牛津深圳版初一下學(xué)期英語知識點總結(jié)0-2

PAGEPAGE10ChapterOneTravel一．課文重點詞語與短語plan計劃plantodosth.計劃去做某事offer提供offersb.sth.=offersth.tovide提供providesthforsb=providesbwithsthshop購物shopforsth=buysthWhynotdosth?=Whydon’tyoudosth為什么不做…usedtodosth過去常常做某事be/getusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣于做某事thesameas…和…一樣befamousforsth=bewell-knownforsth以…聞名befamousas作為…而著名helpsb（to）dosth幫助某人做某事helpsbwithsth幫助某人做某事oneof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)…之一，其中之一二．語法：冠詞a,an,與the的用法★不定冠詞a/an的用法主要有：1．泛指表示"某一個"，用于可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前。如：Weneedarenttolivein.2．與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，表示類別。如：1)I'mastudent.(是學(xué)生而不是其他人。)2)Anelephantismuchbiggerthanatiger.3．在某些詞組中，代替介詞per，作“每一”講。如：twiceaday,5dollarsakiloIplaycomputergamesonceaweek.注意:a/an的區(qū)別a用在輔音開頭的單詞前：acat,ausefulbookan用在元音發(fā)音的單詞前：anEnglishbook,aninterestingstory,anhonestboy,animportantparty,anuglyman…★定冠詞the的用法主要有：1.表示特指某人或某物。如：Thenotebookonthedeskismine.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.2.表示上文提過的人或事物。如：Thereisacatunderthechair.Thecatisblackandwhite.3.表示世界上獨一無二的東西。如：theearth,thesun…4.用于說話雙方都知道的名詞前。如：Let'sgoforapicnic,shallwe?5.用在作定語的序數(shù)詞前。如：Sheisalwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelastonetoleave.6.用在形容詞前表示一類人。如：therich,theold,thesick,thedeaf…7.用在樂器名稱前。如：playtheviolin(guitar,piano…)8.用在表示“姓”的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示一家人或夫婦二人。如：TheWhitesareontheirholidayinCanada.9.用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成表示場所的專有名詞前。如：thePeople'sPark,theGoldenGateBridge10．在最高級、序數(shù)詞及next，last，same等詞前常用定冠詞。如：Thelastoneisthemostimportantone.★不用冠詞的情況(零冠詞的用法)主要有：1.在物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞前。如：Waterandairareimportanttous.Wisdomisbetterthanstrength.2.名詞前面已有作定語用的this,that,these,those,my,your,some,any等代詞的情況下。如：Iwantthiscar,notthatcar.Thereissomewaterinthecup.3.在季節(jié)、月份、日期、星期、節(jié)日前。如：Therearefourseasons:spring,summer,autumnandwinter.SchoolbeginsonSeptember1.March8thisWomen'sDay.特例：1)中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日要加the。如：theSpringFestival4.在一日三餐、球類運(yùn)動和學(xué)科名詞前。如：Ihavebreakfastatsixinthemorning.Theyplayfootballeveryday.Hepreferssciencetophysics.特例：當(dāng)表示三餐的名詞前有定語修飾時，要加不定冠詞。如：Theyhadagooddinneryesterday.5.在學(xué)科前不加冠詞。如：Iamgoodatmathsandhistory.6.在“專有名詞+普通名詞”構(gòu)成的表示街道、廣場、公園、橋梁等名詞前；國名和地名人名前通常也不加冠詞。如：ZhongshanRoad,Tian'anmenSquare；China，Shenzhen，Tom7．表示使用某種交通手段時，名詞前不用冠詞。如：Iusuallygotomyofficebybus.配套練習(xí)1.Therewillbe______interestingTVprogramtomorrowevening.

A.aB.anC.theD.some2.Ihaveneverseen_____UFOin______sky.

A.a,theB.an,theC.a,aD.the,a3.Haveyouseen_________umbrellahere?Youmean_______blackone?Itwasherejustnow.A.an;the B.the;aC.an;a D.the;the4._______Biologyis______scienceof________life.

