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外研版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)短語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)集MODULE1五種簡(jiǎn)單句歌決英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句,五種結(jié)構(gòu)型,縮簡(jiǎn)句子后,結(jié)構(gòu)自清楚,表主語(yǔ)狀態(tài),即為主系表,主謂關(guān)與主謂賓,二者需分清,動(dòng)作對(duì)象人和物,那么是間賓加直賓,二賓位置可互換,介詞to,for記心間,句子已有主謂賓,賓語(yǔ)再補(bǔ)方完整,賓語(yǔ)加上補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),二者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓。1、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞〔SV〕不及物動(dòng)詞,不能帶賓語(yǔ),但有些要接狀語(yǔ)意義才完整。2、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)〔SVP〕系動(dòng)詞:be,look,seem,become,feel,get,turn,grow,smell,taste,keep,sound3、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)〔SVO〕4、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)〔SVOO〕直接賓語(yǔ)在前,加for或to連接間接賓語(yǔ)。give,show,send,bring,pass,lend,leave,hand,feel,return,promise,refuse,throw用to;make,buy,do,get,play,order,sing,pay用for.5、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)〔SVOC〕6、therebe句型。therebe動(dòng)詞以最近的主語(yǔ)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)7,祈使句,肯定以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭,反問(wèn)用willyou?/won’tyou?,否認(rèn)用Don’t+動(dòng)詞原形,反問(wèn)用willyou?,8,Let’s…用shallwe?9,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):表過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果,或持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。常用詞語(yǔ)already,yet,ever,never,just,before,for+sometime,since,詞語(yǔ)takeup占據(jù),代詞放中間takeaway拿走,takesth.back,收回某物take….to…把…帶到….takeoff脫下,起飛takeplace發(fā)生,takearest休息一下abit,alittle,作狀語(yǔ)形/副時(shí)可互換abitof=alittle,有點(diǎn)兒,修飾不可數(shù)名詞ontime按時(shí),intime及時(shí),fromtimetotime有時(shí),alongtime很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,playtheviolinplay+the+樂(lè)器,play+球,make+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(使..處于某種狀態(tài),地位)makesb.dosth.使某人做某事,makesb/sth+形容詞使某人/某物…makesb.sth=makesthforsb.為某人做某事,makemoney賺錢,makealiving謀生,maketrouble引起麻煩,makefriendswithsb.與某人交朋友,makewar開(kāi)戰(zhàn),makeafire生火,makeaface做鬼臉,make..from用..制成〔用被動(dòng)〕bemadeof用..制成〔用被動(dòng)〕makefunof取笑,與…開(kāi)玩笑,makeroomfor為…讓地方,makeup編造,makeupone’smind決心,拿定主意,attheendof在…盡頭,在…末尾,〔時(shí)間,位置〕bytheendof=notlaterthanbytheendof到…末為止,+過(guò)去時(shí)間,用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)bytheendof+現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),intheend=atlast=finally,最后end〔動(dòng)詞〕upwith以…結(jié)束,cometoanend告終,結(jié)束,sthhappentosb某事發(fā)生在某人身上happentodosth.碰巧發(fā)生某事takeplace發(fā)生,預(yù)料中發(fā)生的事,happen是偶然發(fā)生的,befamousfor因..而知名,(外界客觀)befamousas作為….而知名,(本身身份)begoodfor對(duì)…有益,begoodat擅長(zhǎng),be/get/becomeinterestedin主語(yǔ)是人,某人對(duì)某事產(chǎn)生興趣have/takeaninterestin對(duì)某事感興趣,asaresult結(jié)果,asaresultof由于,因?yàn)?aswell也,肯定,句末,inlife一生中,allone’slife一生,終身thinkabout考慮,思考,想起,thinkof想起thinkover思考lookafter=takecareof=carefor,照顧lookover,檢查,查看,lookfor尋找,lookup查找/向上看,some…others沒(méi)有范圍的“一些…另一些〞,但不是全體,some…theothers某一范圍的“一些….其他〞的,表全體,one….another不定數(shù)目中的“一個(gè)…另一個(gè)〞one….theother兩者中的“一個(gè)…另一個(gè)〞It’s+adj.+forsb.+todosth.外界原因,It’s+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.