初中直接引語與間接引語用法總結(jié)與練習(xí)

初中直接引語與間接引語用法總結(jié)與練習(xí)（無答案）引述別人的話有兩種方式：一是使用引號引出別人的原話，這叫做直接引語；一是用自己的話把別人的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來，這叫做間接引語。例如：

Johnsaid,"I'mgoingtoLondonwithmyfather."

JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，分以下情況：

1．直接引語是陳述句時

間接引語為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，主句的引述動詞主要有say,tell,repeat,explain,think等。

Hesaid,"YouareyoungerthanI."-'Hesaid(that)Iwasyoungerthanhim.2.直接引語是疑問句時

變成間接引語時，間接引語用陳述語序：主句的謂語動詞say改為ask,或改為wonder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,bepuzzled等。若主句的謂語動詞本身就為ask，則變?yōu)殚g接引語時ask不必再變化。

（1）一般疑問句變?yōu)閕f(whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

Shesaid,"Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?"

→Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.

Sheaskedme,"Youhaveseenthefilm,haven'tyou?"

→Sheaskedmewhether(或if)Ihadseenthefilm.（2）選擇疑問句變?yōu)閣hether….or賓語從句。

Iaskedhim,"Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?"

→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.(3)特殊疑問句變?yōu)橛稍瓉淼囊蓡栐~引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

Heasked,"Wheredoyoulive?"→HeaskedmewhereIlived.3.直接引語是祈使句時

變?yōu)殚g接引語時，間接引語用不定式，主句的謂語動詞say應(yīng)根據(jù)直接引語的口氣換成ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise，invite這些動詞。即ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise，invitesb(not)todosth..Theteachersaidtotheboy,"Openthewindow."→Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.注意：若是祈使句的否定形式，那么don't變?yōu)閚ot.

Hisfathersaidtohim,"Don'tleavethedooropen."→Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.4.[注意]：（1）有些表示建議、提議、勸告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest,insist等動詞加以轉(zhuǎn)述。例如：

Hesaid,"Let'sgotothetheatre."

→Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre.或Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre.

(2)"Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?"heasked.

→Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.

"Whydon'tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?"heasked.

→headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper.

"Shallwelistentothemusic?"heasked.

→Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.（此部分不做特別要求）5.直接引語是感嘆句時

變?yōu)殚g接引語時，間接引語還為what或how引導(dǎo)，但也可以用that引導(dǎo)。

Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!"

→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.

6．如果主句謂語動詞為各種現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，則間接引語中的動詞仍保持直接引語原來時態(tài)。如果主句謂語動詞為過去時，間接引語中的動詞時態(tài)按下列變化（變?yōu)檫^去的某種時態(tài)）：

（1）一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時

（2）現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時

（3）一般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時

（4）現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時

（5）一般過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時

（6）過去完成時不變，仍為過去完成時7．直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱代詞的變化。（1）直接引語中的第一人稱，一般轉(zhuǎn)換為第三人稱。Eg，Hesaid，“mymotherisadoctor.”—hesaidhismotherisadoctor.(2)直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對轉(zhuǎn)述人說的，轉(zhuǎn)換為第一人稱。Eg，“youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”hetoldtoldmethatIshouldbemore…….（3）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對第三人稱說的，轉(zhuǎn)換為第三人稱。Eg，shetoldherstudent,“Iwillcheckyourhomework.”---shetoldherstudentthatshewouldcheckhis/herhomework.8.直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語時的一些詞的變化表。Will---would；This---these；these---those；Here---there；bring---take；come---gonow---then；today---thatday；thisweek(month)---thatweek(month)

yesterday---thedaybefore；lastweek(month)----theweek(month)before；threedays(ayear)ago---threedays(ayear)before；Tomorrow---thenext(following)day；nextweek(month)----thenext(following)week(month)

[注意]：（1）如果直接引語是表示客觀真理時，變?yōu)殚g接引語，一般現(xiàn)在時不改為一般過去時。

Theteachersaid"Theearthgoesroundthesun."

→Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.

（2）如果直接引語中有明確表示過去時間的狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，一般過去時不改為過去完成時。

Hesaidtome,"Iwasbornin1973."

→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.(3)如果直接引語所述事實在當(dāng)時和現(xiàn)在同樣生效，也就是說是不隨時間的變化而改變時，變?yōu)殚g接賓語時，一般現(xiàn)在時不改為一般過去時。

Hesaid,"I'maboy,notagirl."

→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.(4)如果直接引語中的謂語動詞表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣動作，在變?yōu)殚g接引時，一般現(xiàn)在時不改為一般過去時。

Thegirlsaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning."

→Thegirlsaidthatshegetsupatsixeverymorning.(5)如果直接引語中含有since,when,while引導(dǎo)的表示過去時間的狀語從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，只改變主句中的謂語動詞，從句的一般過去時則不變。

Hesaidtome,"IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecamehere."

→HetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.(6)如果直接引語中含有情態(tài)動詞must,need,hadbetter以及情態(tài)動詞的過去式could,might,should,would,在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，這些情態(tài)動詞沒有時態(tài)的改變。

Theteachersaidtome."Youmustpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation."

→TheteachertoldmethatImust(haveto)paymoreattentiontomypronunciation.

Hesaid,"IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix."

→Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.（7）當(dāng)直接引語是名人名言或諺語時，從句時態(tài)不變。Hesaid,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”→Hesaidwherethereisawill，thereisaway.專項練習(xí)：1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______mettheday______.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.14.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme___________________himthenews.15.“Areyouintestedinthis?”hesaid.He____________Iwasinterestdin______.I.請將下列直接引語改為間接引語。1.“I'mgladtoreceiveyoure-mail,”saidhe.________________________________________________2.Hesaidtome,“Areyougoinghomethisweekend?”________________________________________________3.“Howdoyoulikethefoodhere?”saidshe.________________________________________________4.Shesaidtome,“Don'trideinthestreet.”________________________________________________5.“Standwhereyouare!”thepolicesaidtotheyoungman.________________________________________________II.請在下列空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語，使句意不變。1．Shesaid,“Areyoufromthesouth?”Sheasked________I________fromthesouth.2.Momsaidtome,“Don'ttellalie.”Mom________me________________tellalie.3．Susansaidtome,“WevisitedtheRedStarFarmlastweek.”Susantoldmethat________________________theRedStarFarm________________________.4．MrPaulsaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”MrPaul________usthatlight________fasterthansound.5．“Goandposttheletters,”themanagersaidtohim.Themanager________him________________andposttheletters.1.“You’vealreadygotwell,haven’tyou?”sheasked.

→Sheasked________.

A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadn’tyou

B.whetherIhadalreadygotwell

C.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.

2.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”

→Heaskedme_________.

A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember

B.wasIaParty