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備戰(zhàn)2022高考英語閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)話題+體裁分類訓(xùn)練(高考模擬+名校真題)專題49語言與文化(2022·江西·高考模擬)“Mum,whatdoesitmeanwhensomeonetellsyouthattheyhaveaskeleton(骨骼)inthecloset(衣櫥)?”Jessicaasked.“Askeletoninthecloset?”hermotherpausedthoughtfully,“Well,it’ssomethingthatyouwouldrathernothaveanyoneelseknowabout.Forexample,ifinthepast,someoneinDad’sfamilyhadbeenarrestedforstealingahorse,itwouldbe‘a(chǎn)skeletoninhisfamily’scloset’.Hereallywouldn’twantanyneighbortoknowaboutit.”“Whypickonmyfamily?”Jessica’sfathersaidwithanger.“Yourfamilyhistoryisn’tsogood,youknow.Wasn’tyougreat-greatgrandfatheraprisonerwhowastransportedtoAustraliaforhiscrimes?”“Yes,butpeoplethesedayssaythatyouarenotarealAustralianunlessyourancestorsarrivedasprisoners.”“Gosh,sorryIasked.IthinkIunderstandnow,”Jessicacutinbeforethingsgrewworse.Afterdinner,thehousewasveryquiet.Jessica’sparentswerestillquiteangrywitheachother.Hermotherwasironingclothesandeverynowandthensheglaredatherhusband,whohidbehindhisnewspaperpretendingtoread.Whenshefinished,shegatheredthefreshlypressedclothesinherarmsandwalkedtoJessica’scloset.Justassheopenedthedoorandreachedintohangaskirt,abonyarmstuckoutfromthedarkdepthsandabundleofwhitebonesfelltothefloor.Jessica’smothersankintoafaint(暈倒),wakingonlywhenJessicaputacold,wetclothonherforehead.Shelookeduptoseetheworriedfacesofherhusbandanddaughter.“Whathappened?WhereamI?”sheasked.“Youjustdestroyedtheschool’sskeleton,Mum,”explainedJessica.“Ibroughtithometohelpmewithmyhealthproject.Imeanttotellyou,butitseemedthatassoonasImentionedskeletonsandclosets,itcausedaproblembetweenyouandDad.”Jessicalookedinamazementasherparentsbegantolaughmadly.“They’rebothcrazy,”shethought.1.AccordingtoJessica’smother,“askeletoninthecloset”means________.A.a(chǎn)familyhonor B.a(chǎn)familysecretC.a(chǎn)familystory D.a(chǎn)familytreasure2.WhatcanwelearnaboutsomeAustralian’sancestorsfromParagraph2?A.TheywerebroughttoAustraliaasprisoners.B.TheyweretheearliestpeoplelivinginAustralia.C.TheywereinvolvedinsomecrimesinAustralia.D.Theywerenotregardedascriminalsintheirdays.3.Jessica’smotherfelldownintoafaintbecauseshewas________.A.knocked B.frightened C.injured D.surprised4.WhydidJessicabringaskeletonhome?A.Shewascuriousaboutit. B.Sheplannedtokeepitforfun.C.Sheneededitforherschooltask. D.Sheintendedtoscareherparents.5.Jessica’sparentslaughedmadlyattheendofthestoryprobablybecause________.A.theywerecrazyB.theywereoverexcitedC.theyrealizedtheirmisunderstandingD.theyboththoughttheyhadwonthequarrel(2018·全國·高考真題)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmericasabout1,000,Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.6.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatters. D.Theywerecloselyconnected7.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex. B.Advanced.C.Powerful. D.Modern.8.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800. B.About3,400C.About2,400 D.About1,200.9.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.Peopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.