人的品質(zhì),remember/forgettodosth.想起/忘記要做某事,remember/forgetdoingsth.想起/忘記做過(guò)某事。suchas像…,例如,forexample句首,句中,用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),縮寫(xiě)e.g,trytodosth努力做某事,trydoingsth.嘗試做某事try/doone’sbest(todosth)盡某人的最大努力(做某事),tryout試驗(yàn),tryon試穿tidyup收拾,fan扇,fanoneself,給某人自己扇風(fēng),fantheflame煽動(dòng)情緒,amoviefan,影迷,un反義前綴,tidy-untidy,happy-unhappy,comfortable-uncomfortableatleast至少,forthefirsttime首次,haveagoodtime,玩得快樂(lè)beginwith以…開(kāi)頭,acollectionof….的收藏,giveaninterview,會(huì)面,做訪談besure確信,相信buysb.sth=buysthforsb買某物給某人bepopularwith,受…的歡送beusefulin(for)doingsth,有助于useful反義詞useless,比擬級(jí)前加more,最高級(jí)前加most,develop,名詞development,developing開(kāi)展中.developed興旺的,success名詞,succeed動(dòng)詞,successful形容詞,successfully副詞,failure失敗beusefulto/for對(duì)….有用,intheway以這種方式,longago很久以前,start,begin當(dāng)用于進(jìn)行時(shí),后用to+V原,主語(yǔ)是物時(shí),后用+toV原,aswellas連接兩相同的內(nèi)容,comeout出版,開(kāi)放,出現(xiàn),whatdoyouthinkof=howdoyoulikeshowsb.sth=showsthtosb.apieceofmusic一首樂(lè)曲,主語(yǔ)是人needtodosth需要做某事,主語(yǔ)是物needdoing需要被做某事,dresssb給某人穿衣,dressoneself自己穿衣be/getdressedin=dressin+衣服或顏色,findout查明,指人的不定代詞:somebody/someone,everybody/everyone,anybody/anyone,nobody/noone指物的不定代詞,anything,something,everything,nothing后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ),不要to的有,一感feel,二聽(tīng)hear,listento,三讓have,let,make,四看see,lookat,watch,notice,半幫助help,動(dòng)詞后只跟V-ing的有:finish,practice,mind,feellike,miss,keep,pardon,excuse,suggestconsider,giveup,can’thelp,就近原那么:notonly…butalso,不僅.而且either…or..不是…就是,或者..或者neither…nor既不…也不…,世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的加the前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)詞的再次出現(xiàn)時(shí)用thealso也,肯定句中,too也,肯定/疑問(wèn)句,句末,〔逗號(hào)〕,either也,否認(rèn),句末,逗號(hào),when,while,as的用法:when可引用可延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性,主從句的動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性,只用whenwhile引用可延續(xù)性,主從句的動(dòng)詞是可延續(xù)性,只用whileas常用于同時(shí)發(fā)生的spend,pay,cost,take的用法spend:sb.spend(s)somemoneyonsth.sb.spend(s)sometimeonsth.sb.spend(s)somemoney(in)buyingsth.sb.spend(s)sometime(in)doingsth.pay:sb.pay(s)somemoneyforsth.cost:sthcostsb.somemoneytake:Ittakessb.sometimetodosthIttakessb.somemoneytobuysth.probably句中,不用于句未,不用于句首,maybe可能性很小,口語(yǔ),句首perhaps或許句首,句中MODULE2賓語(yǔ)從句是在動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等后的從句。引導(dǎo)詞展示關(guān):1.賓語(yǔ)從句是陳述句時(shí),常用that引導(dǎo),that可以省略;2.特殊疑問(wèn)句改為賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),由原來(lái)的連接代詞、副詞引導(dǎo);3.一般疑問(wèn)句改成的,用連詞if或whether引導(dǎo),兩者都有是否的意思,通??梢蕴鎿Q。不能省略。語(yǔ)序應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序:主語(yǔ)在前,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在后,〔帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),取決于主句的句式,與從句無(wú)關(guān)。主是陳述句,用句號(hào),主是疑問(wèn)句,用問(wèn)號(hào)〕時(shí)態(tài)照應(yīng):1.主句是祈使句或主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí),從句不受影響,根據(jù)從句自身的情況選用時(shí)態(tài)。2.主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句也一定用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)〔一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)等〕3.從句是客觀真理、客觀自然現(xiàn)象等,任何時(shí)候都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?!惨訡ouldyoutellme....?/wouldyoutellme...?