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試卷第=page11頁(yè),共=sectionpages33頁(yè)試卷第=page55頁(yè),共=sectionpages55頁(yè)第31課平面向量基本定理及坐標(biāo)表示學(xué)校:___________姓名:___________班級(jí):___________考號(hào):___________【基礎(chǔ)鞏固】1.(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知向量SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5【答案】D【分析】先求得SKIPIF1<0,然后求得SKIPIF1<0.【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:D2.(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】根據(jù)題意得到SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合SKIPIF1<0,列出方程,即可求解.【詳解】由題意,向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.3.(2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))如圖,在平行四邊形ABCD中,對(duì)角線AC與BD交于點(diǎn)O,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)平面向量線性運(yùn)算法則計(jì)算可得;【詳解】解:因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.4.(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))在平行四邊形SKIPIF1<0中,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【分析】根據(jù)題意得SKIPIF1<0,再分析求解即可.【詳解】如下圖所示,連接SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0為三角形SKIPIF1<0的重心,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.5.(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,則與SKIPIF1<0共線的單位向量為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】求出SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo),除以SKIPIF1<0,再考慮方向可得.【詳解】由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,與SKIPIF1<0同向的單位向量為SKIPIF1<0,反向的單位向量為SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.6.(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))如圖,邊長(zhǎng)為2的等邊三角形的外接圓為圓SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為圓SKIPIF1<0上任一點(diǎn),若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.2 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.1【答案】A【分析】等和線的問(wèn)題可以用共線定理,或直接用建系的方法解決.【詳解】作BC的平行線與圓相交于點(diǎn)P,與直線AB相交于點(diǎn)E,與直線AC相交于點(diǎn)F,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,∵BC//EF,∴設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0故選:A.7.(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.1【答案】A【分析】根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0求解.【詳解】解:因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0.故選:A8.(2022·廣東·高三開(kāi)學(xué)考試)在平行四邊形SKIPIF1<0中,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0分別滿足SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】結(jié)合向量加法法則與減法法則運(yùn)算求解即可.【詳解】解:因?yàn)樵谄叫兴倪呅蜸KIPIF1<0中,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0分別滿足SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:A9.(多選)(2022·重慶市涪陵高級(jí)中學(xué)校模擬預(yù)測(cè))已知向量SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則下列說(shuō)法正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0的值為2 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】BD【分析】先根據(jù)向量加法,可直接求出SKIPIF1<0.對(duì)選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0,直接求出向量SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的模,然后驗(yàn)證即可;對(duì)選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0,直接求出余弦值;對(duì)選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0,直接求出向量SKIPIF1<0的模;對(duì)選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0,直接求出正弦值.【詳解】根據(jù)向量的加法可得:SKIPIF1<0根據(jù)誘導(dǎo)公式及同角三角函數(shù)的關(guān)系,且SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0.對(duì)選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則有:SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0,則有:SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0正確;對(duì)選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則有:SKIPIF1<0故有:SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0,則有:SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0正確.故選:BD.10.(多選)(2022·福建·三明一中模擬預(yù)測(cè))已知向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,下列說(shuō)法正確的是(
)A.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0 B.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0C.若SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的夾角為鈍角,則SKIPIF1<0 D.若SKIPIF1<0,向量SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0方向上的投影為SKIPIF1<0【答案】ABD【分析】利用共線向量的坐標(biāo)表示可判斷A選項(xiàng);利用向量垂直結(jié)合向量的模長(zhǎng)公式可判斷B選項(xiàng);由已知SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0不共線,求出SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍,可判斷C選項(xiàng);利用平面向量的幾何意義可判斷D選項(xiàng).【詳解】對(duì)于A選項(xiàng),若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,A對(duì);對(duì)于B選項(xiàng),若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0,B對(duì);對(duì)于C選項(xiàng),若SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的夾角為鈍角,則SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0不共線,則SKIPIF1<0,故當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的夾角為鈍角,則SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,C錯(cuò);對(duì)于D選項(xiàng),若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以,向量SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0方向上的投影為SKIPIF1<0,D對(duì).故選:ABD.11.(多選)(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn),且SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0∥SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0【答案】BC【分析】由已知條件可得點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的重心,然后由三角形的重心的性質(zhì)逐個(gè)分析判斷即可【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0三點(diǎn)共線,且SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為中線,所以點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的重心,連接SKIPIF1<0并延長(zhǎng)交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0∥SKIPIF1<0故選:BC.12.