專題八定語(yǔ)從句 公開(kāi)課教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

專題八定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有who,whom,which,that,whose等,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等;關(guān)系副詞主要有when,where,why等,在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。本部分知識(shí)考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)主要集中在關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)分、whose的運(yùn)用以及“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中介詞和關(guān)系代詞的選擇上。在語(yǔ)法填空試題中其考查點(diǎn)主要表現(xiàn)為無(wú)提示型的填空形式。考點(diǎn)一關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1[2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·語(yǔ)法填空](節(jié)選)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdisease…

[試題分析]that或which考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。此處astudy是先行詞,其在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),故填that或which?！究键c(diǎn)歸納】關(guān)系代詞的使用規(guī)則關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句who,whom,that代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,其中whom只能作賓語(yǔ),介詞提前時(shí),指人只能用whom;that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句which,that代替的先行詞是表示物的名詞或代詞,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等whose用來(lái)指人或物,在從句中作定語(yǔ)當(dāng)主句中出現(xiàn)thesame,such,so修飾先行詞時(shí),要選擇as作關(guān)系代詞,as在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)只用that的情況先行詞是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代詞時(shí)先行詞被theonly,thevery,any,few,no,little等修飾時(shí)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)先行詞為人、物并用時(shí)只用which的情況介詞提前時(shí),指物只能用which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,指物只用which考點(diǎn)二關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句2[2017·浙江卷6月考·語(yǔ)法填空](節(jié)選)…wasspreadoverthegarden,itremaineduntilthecarrotsleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生長(zhǎng))throughit.

[試題分析]where考查定語(yǔ)從句。此處先行詞是thegarden,在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故填where。【考點(diǎn)歸納】關(guān)系副詞的使用規(guī)則關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句when,where,why的先行詞分別是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞,并且在從句中作狀語(yǔ)特殊用法當(dāng)先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞,如point,situation,case,stage等時(shí),如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句先行詞occasion當(dāng)“時(shí)機(jī)”講時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞when;當(dāng)“場(chǎng)合”講時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞where當(dāng)先行詞way意為“方法、方式”,且在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可用that,inwhich或省略關(guān)系詞這三種形式【技巧點(diǎn)撥】如何判斷關(guān)系詞①選用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ),就必須用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。②準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在從句中的成分(主、賓、定、表、狀)才能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。如果先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ),選擇關(guān)系代詞(which,that,who,whom,whose);如果先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),選擇關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)。熟練掌握每個(gè)關(guān)系詞的用法是解題的關(guān)鍵?？键c(diǎn)三“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句3Manyyoungpeople,mostofwerewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.

[試題分析]whom句意:許多年輕人——他們之中的大部分人都受過(guò)良好的教育——前往邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)追逐他們的夢(mèng)想。該句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞youngpeople指人,故填whom作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。4Thenewlybuiltcafé,thewallsofarepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.

[試題分析]which句意:新建的咖啡館的墻被涂成了淺綠色,它對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)真是一個(gè)安靜的去處,特別是在辛勤工作之后。該句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞thenewlybuiltcafé指物,故填which作介詞的賓語(yǔ)?！究键c(diǎn)歸納】“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的使用規(guī)則構(gòu)成用法介詞(短語(yǔ))+which/whom介詞提前時(shí),指物只能用which,指人只能用whom數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)/不定代詞+of+which/whom表示部分與整體的關(guān)系the+名詞+of+which/whom表示所屬關(guān)系,可轉(zhuǎn)化為“whose+名詞”【技巧點(diǎn)撥】如何選擇“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中的介詞“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”考查的重點(diǎn)在于用不用介詞和用什么介詞。介詞的確定有以下三種方式:①依據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞所需要的某種習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定。Iboughtagreatmanybooks,onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.我買了很多書(shū),這些書(shū)花了我積攢的所有錢(qián)。(spend…on…)②依據(jù)與先行詞搭配的具體意義而定。Careofthesoulisagradualprocessinwhicheventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.對(duì)心靈的關(guān)愛(ài)是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程,在這個(gè)過(guò)程中即使是細(xì)微的生活細(xì)節(jié)都應(yīng)該被考慮在內(nèi)。(inaprocess)③依據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來(lái)確定。Thecolourlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.這種無(wú)色氣體被稱作氧氣,離了它我們不能活?？键c(diǎn)四as和which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別5Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,wasverykindofhim.