開(kāi)頭的不能用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。〕否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移:當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,guess,suppose等時(shí),主句的主語(yǔ)是又是第一人稱,人句表示的否認(rèn)意義轉(zhuǎn)移到主句,〔反問(wèn)句遵循主是我人用他,主是他就用他。〕轉(zhuǎn)換“變臉〞關(guān):一些動(dòng)詞:tell,know,ask,show,teach,find(out),forget都可接連接〔副〕詞+不定式〔連接副詞why除外〕也就是疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式〔to〕舉行會(huì)議holdameeting;〔不掛斷〕等一下holdtheline,holdon,if當(dāng)“是否〞講時(shí)引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句,該用將來(lái)時(shí)就用將來(lái)時(shí)。E.gIdon’tcareifitwillrain.if當(dāng)“如果〞講時(shí)引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Iwillhaveapicnicifitdoesn’traintomorrow.接近于closeto,停止,關(guān)閉closedownhearof/about聽(tīng)說(shuō);hearfromsb,收到某人的來(lái)信;hear,see,watch,notich,后跟V-原,表示發(fā)生了,后跟V-ing表示正在發(fā)生。In加一段時(shí)間,常用用將來(lái)時(shí)will,用howsoon提問(wèn)。bedifferentfrom與...不同;beexcitedabout對(duì)....感到興奮/沖動(dòng);為什么不做某事呢,做....怎么樣?Whydon'tyoudothat?=whynotdothat?提建議:Let'sdosth!Shallwe/Idosth?What(how)aboutdoingsth?sometime過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)某個(gè)時(shí)候,用于過(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí);sometime一段時(shí)間表,sometimes幾次,幾倍,sometimes有時(shí)常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)。alone強(qiáng)調(diào)單獨(dú)的個(gè)體,多作表語(yǔ)。lonely表示感情上的孤獨(dú)。laughatsb.嘲笑某人,laughoneselftodeath笑得要死;worryaboutsb/sth.擔(dān)憂某人/某事;beworriedabout=worryabout擔(dān)憂的,憂慮的;asusual照常,像平常一樣;thanusual較平常....aunusualman一個(gè)不尋常的人,passby過(guò)去〔人〕從旁而過(guò)passon(to)繼續(xù)前進(jìn),傳遞;touchsbtotheheart.觸動(dòng)某人的心弦,beintouchwith與...接觸;keepintouchwith與....保持聯(lián)系;getin(into)touchwith與....取得聯(lián)系;losetouchwith與....失去聯(lián)系,touchoff觸發(fā),激起。Itdoesn'tmatter.不要緊;thematter麻煩事;nomatterhow(what,when,where...)不管怎樣〔什么,哪里,何時(shí)..〕Howmany多少,用于可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量提問(wèn),后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù);howmuch多少,用于不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量或價(jià)格提問(wèn),howold多大,對(duì)年齡進(jìn)行提問(wèn);howlong多長(zhǎng),多久,對(duì)一段時(shí)間和物體長(zhǎng)度進(jìn)行提問(wèn),howtall多高,對(duì)有生命事物高度提問(wèn),多指人和樹(shù);howoften多久,對(duì)事物的頻率進(jìn)行提問(wèn),如對(duì)這些提問(wèn)often,usually,sometimes,never,always,threetimesaday,twiceaweek,onceamonth等howsoon多快,對(duì)將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in+一段時(shí)間提問(wèn)howfar多遠(yuǎn),對(duì)距離進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。howhigh多高,對(duì)無(wú)生命事物高度提問(wèn),多用于山、建筑物等;beafraidofdoingsth.擔(dān)憂,害怕發(fā)生某種后果;beafraidtodosthbeafraidthat從句makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友,apieceofadvice一條建議apieceofinformation一條信息;apieceofnews一條新聞wanttodosth=wouldliketodosth=feellikedoingsth.想要做某事。not...anymore=nomore不再,表示次數(shù)上或程度上不再,not...anylonger=nolonger不再,表示時(shí)間上不再延續(xù)。常語(yǔ):Isthatsb.(speaking)?Thisissb(speaking)Sbspeaking/Speaking.MayIspeaktosb?Holdon,please.CanItakeameesage,please?Whoisthat?/Whoiscalling?expecttodosth,預(yù)計(jì)做某事somuch如此多,onone'swayto在某人去...的路上bytheway順便說(shuō)一下,inone'sway阻擋,ina(one)way某種程度上,在某點(diǎn)上one'sown某人自己的,onone’sown某人自己/單獨(dú)=byoneself=alonenoone一般不與of連用,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),指人,但不具體指,常用來(lái)答復(fù)who/anyone/anybody引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。