì)方已知的事實(shí)或理由，常放在句首）.—YouhavebeeninNeijiangverylong?—Yeah.__Since___myparentscamehere.14.Ourneighbor’ssongotintoagoodcollegebutduringhisfirstyear,hehadnideahowtotakecareofhimself.我們鄰居的兒子上一所好大學(xué)，但是在第一年的時(shí)候，他還不知道如何照顧自己。takecareof照顧Thanksforyourinvitation,butI’msosorryIcan’tgo.Ineedto___takecareof___mybabyathome.【拓展】與take相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：takephotos/pictures照像takeaway拿走takeout取出(workout算出)takecare當(dāng)心takeawalk散步takemedicine服藥takeplace發(fā)生takeone’stemperature量體溫takeone’stime別著急15.Asaresult,heoftenfellillandhisgradesdropped.結(jié)果，他常常生病，功課也落下了。【解析1】asaresult結(jié)果（插入語(yǔ)，放在句首，用逗號(hào)隔開）Don’taskhimtoolateintothenight,__Asaresult___,heisonlyasmallchild.【解析2】fallill生病fallasleep入睡16.Theearlierkidslearntobeindependent,thebetteritisfortheirfuture.孩子們?cè)皆鐚W(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立，對(duì)他們的未來(lái)越好?！窘馕觥縯he+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)“越越”Themoreyousmile,thehappieryouwillfeel.Unit4Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)sectionA1.Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?你為什么不和你打父母談?wù)勀兀俊窘馕觥縒hydon'tyoudosth?=Whynotdosth?為什么不呢？【拓展】用于提建議的句型有：(1)Whataboutdoingsth?=Howaboutdoingsth?….怎么樣？(2)Whydon’tyoudosth?=Whynotdosth?為什么不呢？(3)Let’sdosth.讓我們一起做某事吧。(4)Shallwe/Idosth?我們做…好嗎？(5)hadbetterdo/notdosth最好做/不做某事(6)Will/Wouldyoupleasedosth請(qǐng)你做…好嗎？(7)Wouldyouliketodosth?你想去做某事嗎？(8)Wouldyouminddoingsth？你介意做某事嗎？IhavetostudytoomuchsoIdon’tgetenoughsleep.我要學(xué)的太多，因此我睡眠不足。2.【解析1】(1)toomany+復(fù)數(shù)名詞許多toomanypeople(2)toomuch+不可數(shù)名詞許多toomuchhomework(3)muchtoo+形容詞太…muchtoocold【2013山東德州1】—What’sthematter?—Ihaveastomachache.MaybeIhaveeaten___tonight.A.toomuchB.toomanyC.muchtoo【解析2】soconj.因此(表示因果關(guān)系，后面跟表示結(jié)果的句子，不與because同時(shí)使用）【2013浙江舟山、嘉興1】18.Theshopswereclosed_______Ididn'tgetanymilk.A.soB.asC.or D.butMyparentsdon’tallowmetohangoutwithmyfriends.我的父母不允許我和我的朋友們出去閑逛。3.【解析】allowsb.todosth允許某人做某事【拓展】allowv允許allowdoingsth允許做某事Theydon’tallowsmoking.allowsb.todosth允許某人做某事MymotherallowsmetowatchTV.beallowedtodosth被允許做某事4.What’swrong?怎么啦？【解析】What’swrong(withsb./sth)（某人/物）怎么了？【2013四川南充】—Mum,I’mnotfeelingwell.—Oh,dear!_____.A.What’swrongB.NotatallC.Allright.5.I’mreallytriedbecauseIstudieduntilmidnightlastnight.我真的很累，因?yàn)槲易蛱焱砩弦恢睂W(xué)習(xí)到半夜?！窘馕觥縰ntil直到時(shí)【2013山東臨沂2】23.Pleaseholdontoyourdream_____onedayitcomestrue.A.if B.until C.unless D.though【2013山東青島3】13.Ifyouhavetroublepronouncingthesewords,youcanrepeatthemoverandoveragain______youarecomfortablewiththem.A.unless B.if C.until D.while【2013浙江麗水3】18.—Hey,man.Youcan’tcrossthestreetnow.Youhavetowait_____thetrafficturngreen.—Oh,sorryandthankyou.A.whenB.afterC.untilD.while6.Whydon’tyougotosleepearlierthisevening?今天晚上你為什么不早點(diǎn)睡覺呢？【解析】gotosleep去睡覺(強(qiáng)調(diào)“入睡，睡著”這一動(dòng)作）7.Youlooksad,Kim.金，你看起來(lái)很傷心?！窘馕觥縧ook看起來(lái)（系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞作賓語(yǔ)）【2012江蘇蘇州3】Someoffriendseatwiththeireyes.Theypreferto(更喜歡）what____nice.A.feelsB.smellsC.looksD.tastes【拓展】：系動(dòng)詞：后跟adj.作表語(yǔ)一是：（be）am/is/arebequiet=keepquiet保持安靜二保持：stay/keep（表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)）stayhealthy=keephealthy保持健康三變化：become/get/turn（表示狀態(tài)變化）五--起來(lái)：sound/look/smell/taste/feel（表示感覺）()Jackusuallygets______whenhespeaksinpublic.A.happilyB.excitingC.worriedD.tired()Tom’sfatherlooksvery_____.Butheisverykind.A.seriouslyB.seriousC.friendly8.You____callhimup.