[試題分析]which句意:我朋友帶我參觀了這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn),他這么做真是太體貼了。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容,用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。6wehavestressedmanytimes,“servethepeople”isourfirstpolicy.

[試題分析]As句意:正如我們多次強(qiáng)調(diào)的那樣,“為人民服務(wù)”是我們的首要方針。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句以整個(gè)主句作為先行詞,又放在主句前時(shí),用as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,表示“正如……,正像……”?！究键c(diǎn)歸納】as和which的使用規(guī)則①as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有時(shí)還可插入主句中,as常譯為“正如……,正像……”。從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為see,know,expect,say,mention,report等。Theairqualityinthecity,asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.正如報(bào)告所顯示的,在過(guò)去的兩個(gè)月里,這個(gè)城市的空氣質(zhì)量已有所改善。②which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面整個(gè)句子時(shí),只能置于主句后,常譯為“這一點(diǎn),這件事”等,這時(shí)它所引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間常含有并列或因果關(guān)系。MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein2012,whichmadeoneoftheChinesepeopleslong-helddreamscometrue.莫言被授予2012年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng),這使中國(guó)人長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)的夢(mèng)想之一變成現(xiàn)實(shí)?！稣`區(qū)警示誤區(qū)之一:關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的誤用7TheexactyearAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.

[試題分析]which/that句意:安杰拉和她的家人一起在中國(guó)度過(guò)的那年是2008年。本題先行詞為year,定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞spent為及物動(dòng)詞,從句中缺少賓語(yǔ),故填which/that。本題易受“先行詞為時(shí)間時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞”的影響而誤填when。謹(jǐn)記:判斷用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞取決于該詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。誤區(qū)之二:分隔式定語(yǔ)從句的誤用8Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandnature,,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.

[試題分析]who本題是一個(gè)典型的分隔式定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞Ellen指人,定語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ),故填who。本題易受句子結(jié)構(gòu)的影響而誤填which。[2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ]Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term1.(rest).Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayas2.modelinNewYork.

Sarah3.(tell)thatshecouldbeBritainsnewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.ButSarah,4.hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants5.(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher6.(educate).

Shehasturneddownseveral7.(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree8.engineeringorarchitecture.

Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school9.(come)first.Idontwanttogettooabsorbedinmodelling.Itis10.(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.IdontwanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcantmodelanymore.”

Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillwhichschooleducationdepends.

2.OppositeisStPaulsChurch,youcanhearsomelovelymusic.

3.ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.

4.Thenumberofsmokers,isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.

5.Thebooksonthedesk,coversareshiny,areprizesforus.

6.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimeheshouldbeabletobeindependent.

7.Behindhimwerepeopletohewastryingtotalk.

8.Hewrotemanychildrensbooks,nearlyhalfofwerepublishedinthe1990s.

9.Iamlookingforwardtothedaymydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.

10.Exerciseissomethingcanhelptomakeyoulookgood,feelgoodandbehealthy.

11.Pleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.

12.Nowadaysmanyvolunteersareworkinginareashavedryclimates.

13.Wellreachthesalestargetinamonthwesetatthebeginningoftheyear.

14.Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparksanimalsandplantscanbeprotected.

15.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosearegoodatrecognizingtheirownstrength.

Ⅱ.語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)法填空Fishisessentialforahealthydiet.ForChinesepeople,fishisnotonlydeliciousandofhighnutritiousvalue,butalso16.culturalsymbol.DuringtheSpringFestival,eatingfish17.(think)toleadtoaprosperousNewYear.Besideseatingfish,peopleputuppicturesoffishonthewallsof18.(they)housesandpaper-cuttingfeaturingfishontheirwindows.19.(fisherman)makefishlampsanddospecialfishdancestoprayforahappyandrichlife.Moreover,thefishalsorepresents20.(free).Chinesepeoplehaveanidiom21.(mean)“l(fā)ikeafishswimminginwater”todescribehowsmoothandtrouble-freeapersonslifeandworkcanbe.