none與of連用,動(dòng)詞可用單/復(fù)數(shù),具體指什么人或物,用來(lái)答復(fù)howmany+n./howmuch+n./any+n.引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。nothing指物,不用于人,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),用來(lái)答復(fù)anything,what引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。talkto/withsb.與某人交談,talkaboutsth.withsb.與某人談?wù)撃呈耡tthemoment;此時(shí)此刻makesbdosth.使某人做某事give/take/follow/askforapieceofadvice.Wouldyoulikesth?Yes,please/No,thanks.Wouldyouliketodosth.?Yes,I'dlike/loveto.havefun〔doingsth〕做某事很愉快callback回;callsb.back給某人回,holdtheline請(qǐng)稍等,立刻rightnow,atonce,rightaway,剛剛justnow.takeamessageforsb,為某人捎信,leaveamessageforsb.為某人留口信。whether.....ornot是否welcometo....歡送來(lái)......infact事實(shí)上,acoupleof幾個(gè),兩個(gè)。bedifferentfrom與...不同,bethesameas.與...一樣apairof一雙,一對(duì),是不能分開(kāi)的,缺一不可,acoupleof,是同一類事物中相關(guān)的兩個(gè)。Goodluckwith....祝.....順利。Goodlucktosb.表示祝某人幸運(yùn);earlyautumn初秋,lateautumn晚秋,juniorhighschool初級(jí)中學(xué),faraway遙遠(yuǎn)的,(be)farawayfrom=(be)farfrom離....遠(yuǎn)sofar到現(xiàn)在為止,與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用;turnback折回,往回走;withoutaword沒(méi)有說(shuō)話;getintouchwith和...取得聯(lián)系;keepintouchwith和....保持聯(lián)系changeone’slife改變某人的生活what’sthematterwithyou?=what’swrongwithyou?=what’sthetroublewithyou?=What’stheproblemwithyou?believeinsb.信任某人atfirst起初;firstofall首先,第一;so….that如此….以至于…;too…to…太…而不能…takepridein以…自豪inpublic公開(kāi)地,當(dāng)眾;atthattime=atthatmoment在那時(shí)daybyday一天天地turnback轉(zhuǎn)身smileat對(duì)…微笑,laughatsb嘲笑某人playjokesonsb.開(kāi)某人的玩笑telljokes講笑話if與whether的用法:在ask,know,wonder等動(dòng)詞后引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可以互換。1、引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能用whether2、如果其后接動(dòng)詞不定式,那么只能用whetherIcan’tmakeupmymindwhethertogoornot.3、用于介詞之后時(shí),只能用whether4、與ornot連接時(shí),只用whether而不用if.5、if可引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“如果〞,6、evenif和asif中的if不能換成whetherMODULE3動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語(yǔ)1、常見(jiàn)的跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。一些動(dòng)詞后面常跟不定式作賓語(yǔ),如want,agree,decide等??谠E:要想拒絕忘記want,refuse,forget需要努力學(xué)習(xí)need,try,learn喜歡同意幫助like,agree,hel[希望決定開(kāi)始hope,wish,decide,begin,start2、常見(jiàn)的跟動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。這些詞主要有:finish,enjoy,,practice等。完成練習(xí)值得忙finish,practice,beworth,bebusy,繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄keepon,beusedto,giveup考慮建議不禁想consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike,喜歡思念要介意enjoy,miss,mind3、有的動(dòng)詞既可以跟動(dòng)詞不定式,也可以跟動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語(yǔ),但意義差異很大。(1)forgettodosth./forgetdoingsth.forgetdoing忘了做過(guò)某事forgettodosth忘記要做某事(2)remembertodosth.記著要做某事rememberdoing記著做過(guò)某事(3)stoptodosth.停下去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止正在做的某事/不做某事everybody/everyone每個(gè)人,動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù),用于否認(rèn)句中表示局部否認(rèn)。thanksb.forsth(doingsth)=thanksfor/thankyouforsth(doingsth)…為…而向某人表示感謝,后加v-ing;takesb.around=showsb.around帶著某人參觀,lookout(for)留神;小心,lookat看,looklike看起來(lái),lookfor尋找,lookafter照顧,lookup查找,向上看,lookoutof向…外面看,lookforwardto盼望,期待,lookover檢查,Don’tmentionit不客氣,It’smypleasure.That’sallright./You’rewelcome./Notatall.