A./;the;/

B./;the;the

C.The;/;/

D.The;/;the5.Theboywrote_____“l(fā)”and____“u”ontheblackboard.A.a;anB.an;anC.a;aD.an;a6.Nowheis______artist.Ihaveknownhimsincehewas_____one-year-oldboy.A.a;anB.a;aC.an;anD.an;a7._____ChristmasDayofthewesterncountriesfallsbefore______SpringFestivalofChina.A./;theB.the;/C./;/D.The;the8.Todayismy________happiestdaybecauseIwon_____firstprizeinthematch.A.the;theB./;theC.the;/D./;/9._____ChangjiangRiveris____longestriverinChina.A.The;theB.The;/C./;theD./;/Chapter2Protectingourenvironment一．課文重點詞語與短語beinterestedinsth對……感興趣ofcourse當(dāng)然begintodosth開始做某事eachother相互passsthtosb=passsbsth傳遞某物給某人communicatewithsb和某人交流taste嘗起來…后跟形容詞作表語beindanger處境危險collectstamps搜集郵票enjoydoing…喜歡做…enjoyoneself玩得開心thanksbforsth/doingsth感謝某人做某事makesb/sth+動詞原形使……做……inorderof以……的順序類似inrerested與interesting的形容詞：excited/exciting,tired/tiring,surprised/suprising,bored/boring…通常以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞含被動意義，表示人感到……;以-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞汗主動意義，表示使人，令人…….二.語法：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)be(am/is/are)+動詞ing(現(xiàn)在分語)構(gòu)成謂語be是助動詞，幫助構(gòu)成時態(tài)、語態(tài)及語氣、否定句和疑問句

動詞ing現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則：1）動詞+ing：do-doingteach-teaching；2）以一個元音字母+一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞，雙寫輔音字母再+ing：put-putting；3）