(2022·山東·濟(jì)南市歷城第二中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè))設(shè)向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0__________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】根據(jù)向量共線的坐標(biāo)表示,列出方程,即可求得答案.【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.13.(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0______.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】根據(jù)題意可知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0不共線,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,代入結(jié)合向量相等運(yùn)算.【詳解】根據(jù)題意可知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0不共線若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0則可得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.14.(2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))在邊長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0的等邊SKIPIF1<0中,已知SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在線段SKIPIF1<0上,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】根據(jù)題意得SKIPIF1<0,求出SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,求解即可.【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)辄c(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在線段SKIPIF1<0上,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0三點(diǎn)共線,由平面向量三點(diǎn)共線定理得,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0是邊長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0的等邊三角形,所以SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.15.(2022·浙江大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三階段練習(xí))已知正三角形SKIPIF1<0的邊長(zhǎng)為2,D是邊SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),動(dòng)點(diǎn)P滿足SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為_(kāi)__________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】構(gòu)建以SKIPIF1<0為原點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0為x、y軸的直角坐標(biāo)系,確定相關(guān)點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)并設(shè)SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0),由向量線性關(guān)系的坐標(biāo)表示列方程得到SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的三角函數(shù)式,應(yīng)用正弦型函數(shù)性質(zhì)求最大值.【詳解】由題設(shè),SKIPIF1<0在以SKIPIF1<0為圓心,1為半徑的圓上或圓內(nèi),構(gòu)建以SKIPIF1<0為原點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0為x、y軸的直角坐標(biāo)系,如下圖示:所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0),所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0有最大值SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<016.(2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))平面內(nèi)給定兩個(gè)向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)求SKIPIF1<0;(2)若SKIPIF1<0,求實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值.解:(1)由已知SKIPIF1<0,因此,SKIPIF1<0.(2)由已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.17.(2021·江蘇·沛縣教師發(fā)展中心高三階段練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)若SKIPIF1<0,求D點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo);(2)設(shè)向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0平行,求實(shí)數(shù)k的值.解:(1)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.(2)由題意得,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0平行,所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.所以實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值為SKIPIF1<0.18.(2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))如圖所示,已知矩形ABCD中,SKIPIF1<0,AC與MN相交于點(diǎn)E.(1)若SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的值;(2)用向量SKIPIF1<0表示SKIPIF1<0.解:(1)以A點(diǎn)為原點(diǎn),AB所在直線為x軸,AD所在直線為y軸,建立平面直角坐標(biāo)系,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0解得SKIPIF1<0(2)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0.解得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镸,E,N三點(diǎn)共線,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0﹒【素養(yǎng)提升】1.(2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的外接圓上的一點(diǎn),若SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【分析】先解三角形得到SKIPIF1<0為直角三角形,建立直角坐標(biāo)系,通過(guò)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0表示出SKIPIF1<0,借助三角函數(shù)求出最小值.【詳解】由余弦定理得SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.以AC的中點(diǎn)為原點(diǎn),建立如圖所示的平面直角坐標(biāo)系,易得A(-1,0),C(1,0),B(-SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0),設(shè)P的坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立.故選:B.2.(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))根據(jù)畢達(dá)哥拉斯定理,以直角三角形的三條邊為邊長(zhǎng)作正方形,從斜邊上作出的正方形的面積正好等于在兩直角邊上作出的正方形面積之和.現(xiàn)在對(duì)直角三角形SKIPIF1<0按上述操作作圖后,得如圖所示的圖形,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0____________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】建立平面直角坐標(biāo)系,標(biāo)出各個(gè)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo),利用平面向量的坐標(biāo)運(yùn)算即可得解.【詳解】如圖,以A為原點(diǎn),分別以SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0軸建立平面直角坐標(biāo)系,設(shè)正方形SKIPIF1<0的邊長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,則正方形SKIPIF1<0的邊長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,正方形SKIPIF1<0邊長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0可知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0又SKIPIF1
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