用于回復(fù)別人的感謝。keep(on)doingsth.反復(fù)做某事keep…(from)doingsth.阻止/防止…做某事,同/stop/prevent…(from)doingsth.keepaway〔使〕離開(kāi),,〔使〕不接近keepback阻止,留在后面keep…inmind把…記在心里helpsb.dosth幫助某人做某事,helpsb.withsth.在某方面幫助某人can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事helponeself/helponeselftosth自用或自取某物reportsth.tosb.把某事向某人匯報(bào)wouldlike/want,想wouldliketodosth.=wanttosth.wouldyoulike=doyouwantMe,too.我也是,前句是肯定句。Me,either.前句是否認(rèn)句。preparefor為…作準(zhǔn)備watch,see,lookat,notice,read的區(qū)別:watch,指仔細(xì)觀看,看電視、球賽等see指看望某人,看電影,看醫(yī)生等。lookat僅表示看這個(gè)動(dòng)作。notice指偶爾看到;注意到;覺(jué)察到read指看書(shū);看報(bào)。theendof…的結(jié)尾agreewith同意某人,同意某人的看法或觀點(diǎn),agreeto對(duì)…表示同意agreeon愿意;容許,認(rèn)同eachother兩者之間的“彼此,互相〞oneanother三者或三者以上之間“相互;彼此。〞lookdown向下看,lookdownupon藐視,看不起,lookupto尊重;尊敬,inradio在播音方面,Shouldn’tyoubeatschool?是一個(gè)否認(rèn)疑問(wèn)句,用于表示驚訝情緒,答語(yǔ)和反問(wèn)答復(fù)是一致的,針對(duì)事實(shí)作答。explainsth.tosb.向某人解釋某事。WhenIwasaboutfourorfiveyearsold=attheageoffourorfive.親自inpersonaskfor要…asksb.forsth向某人要某物learnfrom.向…學(xué)習(xí)learnabout/of聽(tīng)說(shuō),了解到learn…byoneself=teachoneself自學(xué)closedown停止〔播音〕,關(guān)閉動(dòng)詞變表示人的名詞時(shí)通常加er,也有局部單詞加or構(gòu)成run—runnerplay—playersing—singerwin—winnerreport—reportermanage—manageract–actorvisit—visitorcollect—collectorinvent—inventoroperate–operatorconduct–conductor售票員/列車乘務(wù)員infrontof在….前,在事物外部的前面,inthefrontof在事物內(nèi)部的前面soundlike聽(tīng)起來(lái)像…introducesb.tosb.把某人介紹給某人thelivesof…的命運(yùn)表示建議的句型有:1、Shallwe…?我們…好嗎?2、Let’s….讓我們…3、What/howabout…怎么樣?4、Whydon’tyou/we..=Whynot…?為什么不?5、Wouldyoulike….?你愿意..嗎?答復(fù)時(shí)用I’dlike/loveto.sorry,but….對(duì)于建議肯定答復(fù):Goodidea./OK/Sure/Allright./Whynot?/Great/Yes,I’dloveto對(duì)于建議否認(rèn)答復(fù):I’msorry,I’mafraid…/I’dloveto,but…..scoreagoal進(jìn)一球MODULE4playback回放,turnon翻開(kāi),多指翻開(kāi)電器、水龍頭等,turnoff關(guān)上、lendsth.tosb.=lendsb.sth.把某物借給某人borrowsb.sth=borrowsthformsb.向某人借來(lái)某物,借一段時(shí)間用keep.sendsb.sth=sendsth.tosb.sendaway派出,送出,sendup發(fā)射,sendfor派人去請(qǐng),connect….to/with…把…和…連接saveone’slife挽救某人的生命,pickup撿起,拾起,bitesb.onthehand咬某人的手,afewdaysearlier幾天前afewdayslater幾天以后climboutof從….爬出來(lái),takeaphotoof給…拍照怎么啦?:1.Whatiswrongwithsb./sth.2.What’sthematterwithsb./sth?3.What’sthetroublewithsb./sth?waitfor等待can’twaittodosth.迫不及待地去做某事atextmessage一條短信息lookonsb.as把某人看作….get/bereadytodosth準(zhǔn)備好做某事,樂(lè)意做某事get/bereadyforsth=preparefor為…準(zhǔn)備好receiveapostcard收到一張明信片,onthefrontof在前面,在正面,ontheback,在反面,在后面whatkindof什么種類,哪種,akindof一種,allkindsof各類各樣的kindof有點(diǎn)兒,相當(dāng)于alittle,abit,takeaphoto=takephotos,拍照l(shuí)ookup仰視,查找〔字典〕,looksb.upanddown,上下打量看某人lookupto尊敬,仰視,lookafter照顧,lookdownon(upon)看不起,瞧不起,lookforwardtodoingsth盼著做某事,lookthrough,瀏覽sendamessagehome,給家里發(fā)信息sendsbsth=sendsthtosb.,playback回放,turnon開(kāi),turnoff關(guān),turndown關(guān)小,turnup開(kāi)大,comeon趕快,comefrom,來(lái)自comeback回來(lái),comealong,跟著來(lái)comeover,順便來(lái)訪comedown落下,降落hurtoneself傷害某人自己saveone’slife挽救某人的生命bitesb.onthehand咬了某人的手across強(qiáng)調(diào)從一定范圍的一邊到另一邊,且在物體外表上沿著某一條線的方向而進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。through表示從某一范圍的一端到另一端,但它表示的動(dòng)作是在內(nèi)部空間進(jìn)行的,往往摜穿過(guò)沙漠、森林、窗戶等。