以字母e結(jié)尾的，去掉e再+ing：make-makingtake-taking。4）單詞以輔音字母加－ie結(jié)尾，去-ie變y,再加-ing.如die(死亡)dying;tie—tying注意：表狀態(tài)、感覺、情緒、精神活動的動詞不可用于進(jìn)行時，如：believe（相信），doubt（懷疑），hear，know，understand，belong（屬于），think（認(rèn)為），look（看起來），show，mind，have，sound（聽起來），taste（嘗起來），care，like，hate，love，例如：Danny:Thedoorbellisringing.May:Iknow.Ihearit.某些趨向動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可表示將來……：I’mcoming.我這就來。I’mgoing/leaving.我這就走。同步練習(xí)()1.—Listen!Who______intheroom?—Let’sgoandsee.A.iscryingB.cryingC.cryD.cries()2.wecangetsomeusefulthings____trees.A.toB.forC.withD.from()3.Youmustthankthegirls_____theirhelp.A.forB.toC.onD.about()4.Weplant______treesinourschooleveryyear.A.alotB.alotofC.alotsofDmuch()5.Jimandhisteacher_______overthere.A.istalkB.aretalkC.istalkingD.aretalking()6“Don’talwaysmakeTim____thisorthat.Heisabigboynow.”Mrs.Bushsaid.A.doingB.doC.doesD.todo()7—Whatistheboydoing?—He’s_______abook.A.seeingB.readingC.lookingatD.watching()8Mr.Smith_____tovisitBeijingintwodays.A.comeB.cameC.comesD.iscoming()9.IthinkEnglishis_______thanMath.A.interestingerB.moreinterestingC.mostinterestingD.moreinterestinger()10We_____apicnicnextweek.A.willhaveB.haveC.havingD.had()11.There_____afootballgamebetweenItalyandGermanytomorrowmorning.A.hasB.isgoingtobeC.willhaveDhasbeen()12.It’sabighouse_____agardeninfrontofit.A.inB.haveC.forD.with()13．Willyoupassthatbook______me? A.toB.for C.from D.at()14．Rosenevercommunicates______others.A.to B.for C.with D.at()15.Doyouknowwhatthesebooksareuseful_________?A.to B.for C.with D.at()16.Treesareourbestfighters________pollution.A.for B.with C.on D.againstChpater3一．課文重點詞語與短語lookup查閱humanbeings人類anamusementpark游樂園buysbsth=buysthforsb給某人買某物allyearround全年some…others…一些……另一些……as…as…像一樣dieout滅絕learnaboutsthfrom…從……了解某事beborn出生afterleavingschool畢業(yè)后delivermail送郵件atthesametime同時bebasedon以……為基礎(chǔ)morethan數(shù)量多于二.語法1指示代詞this，that，these，those四個詞都是指示代詞，分別表示“這個”，“那個”，“這些”，“那些”。從中文釋義上我們也能看出，它們之間是有差別的。那么，我們就來講一講，指示代詞this，that，these，those的具體用法。（1）this用來指離說話者位置近的人或者物，以及時間上較近的場合。如：Thisismymother.這是我媽媽。（2）that用來指在空間或時間上離的較遠(yuǎn)的人、物和場合。如：Thatishisfather.那是我爸爸。（3）these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式，those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。this，that和is連用，而these，those和are連用。thisis，theseare，thoseare不存在縮寫形式，只有thatis有縮寫形式，即that's。如：Thesearemyfriends.Thosearetheiraunts.That'shisfather.=Thatishisfather.指示代詞的陳述句形式我們已經(jīng)了解了，那么，怎樣將它們改成一般疑問句呢？我們都知道，由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換為一般疑問句時，直接將be動詞提前到句首，把第一人稱轉(zhuǎn)換為第二人稱，回答用yes或no。而在回答主語為this，that，these，those的疑問句時，問句中的this，that在答語中要用it替代，these，those要用they替代。如：—Isthishisfather?—Yes,itis./No,itisn't.—Aretheseyourfriends?—Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.注意：指示代詞所指的事物第二次提到時，通常也是用it代替this和that，用they代替these和those。Whatisthis？Itisabird.（4）this,that,those和these加名詞構(gòu)成一些常用短語，表示時間，指現(xiàn)在或過去。thismorning今天早晨thisspring今年春天thatmorning那天早晨thesedays這些天2可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞普通名詞所表示的人或事物是可以按個數(shù)計算的，這類名詞叫可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞分為個體名詞(表示某類人或事物中的個體，如worker,farmer,desk,factory等)和集體名詞(表示作為一個整體來看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family等)。如果普通名詞所表示的事物是不能按個數(shù)來計算的，這類名詞就叫不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞分為物質(zhì)名詞(表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì)，如meat,rice,water,milk,orange等)和抽象名詞(表示動作、狀態(tài)、情況、品質(zhì)等抽象概念，如work,homework,time,health,friendship等)?？蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。指一個人或一件事物時，用單數(shù)形式；指兩個或多個人或事物時用復(fù)數(shù)形式?？蓴?shù)名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時，可用some/many/lotsof/alotof/afew/few/修飾：manybananas，afewpens不可數(shù)名詞可以用some/much/lotsof/alotof/alittle/little修飾：muchmeat，alittlebread可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化：(1)一般情況在詞尾加-s

map-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days

(2)以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es

class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes

(3)以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞

變-f和-fe為v再加-es

leaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives

加-s

belief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs

(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加-es

party-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities

(5)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié)尾的，加-s

toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys

(6)以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞

一般加-es

hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes

不少外來詞加-s

piano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos

(7)以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-s

radio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos(8)除人民幣元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例：adollar,twodollars;不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：

英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式

man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice

2單復(fù)數(shù)相同

sheep,deer,fish,yuan,jin,Swiss,Chinese,Japanese

3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式

trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)

people,police,cattle注意:記住一些特殊的名詞的變化形式，如：ChineseChineseJapaneseJapaneseEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenRussianRussiansAmericanAmericansGermanGermanschildchildrenfootfeetmanmenwomanwomentoothteethgoosegeesedeerdeersheepsheep同步練習(xí)選擇填空()1.Wouldyoulikesometea?Yes,just________.