InChineseculture,themost22.(represent)fishisliyu,orthecarp.LegendhasitthatonceacarpjumpedovertheDragongateandbecameadragon,23.symbolizespower,authorityandroyaltyinChina.Thestoryistryingtomakeastatementthatordinarypeople,throughhardefforts,cansucceed.Therefore,thecarpacts24.amessenger,encouragingpeople25.(face)difficultyandworkhard.Inancienttimes,peoplewouldpresentthecarpasacongratulatorygiftwheneverachildwasborn.

專題八定語(yǔ)從句真題典例【文章大意】文章介紹了紐約市16歲的高中女孩薩拉,她不僅學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)好,長(zhǎng)得漂亮,而且是一名收入不菲的時(shí)裝模特。她爸爸希望她退學(xué)專門(mén)從事模特行業(yè),但是她以學(xué)業(yè)為重,堅(jiān)持目前以學(xué)業(yè)為主。1.resting考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。spend…(in)doingsth是固定句式,意為“花……做某事”。2.a考查冠詞。根據(jù)句意和語(yǔ)境可知,薩拉只是紐約眾多模特中的一個(gè),是泛指;而且model的第一個(gè)音素是輔音音素,故用不定冠詞a。3.hasbeentold/wastold考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。tell后接雙賓語(yǔ),因此可判斷此句用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);再根據(jù)后面句子的時(shí)態(tài)可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。4.who考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空后面是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,缺少連接詞,代指先行詞Sarah,在從句中作主語(yǔ),故填who。5.toprove考查動(dòng)詞不定式。wanttodosth為固定搭配,故用動(dòng)詞不定式。6.education考查名詞。前面是形容詞性物主代詞her,故用名詞形式。7.invitations考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)句意“她拒絕了幾個(gè)邀請(qǐng)”可知,此處需要填名詞,而且invitation是可數(shù)名詞,前面有several修飾,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。8.in考查介詞。getadegreein是固定搭配,意為“在……方面獲得學(xué)位”。9.comes考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)atthemoment可知這個(gè)句子應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),而且主語(yǔ)是單數(shù),故用comes。10.certainly考查副詞。certainly在此處修飾形容詞fun。模擬演練Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.upon/on句意:一些專家認(rèn)為閱讀是學(xué)校教育依賴的基本技能。此處是“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞skill。根據(jù)dependon/upon可知填upon/on。2.where句意:圣保羅教堂就在對(duì)面,在那里你可以聽(tīng)到一些美妙的音樂(lè)。先行詞StPaulsChurch表示地點(diǎn),定語(yǔ)從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故填where。3.which句意:《今日中國(guó)》吸引了全世界的讀者,這表明世界上越來(lái)越多的人想要了解中國(guó)。定語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ),在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用which作主語(yǔ),并指代前面的整個(gè)句子。4.as句意:正如報(bào)道的那樣,在僅僅一年的時(shí)間內(nèi)吸煙者的數(shù)量已經(jīng)下降了17%。as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,指代整個(gè)主句,含有“正如”之意。5.whose句意:桌上那些封面閃閃發(fā)光的書(shū)是給我們的獎(jiǎng)品。名詞covers缺少定語(yǔ),故用whose修飾covers,相當(dāng)于thecoversofwhich。6.when句意:作為家里最小的孩子,亞歷克斯一直渴望著他能獨(dú)立的時(shí)候。先行詞time指時(shí)間,從句主要成分齊全,故用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,并作狀語(yǔ)。7.whom句意:在他身后的人是那些他盡力想與之講話的人。先行詞people指人,故用whom作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)。8.which句意:他寫(xiě)了許多兒童書(shū)籍,幾乎一半是在二十世紀(jì)九十年代出版的。先行詞books指物,故用which作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。9.when句意:我一直期待著我的女兒能讀到這本書(shū)、能明白我對(duì)她的感情的那一天。先行詞theday指時(shí)間,從句主要結(jié)構(gòu)完整,故用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。10.that先行詞是不定代詞something,從句缺少主語(yǔ),故用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。11.that先行詞information被all修飾,從句動(dòng)詞have缺少賓語(yǔ),故用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。注意:先行詞被all,theonly,only或形容詞最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。12.which/that句意:現(xiàn)在許多志愿者正在氣候干旱的地區(qū)工作。先行詞areas指物,定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ),故填which/that。13.which/that句意:一個(gè)月以后我們將會(huì)達(dá)到年初所定的銷售目標(biāo)。先行詞是thesalestarget,關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作set的賓語(yǔ),故填which/that。14.where句