你____給他打電話?！窘馕觥縞allup(v+adv)callon拜訪；號(hào)召IcallupmyparentseverySunday.9.Well,Ifoundmysisterlookingthroughmythingsyesterday.哦，昨天我發(fā)現(xiàn)我妹妹翻了我的東西。【解析1】findsb.doingsth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事Mr.WangfoundLiDongreadingastorybookintheclass.類似動(dòng)詞：hear，watch,see,feel【貴州安順】WhenIwentintotheroom,Ifound___inbed.A.himlyingB.helyingC.heliesD.himwaslying【解析2】lookthrough瀏覽【拓展】與look相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：lookfor尋找lookafter=takecareof照顧looklike看起來(lái)像..lookthesame看起來(lái)一樣lookover仔細(xì)檢查lookaround環(huán)顧lookout當(dāng)心lookup查閱lookforwardto盼望10.Yes,butI’mstillangrywithher.是的，但是我仍然很生她的氣。【解析】beangrywithsb.生某人的氣【拓展】angryadj.生氣的→angrilyadv.生氣地(1)beangrywithsb.=bemadatsb.對(duì)某人生氣【with后接人】(2)beangryat/aboutsth對(duì)某事感到生氣【at后接事】(3)beangrytodosth做某事感到生氣11.Althoughshe’swrong,It’snotabigdeal.盡管她錯(cuò)了，但也不是什么大錯(cuò)?！窘馕?】although=though盡管,用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句?！咀ⅰ縯hough/although不能與but連用【2012曲靖中考】____myfatherisn’tpleasedwithhisworkingenvironment,hestillworkshard.A.AndB.AlthoughC.ButD.Before【2013福建福州3】41.—TheboycanspeakbothEnglishandJapanese_________heisonlyten.—Wow,whatacleverboy!A.ifB.becauseC.although【2013浙江3】32.—Look!Somepeoplearerunningtheredlights.—Weshouldwait_______othersarebreakingtherule.A.ifB.unlessC.althoughD.because【拓展】although/however辨析⑴althoughconj，“雖然；即使；縱然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)放在主句前后都可。Althoughheisveryold,yetheisquitestrong.他雖然年紀(jì)大了，但身體還很健壯。⑵howeveradv，在句中作插入語(yǔ)，起一個(gè)連詞的作用，一般用逗號(hào)與句子分開，可以放在句首或句中，意為“然而，盡管如此”。It’sraininghard,However,Ithinkweshouldgoout.雨下的很大。盡管如此，我認(rèn)為我們還應(yīng)該出去?！窘馕?】It’snotabigdeal.沒什么大不了；不是什么大事（常用于口語(yǔ)中）12.Youleftyourhomeworkathome.你把作業(yè)忘在家里了?！窘馕觥縧eavev遺忘，留下leavesth.somewhere把某物忘在某地leavesb.byoneself把某人單獨(dú)留下【2012山東濟(jì)寧】22.—Sorry,Mr.Green.Ihave____myhomeworkathome.—Nevermind.Butdon'tforgernexttime.A.putB.keptC.leftD.remained13.Hopethingsworkout.希望事情順利解決。【解析1】hopev希望hopetodosthIhopetovisitGuilin.hope+that從句（表示希望）Ihopethatyou’llbebettersoonwishv希望wishtodosthIwishtovisitGuilin.wishsb.todosth希望某人做某事Iwishyoutogo.wish+that從句表示愿望，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣IwishIwereyou.【解析2】workout解決；成功地發(fā)展，后跟fine,well,badly等詞，表明產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果如何。計(jì)算出（答案、數(shù)量、價(jià)格等）計(jì)算出（答案、數(shù)量、價(jià)格等）Themathproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout制定出（計(jì)劃等）制定出（計(jì)劃等）Ihaveworkedoutanewwayofdoingit.workout解決；找出解決；找出…的答案Thegovernmenthasmanyproblemstoworkout.【2013四川遂寧3】30.Theteachersencouragetheirstudentsto____theproblemsbythemselves,andinthiswaystudentscanenjoysuccess.A.giveupB.workoutC.lookthrough14.MyproblemisIcan’tgetonwithmyfavorite.我的問(wèn)題是我不能喝我的家人和睦相處?！窘馕觥縢etonwithsb.和某人和睦相處；和某人關(guān)系良好=getalongwithgetonwell/badlywith相處的好/壞【2013山西1】26.AstudentinFudanUniversitywaskilledbyhisroommatejustbecauseofsmallthingsindailylife.Itisimportantforstudentstolearnhowto________eachother. A.getonwith B.comeoverto C.stayawayfrom【2013湖北十堰】32.—Whatkindofpersonsdoyouprefertomakefriendswith?—Ichoosemyfriendsontheircharactersandhowwe__________. A.getin B.getup C.geton