over用作“穿過(guò),通過(guò)〞時(shí),表示到達(dá)高的障礙物的另一側(cè).pickup,撿起afew一些,幾個(gè),用于名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式肯定,few很少,幾乎沒(méi)有,用于名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式否認(rèn)alittle有一點(diǎn),用于不可數(shù)名詞表肯定,little很少,幾乎沒(méi)有表否認(rèn)onbusiness,出差借入borrow,借出lend,借一段時(shí)間keepwith和…一起,具有帶有;攜帶;與…同時(shí),隨著;由于,因?yàn)?;表示行為方式;就…?lái)說(shuō),關(guān)于。Whatisthepriceofsth?=Howmuchis/aresth.某物多少錢?besurprisedtodosth做某事而感到驚奇,afewdaysearlier幾天前,show….to…..把…給…看,suggesttosb向某人提建議,Irish愛(ài)爾蘭的,Ireland愛(ài)爾蘭,Irishman愛(ài)爾蘭男人,Irishwoman愛(ài)爾蘭女人waitforsb./sth等待某人/某物hidesthfromsb把某事瞞著某人.takemedicines服藥,besurprisedatsth.對(duì)…感到驚奇besurprisedthat+從句insurprise驚奇地,toone’ssurprise令某人吃驚的是leaveforsb動(dòng)身去某地leavesp離開(kāi)某地MODULE5if引出的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)‘1.主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái);2.當(dāng)主句用祈使句或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3.如果主句中的動(dòng)詞是want,hope等詞,那么用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。4.if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句與祈使句的轉(zhuǎn)換主語(yǔ)為you的條件狀語(yǔ)從句可與“祈使句+and/or+一般講來(lái)時(shí)簡(jiǎn)單句〞句式互換。Ifyouworkharder,you’llpasstheexam.---Workharder,andyou’llpasstheexam.Ifyoudon’thurryup,you‘llmissthetrain.—Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.beableto能,會(huì),〔有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化〕alltogether一起,attheendof在…結(jié)束時(shí),takeoff卸掉,拿走;起飛;脫下atleast至少afterall畢竟,helpsb.withsth幫助某人做某事,hurryup趕快,use…for用….來(lái)干,beusedtodosth=beusedfor(doing)sth被用來(lái)干某事,beusedby被…用,offertodosth提供幫助做某事,begoodat=dowellin擅長(zhǎng),beweakin=dobadlyin在…方面弱。haveachancetodosth=haveachanceofdoingsth.有做某事的時(shí)機(jī)punishsbforsth因…而懲罰某人,oneof+名詞復(fù)數(shù),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)?!?,oneofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞用三單,最….之一花費(fèi)時(shí)間和某人/某物在一起spendsometimewithsb/sth.toomuch太多,后跟不可數(shù)名詞,muchtoo太,非常后跟形容詞或副詞。beproudof=takepridein以….自豪sendsb.away把…送走,把…攆走,把…開(kāi)除,so是副詞,通常修飾形容詞,副詞,表示“這么多〔少〕〞somany/much/few/little+名詞such是形容詞,常修飾名詞,放在a/an之前,all,no,one,few,several,some,any,many等詞之后,可以修飾各種名詞。such+a/an+adj.+單數(shù)名詞=so+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)名詞suchadj.+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)asktodosth要求做某事,asksbtosth要求某人做某事,askfor請(qǐng)求,askfortrouble自找麻煩besuretodosth一定…,必須….,besureofsth/besurethat意為確信.besureofdoingsth.有把握做某事offertodosth提出做某事,愿意做某事stealsthfromsb.stealsb.sth.gotosleep入睡,睡著,gotobed上床睡覺(jué),gotosleep/fallasleep/gettosleep入睡,睡著,beasleep睡得很熟,befastasleep睡得很熟besleeping正在睡覺(jué)。betiredof厭煩….對(duì)…感到厭煩adj./adv.+enoughforsb.+todosth做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)夠….。insteadof代替,而不是inthefrontof在..前面〔內(nèi)部〕atthebackof.在….后面beangryat/aboutsth.因某事而生氣beangrywith/atsb.和某人生氣beabletodosth能夠,refusetodosth拒絕,wouldratherdosththandosth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事warnsb.todosth.告誡某人做某事writetosb.給某人寫(xiě)信usesth.todosth.用某物做某事gowrong,出毛病,出錯(cuò)use….for用…..來(lái)做onto到….之上,into到….之內(nèi),outof從…出來(lái)這些詞語(yǔ)常與動(dòng)態(tài)詞連用makeamistake=makemistakes犯錯(cuò)誤,beangrytodosth.做某事很生氣,beangrywithsb.fordoing因某人做了某事而生氣,first…second首先…其次,感慨句:感慨的中心落在形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子上,用how引導(dǎo)感慨句。