A.alittleB.afewC.alittleofD.much()2.OurnewChina’sfullnameisthePeople’sRepublicofChina.Yes,itwas_______onOctober1,1949.A.found B.founded C.founding D.finding()3.Whatisthestoryabout?Itisadetectivestoryandis_____arealstory.A.comefrom B.basedon C.basedto D.baseson()4.Howmany______arethereonthetable?Thereare____.A.glassofwater/two B.cartonofmilk/tenC.basketsoforanges/two D.bottlesoforanges/ten()5.Whatdoyouusuallydointhemorning?Weoftenhave_________seveninthemorning.A.breakfastB.lunchatC.supperD.breakfastat()6.Iamthirsty.Wouldyoubringme_______,please?A.somebreadB.someteaC.anywaterD.someeggs()7．What’s_____inEnglish?_____apairofglasses.A．this--It’sB、this--ThatC．thisItD．thatThat’s()8．Guobought____intheshoplastweek.A.alotofbreadandajarofjams B.alotofbreadsandtwojarsofjamC.alotofbreadandajarjam D.alotofbreadandtwojarsofjam()9.______ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwell.A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof()10.“What’sthe_______today?”“It’sJune26.”A.dayB.dateC.timeD.hour()11.Hello!Whois______?______isMaryspeaking.A.that/That B.that/ThisC.this/This D.these/Those()12.Theyare_______fromAmerica.A.womandoctors B.womendoctorC.womendoctor D.womendoctors()13.Tomalwaysstaysathomefor______onSunday.A.oneandhalfhour B.oneandahalfhourC.onehalfanhour D.oneandahalfhours()14,CanIhelpyou?Yes,Iwant2kilogramsof______andsome___A.beef/egg B.egg/beef C.beef/eggs D.anegg/beef()15.Howmany_______arethereinthese______?A.tomato/photo B.tomatoes/photoesC.tomatos/photos D.tomatoes/photosChapter4一重點詞匯和短語1.sense感官 2.balance平衡 3.tongue舌頭 4.blind盲的；瞎的 5.book預(yù)定6.allow允許…進(jìn)入 7.lead帶路；帶領(lǐng) 8.exit出口9.describe描述10. lie躺 11. dead失靈的；不轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的 12.seem似乎13. convenient方便的14. mind注意 15almost幾乎16. disability缺陷；殘疾 短語1.findout找出 2.match…with…使...和...相配 3.keepbalance保持平衡 4.falldown跌倒；摔倒 5.stopdoingsth停止做某事 6.stoptowork停下某事而去工作 7.belongto屬于 8.receptiondesk接待處，服務(wù)臺 9.walkinto…走進(jìn)… 10.bookaroom定房 11.allowsbtodosth允許某人做某事 12.leadsbtosp領(lǐng)某人去某地 13.thelocationof…的位置 14.safetyfirst安全第一 15.describesthtosb向某人描述… 16.beasleep在睡覺 17.saveone’slife救了某人的生命 18.seemlike看起來象，似乎 19.thesoundofsth…的聲音 20.beagainststh反對… 21.secondslater不久，很快 22.showup=appear出現(xiàn) 23.firealarm火警警報 24.gooff突然發(fā)出響聲 25.lookout/watchout小心 26haveacold患感冒27.hearsbdoingsth聽見某人正在做某事28.belongto屬于29.ablindman盲人30.lileonthefloor躺在地上二語法：人稱代詞；形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞；反身代詞Task1人稱代詞