(2022·甘肅省武威第一中學(xué)高一開學(xué)考試)IntheUnitedStates,whenonebecomesrich,hewantspeopletoknowit.Andevenifhedoesnotbecomeveryrich,hewantspeopletothinkthatheis.Thatiswhat“keepingupwiththeJoneses”isabout.Itisthestoryofsomeonewhotriedtolookasrichashisneighbors.Theexpressionwasfirstusedin1913byayoungAmericancalledArthurMomand.Hetoldthisstoryabouthimself.Hebeganearning$125aweekattheageof23.Thatwasalotofmoneyinthosedays.HegotmarriedandmovedwithhiswifetoaverywealthyneighborhoodoutsideNewYorkCity.Whenhesawthatrichpeoplerodehorses,Momandwenthorsebackridingeveryday.Whenhesawthatrichpeoplehadservants,Momandandhiswifealsohiredaservantandgavebigpartiesfortheirnewneighbors.Itwaslikearace,butonecouldneverfinishhisracebecauseonewasalwaystryingtokeepup.TheraceendedforMomandandhiswifewhentheycouldnolongerpayfortheirnewwayoflife.TheymovedbacktoanapartmentinNewYorkCity.Momandlookedaroundhimandnoticedthatmanypeopledothingsjusttokeepupwithrichlifestyleoftheirneighbors.Hesawthefunnysideofitandstartedtowriteaseriesofshortstories.Hecalledit“KeepingupwiththeJoneses”because“Jones”isaverycommonnameintheUnitedStates.“KeepingupwiththeJoneses”cametomeankeepingupwithrichlifestyleofthepeoplearoundyou.Momand’sseriesappearedindifferentnewspapersacrossthecountryforover28years.PeopleneverseemtogettiredofkeepingupwiththeJoneses.Andthereare“Jonses”ineverycityoftheworld.ButonemustgettiredoftryingtokeepupwiththeJonesesbecausenomatterwhatonedoes,Mr.Jonesalwaysseemstobeahead.10.SomepeoplewanttokeepupwiththeJonesesbecausethey______.A.wanttobeasrichastheirneighbors B.wantotherstoknowortothinkthattheyarerichC.don’twantotherstoknowtheyarerich D.wanttobehappy11.Itcanbeinferredfromthestorythatrichpeopleliketo______.A.liveoutsideNewYorkCity B.liveinNewYorkcityC.liveinapartments D.havemanyneighbors12.ArthurMomandusedthename“Jones”inhisseriesofshortstoriesbecause“Jones”is______.A.a(chǎn)nimportantname B.a(chǎn)popularnameintheUnitedStatesC.hisneighbor’sname D.notagoodname13.What’stheauthor’sattitudetokeepingupwiththeJoneses?A.Negative. B.Positive.C.Supportive. D.Objective.(2022·湖北·宜昌市一中高一階段練習(xí))WelcometoLearnEnglish!ThissiteprovidesalargecollectionofEnglishasaSecondLanguage(ESL)tools&resourcesforstudents,teachers,learnersandacademics.Browseallthepagesandfindusefullinksandplentyofinformation.Didyourealizethatovertwobillionpeopleintheworldnowspeakthislanguage?Thisfigureisevergrowing.Itisthelanguageofglobalization.It'sthelanguageofinternationalbusinessandpolitics.ItistheprimarylanguageusedformostcomputersandfortheinnerworkingsoftheInternet.Giventhatthislanguagehasacquireditsworld-widereputationduetoglobalizedpowerrelations,manycompaniesandgovernmentswillobviouslyseetheadvantageofhiringnon-nativespeakersofthelanguage.Thefutureisinyourhandsandthefuturedemandsafirmcommandofthislanguage.Thereisnoneedforyou,thestudentcommunity,torushthroughthesections.TakeyourowntimeandfollowtheTORTOISEmethodsothatlearningEnglishwillbeamatteroffun.AdvancedWoffersawiderangeofprofessionalessaywritingservicesforuniversityandcollegelevelstudents.MprovidesEnglishhomeworkhelpfrombestexperts.MyPaperWhelpsstudentswithEnglishpaperwritingtasks.WeofferK-12andcollegestudentshighqualityOnline1-on-1TutoringandAssignmentHelpforAllSubjects(OOTAHAS):Math,English,Science,etc.OursisTHELEADINGandTHEBESTonlinetutoringcompanyintheworld.Ourteamofhighlyqualifiedtutorsmakelearningfunandeasyandhelpyouto…Getdetailedstep-by-stepexplanationsforabetterunderstandingofconcepts.14.ThewebsiteistargetedatthefollowingpeopleEXCEPT________.A.Teachers B.studentsC.businessmen D.learners15.WhichofthefollowingisRIGHTaboutEnglish?A.Aboutabillionpeopleworldwidespeakit.B.Itfeaturesworld-widepopularity.C.It'sthelanguageofinternationalbusinessandagriculture.D.ItisnotusedforcomputersandtheinnerworkingsoftheInternet.16.Ifyouhavetroublewithphysics,it'sbestforyoutoturntoforhelp.A.AdvancedW B.MC.MyPaperW