即:How+形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!感慨的中心落在名詞上,用引導(dǎo)感慨句。即:what+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!what+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!what+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!pocketmoney零用錢,afterall不管怎樣,畢竟hurryup趕快,inahurry匆忙地,hurrytodosth.匆忙去做某事saveup積攢,儲(chǔ)存,onone’swayto在某人去某地的路上,〔副詞不用to〕,bebroken破了,壞了agreewith后面常接表示人或意見(jiàn)〔看法〕的名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)feelsorryfor對(duì)…感到抱歉,對(duì)…感到遺憾find…difficult發(fā)現(xiàn)..困難getintotrouble招惹麻煩,陷入麻煩,thefirst(one)todosth.第一個(gè)做某事的人startwith=beginwith以…作開(kāi)始warnsb.(not)todosth.警告/提醒某人〔不要〕做某事warnsb.againststh./doingsth.提醒/警告某人不要做某事warnsb.of/aboutsth.警告某人某事warnsb.that警告某人…..MODULE6直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)引述別人的話有兩種方式:一是使用引號(hào)引出人家的原話,這叫做直接引語(yǔ);一是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來(lái),這叫做間接引語(yǔ)一、如何變?nèi)朔Q:下面有一句順口溜“一從主。二從賓,三不動(dòng)〞。“一從主〞是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),如果從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化如:Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithme."→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.“二從賓〞是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),假設(shè)從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱?;虮坏诙四闼揎?。從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱,如:HesaidtoKate."Howisyoursisternow?"→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。“三不動(dòng)新〞是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如:MrSmithsaid。"Jackisagoodworker。"→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。由直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ),分以下情況:1.直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí)間接引語(yǔ)為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句〔口語(yǔ)中that可以省略〕,主句的引述動(dòng)詞主要有say,tell,repeat,explain,think等。Hesaid,"YouareyoungerthanI."-’Hesaid(that)Iwasyoungerthanhim.2.直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)間接引語(yǔ)為陳述語(yǔ)序:主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞say改為ask,或改為wonder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,bepuzzled等?!?〕一般疑問(wèn)句或反意疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)閕f(whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Shesaid,"Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?"→Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.Sheaskedme,"Youhaveseenthefilm,haven’tyou?"→Sheaskedmewhether(或if)Ihadseenthefilm.〔2〕選擇疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)閣hether….or賓語(yǔ)從句。Iaskedhim,"Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?"→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.(3)特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橛稍瓉?lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Heasked,"Wheredoyoulive?"→HeaskedmewhereIlived.3.直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句時(shí)間接引語(yǔ)為不定式,作ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)〔don’t變?yōu)閚ot〕.Theteachersaidtotheboy,"Openthewindow."→Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.Hisfathersaidtohim,"Don’tleavethedooropen."→Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.