單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱主格I賓格me________(我)amateacher.Myfatheristalkingwith_______(我)._______(他)oftenplaysbasketballafterschool._______(他的)teacherisgood._______(我們)willbuyapairofshoesfor_______(他).Pleasepass______(我們)theball._______(他們)arelisteningtotheradio.Task2形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞my名詞性物主代詞mineThisis_______(我的)book.Thatis__________(他的)._______(他的)chairisblue._____________(我們的)isyellow._______(我們的)classroomisbig.__________(你們的)issmall._______(他的)teacherisgood.______(她的)isgoodtoo.Task3反身代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myself復(fù)數(shù)1.Hecalled_________awriter.2.Takecareof_________.3.TheLittleboycandress__________.4.I_________washedtheclothes.他自稱是作家。照顧好自己。那個小男孩可以自己穿衣服。我自己洗了衣服。weenjoyed_________lastnight.我們昨天玩的很愉快

選擇填空.

()1.Mr.MorehasmoremoneythanMr.Little.Buthedoesn’tenjoy_______.

A.he B.him C.his D.himself

()2.Lilywas9yearsold._____wasoldenoughtogotoschool________.

A.She,she B.She,herself C.Her,herselfD.Her.she

()3.Jim’swatchismuchnewerthan_________.

A.hers B.she C.her D.herself

()4.Thereare2penshere.___isred,and____isblue.A.Yours,mineB.Your,myC.Yours,myD.Your,mine

()5.______pianoistooold,butshestilllikedplayingit.

A.She B.She’s C.Hers D.Her

()6.——WhotaughtyouEnglishlastyear?——Nobodytaughtme.Itaught____.

A.me B.myself C.mine D.I

()7.Thatbikeis_________?

A．he B.him C.his D.it

()8.Webought______apresent,but_______didn’tlikeit.

A.they,them B.them,they C.themselves,theirD.theirs,they()9.Jimwillgive_________ashorttalktomorrow.

A.we

B.us

C.our

D.ours()10_________agreewithwhatyousaid.Tomhasadifferentidea.

A.Notallthem

B.Notallofthem

C.Anyofthem

D.TheyallChapter5一重點單詞和短語atlast終于makeelectricity發(fā)電inaway在某種程度上comeback=return回來connect…to…把……連接到…..withagrinonone’sface臉上帶著笑容apacketof…一袋，一包beon（燈，水龍頭，機(jī)器等）開著beoff（燈，水龍頭，機(jī)器等）關(guān)了beabletodo…能夠做…..switch/turnon開（燈，水龍頭，機(jī)器等）switch/turnoff關(guān)（燈，水龍頭，機(jī)器等）tricksb捉弄某人turnright/left向右轉(zhuǎn)/向左轉(zhuǎn)lookfoolish看起來很傻keepsilent/quiet保持安靜allkindsof各種各樣的餓differentformsof…不同形式的runanairconditioner開空調(diào)change…into…把……變成…..apowerstation發(fā)電站二語法：情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞不能單獨作謂語動詞，后接其它動詞原形做謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。表示能夠或不能做某事用can或can’t;過去式為:could.Fishcan’tlivewithoutwater.Cansheplaythepiano?Yes,shecan./No,shecan’t.2.告訴人們必須或禁止做某事用must或mustn’t;Youmusthandinyourhomeworkatonce.Youmustn’ttalkloudlyinpublic.在回答must的疑問句時，否定回答常用needn’t或don’thaveto表示不必，而不用mustn’t。--Mustwestayhere?--No,youneedn’t.(No,youdon’thaveto.)3.may,can，maynot表示許可和請求.可和can互相使用.e.g(1).Youmayplaycomputergamethisevening.(2)MayIopenthedoor?.Yes,youmay/No,youmaynot.拒絕對方時,可用“No,youmustn’t/sorry,youcan’t..MayIwatchTVnow?No,youmustn’t.4，can和beableto都可表示能……區(qū)別如下:beableto有人稱數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。Icancometomorrow.Hewasabletohelptheoldlady.Iwillbeabletocometomorrow.隨堂練習(xí)1.John____cometoseeustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.

A.mayB.canC.hastoD.must2They_____dowellintheexam.

A.canbeabletoB.beabletoC.canabletoD.areableto--MayItakethisbookout?--No,you_______.