小學(xué)五年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

./一、詞語(yǔ)

1、名詞這里強(qiáng)調(diào)兩點(diǎn)：不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù),所以總是用is名詞復(fù)數(shù)如何加后綴：各種不同情況變化方法例詞一般情況直接加-sbook-books

bag-bags

cat-cats

bed-beds以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾加-esbus-buses

box-boxes

brush-brushes

watch-watches

peach—peaches

glass--glasses以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾變y為i,再加-esfamily-families

study--studies以"f或fe"結(jié)尾變f或fe為v,再加-esknife-knives不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)man-men

woman-women

policeman-policemenpolicewoman-policewomen

mouse-mice

foot-feet

child-children

fish-fish

Chinese-Chinese2、人稱代詞和物主代詞

人稱代詞物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性形容詞性第一人稱I〔我mewe〔我們usmy〔我的our〔我們的第二人稱you〔你youyou〔你們youyour〔你的your〔你們的第三人稱he〔他himthey

〔他/她/它們themhis〔他的their

〔他/她/它們的she〔她herher〔她的it〔它itit〔它的3.Be動(dòng)詞用法be動(dòng)詞〔am、is、are+not、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can+not、助動(dòng)詞〔do、does+not如何將一個(gè)肯定的述句改為否定句：1、看句中有無(wú)be動(dòng)詞,如有,直接在be動(dòng)詞后+not。2、看句中有無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如有,直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后+not。3、如上述二者都沒(méi)有,就應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞+not。分四個(gè)步驟：〔1肯定述句中本來(lái)是沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞的,要加上去,位置在主語(yǔ)〔某人或某物后,動(dòng)詞前?！?確定助動(dòng)詞用do、does,根據(jù)句中動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞是原形的助動(dòng)詞就用do,動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動(dòng)詞就用does,〔3在助動(dòng)詞后加not?！?原句中動(dòng)詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn),有some的要考慮是否要用any。二、句子1.一般疑問(wèn)句如何將一個(gè)肯定的述句改為一般疑問(wèn)句：〔1看句中有無(wú)be動(dòng)詞,如有,把be動(dòng)詞提到句首即可?！?看句中有無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如有,把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到句首即可?！?如上述二者都沒(méi)有,就應(yīng)把助動(dòng)提到句首。分四個(gè)步驟：

〔1肯定述句中本來(lái)是沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞的,要加上去,位置在主語(yǔ)〔某人或某物后,動(dòng)詞前。

〔2確定助動(dòng)詞用do還是does,根據(jù)句中動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞是原形的助動(dòng)詞就用do,動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動(dòng)詞就用does

〔3把助動(dòng)詞后提到句首。

〔4原句中動(dòng)詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。2.特殊疑問(wèn)句

表示疑問(wèn),有疑問(wèn)詞〔在開(kāi)頭,回答有很多種可能。

常用疑問(wèn)詞：疑問(wèn)詞意思用法Whattime什么時(shí)間問(wèn)具體時(shí)間,如幾點(diǎn)鐘Who誰(shuí)問(wèn)人Whose誰(shuí)的問(wèn)主人Where在哪里問(wèn)地點(diǎn)What什么問(wèn)東西、事物Whatcolour什么顏色問(wèn)顏色Howold多大年紀(jì)問(wèn)年紀(jì)Howmany多少數(shù)量〔可數(shù)名詞問(wèn)數(shù)量Howmuch多少錢；多少數(shù)量〔不可數(shù)名詞問(wèn)多少錢或數(shù)量〔不可數(shù)三、時(shí)態(tài)1.一般將來(lái)時(shí)

表示將來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,經(jīng)常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehours'time,etc.表示將來(lái)的詞聯(lián)用。

結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形

IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.

ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.

Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.★變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?★變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not

IwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.

ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.

Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iwill./No,Iwillnot.Yes,he/shewill./No,he/shewillnot.Yes,hewill./No,hewillnot.★特殊疑問(wèn)句Whatwillyoudo?2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其它成分

Wearehavinglunch.

Heisreadingabook.

Thedogisrunningafteracat.

Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Arewehavinglunch?Ishereadingabook?Isthedogrunningafteracat?Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not

Wearenothavinglunch.

Heisnotreadingabook.

Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.

Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.★特殊疑問(wèn)句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞Whatareyoudoing?Whatisshedoing?Whatisthedogdoing?沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞<必背>表示狀態(tài),思想,感情和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作1.表示感覺(jué),感官的詞see,hear,like,love,want,2.have,has當(dāng)"擁有"講時(shí)沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)3.一般過(guò)去式

表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件,常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,

含有be動(dòng)詞的句子,將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式,am,is的過(guò)去式為was,are的過(guò)去式為were

Iwasatthebutcher’s.

Youwereastudentayearago.

Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首Wereyouatthebutcher’s?Wereyouastudentayearago?Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not

Iwasnotatthebutcher’s.

Youwerenotastudentayearago.

Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.★肯定回答否定回答Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.Yes,he/shewas.No,he/shewasnot.★特殊疑問(wèn)句：Whatdidyoudo?<必背>不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子,將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboywenttoarestaurant.TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.★變疑問(wèn)句在句首加did,動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵虳idyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?Didtheboygotoarestaurant?DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?★變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加didnotIdidnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.

Yes,hedid.No,hedidn’t.

Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)〔1表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作,常和just,usually,already,since等時(shí)間副詞連用Ihavejusthadlunch.<飽了,不用再吃了>Hehashadacupoftea.<不渴了,不用再喝>Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.<不能再度假了>Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.<已經(jīng)知道書(shū)的容了,不用再看了>〔2詢問(wèn)別人是否做過(guò)某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?HaveyoubeentoBeijing?Haveheseenthefilm?〔3表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.〔4表示一種經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過(guò)…地方,做過(guò)…事情,經(jīng)歷過(guò)…事情Ihaveneverhadabath.Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.IhaveeverbeentoParis.Havebeento表示去過(guò),havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.<人已經(jīng)回來(lái)>HehasgonetoLondon.<人還在那里>〔5表示一種結(jié)果,一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用Ihavelostmypen.Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.Shehasbrokenmyheart.句型變化：★變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首,變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.e.g.Haveyoulostyourpen?Ihavenotlostmypen.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.★特殊疑問(wèn)句：Whathaveyoudone?Whathashedone?一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子為過(guò)去時(shí)注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn),不能再延續(xù),因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用錯(cuò)：I’veleftBeijingfor3days.對(duì)：IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.5.過(guò)去完成時(shí)

用法：在過(guò)去的時(shí)間里,兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,發(fā)生在前的那個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過(guò)去分詞

Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.

TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.