⑤直接引語(yǔ)如果是以“Let‘s〞開(kāi)頭的祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用“suggest+動(dòng)句詞〔或從句〕。〞如:Hesaid,"Let’sgotothefilm."→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.[注意]〔1〕有些表示建議、提議、勸告或要求的祈使句,可以用suggest,insist等動(dòng)詞加以轉(zhuǎn)述。例如:Hesaid,"Let’sgotothetheatre."→Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre.或Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre.(2)"Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?"heasked.→Heaskedmetoopenthewindow."Whydon’tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?"heasked.→headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper."Shallwelistentothemusic?"heasked.→Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.4.直接引語(yǔ)是感慨句時(shí)間接引語(yǔ)為what或how引導(dǎo),也可以用that引導(dǎo)。Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!"→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.5.如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí),那么間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞仍保持直接引語(yǔ)原來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)按以下變化:直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)[注意]〔1〕如果直接引語(yǔ)是表示客觀真理時(shí),變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:Theteachersaid"Theearthgoesroundthesun."→Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.〔2〕如果直接引語(yǔ)中有明確表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí)不改為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如:Hesaidtome,"Iwasbornin1973."→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.(3)如果直接引語(yǔ)所述事實(shí)在當(dāng)時(shí)和目前同樣生效,變?yōu)殚g接賓語(yǔ)時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:Hesaid,"I’maboy,notagirl."→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.(4)如果直接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作,在變?yōu)殚g接引時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:Thegirlsaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning."→Thegirlsaidthatshegetsupatsixeverymorning.(5)如果直接引語(yǔ)中含有since,when,while引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句,在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),只改變主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,從句的一般過(guò)去時(shí)那么不變。如:Hesaidtome,"IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecamehere."→HetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.(6)如果直接引語(yǔ)中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must,need,hadbetter以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式could,might,should,would,在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的改變。例如:Theteachersaidtome."Youmustpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation."→TheteachertoldmethatImust(haveto)paymoreattentiontomypronunciation.Hesaid,"IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix."→Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.工程直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞thisthatthesethose表時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)nowthentodaythatdaythisweek(month,etc)thatweek(month,etcyesterdaythedaybeforelastweek(month)theweek(month)beforethreedays(ayear)agothreedays(ayear)beforetomorrowthenext(following)daynextweek(month)Thenext(following)week(month)thiseveningthateveningyesterdaymorningthemorningb

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