D.OOTAHAS(2022·山西運(yùn)城·高二期末)FivewordsthatwillimmediatelymakeyousoundoldEnglishischangingfasterthaneverduetotechnologyandthegrowingpopularityofsocialmedia.Doyoulongtokeepupwiththetimes?Ifso,herearesomeold-fashionedwordsyoushouldremovefromyourvocabularylist.1.WhippersnapperAsanalterationoftheterm“snippersnapper”,thewordfirstappearedinthe17thcentury,expressingourancestors’annoyanceatill-manneredchildren.Initsmorecontemporaryversion,thewordrelatestoayoungpersonwhoistooconfidentanddoesnotshowenoughrespecttoolderpeople.2.TapeAreyouborninthe1980s?Ifso,youmaystillbeusingtheterm“tape”whenspeakingofrecordingmusicorTVshows.Today,thoughdigitalmediahasmadedatastorageonmagnetictapeathingofthepast,thisoldlinguistichabitstillexists.3.XeroxAfterlaunchingitsfirstcommerciallyavailablecopymachinein1959,Xeroxenjoyedrapidsuccess,andthebrandnamesoonbecameequaltotheword“copy”.Nowadays,theriseofmanynewprintingcompanieshasreducedXerox’smarketshare,andmakingcopiesisreferredtoasmakingcopies.So,ifayoungofficeworkerisaskedto“Xerox”adocument,heorshemayfeelmuchconfused.4.StewardessIntheearlierageofairtravel,femalecrewmembersservingairlinepassengerswerecalledstewardesses.Itwasn’tuntilmoremenenteredthefieldandthedevelopmentofwomen’srightsmovementinthe1960sand1970sthatthewordfelloutofuse.“Stewardess”wasreplacedbyamoregender-neutralterm,“flightattendant”.5.DungareesWhatweknowas“jeans”todaywereoncecalled“dungarees”torefertotrousersmadeofdenim(藍(lán)粗棉布).ThetermcomesfromakindofcheapandroughclothimportedfromDongariKilla,India.WhenmanufacturersbeganimportingtheclothformGenoainItaly,thiskindoftrousersgotanewname,“jeans”.Sodon’tbesurprisedifyoucatchyourgrandpasaying“dungarees”.17.Whocanbedescribedasawhippersnappernowadays?A.Anelderwhodoesn’tlikechildren.B.Ayoungwomanwhoisbad-tempered.C.Akidwhohasconfidenceandinfluence.D.Ayoungmanwhoalwaysfeelsheorsheismoreimportantthanothers.18.Whichofthefollowingwordshasbecomeoutdatedduetothedevelopmentoftechnology?A.Whippersnapper. B.Tape. C.Stewardess. D.Dungarees.19.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Toshowreadershowtostayyoung.B.Toexplainhowtokeepupwiththetimes.C.Totellreadersthedifferencesbetweenwords.D.Toadvisereadersagainstusingold-fashionedwords.(2022·江西·新余市第一中學(xué)高一階段練習(xí))It'shardtobelievethatmenandwomenwhogrowuptogetherinthesamecommunitycanendupspeakingdifferentlanguages,butforUbang'speopleinNigeria,it'stotallytrue.It'snotexactlyclearhowmanywordsinthemen'sandwomen'slanguagesaredifferent,butthereareenoughexamplestomakesentencessounddifferentwhenspokenbymenandwomen.Forexample,for“clothing”,menusetheword“nki”,whilewomensay“ariga”;“kitchi”means“atree”formen,whilewomensay“okweng”.Thesearenotjustpronunciationdifferences,buttotallydifferentwords.Interestingly,bothmenandwomenareabletounderstandeachotherperfectlyinUbang,asbothboysandgirlsgrowuparoundtheirparentsandgettolearnbothlanguages,butbytheageof10,boysareexpectedtospeakinthemaletongue.“Thereisastagethemalewillreachandhediscoversheisnotusinghisrightfullanguage,”ChiefOliverIbangsaid.“Nobodywilltellhimheshouldchangetothemalelanguage.Whenhestartsspeakingthemen'slanguage,youknowthematurity(成熟)iscomingintohim.”Noonereallyknowshoworwhythedual-language(雙語的)traditionofUbangbegan,butmostlocalspreferthereligioustheory(學(xué)說).ChiChiUndiesaysthedifferentlanguagesbetweenmenandwomenarerarelyseen,Today,asEnglishwordscontinuetoenterthevocabularyofyoungpeopleinNigeria,Ubang'stwolanguagesareindangerofbeinglostforever.Neitherthemalenorthefemalelanguageiswrittendown,sotheybothrelyonyoungpeopletopassthemdowntothenextgeneration.20.Whydoestheauthormentiontheexamplesinthefirstparagraph?A.Totellthewritingdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.B.Toshowthatthetwolanguagesareindeeddifferent.C.Tostressthedifficultyoflearningthetwolanguages.D.Toexplainwhymenandwomenusedifferentlanguages.21.WhatcanwelearnfromOliverIbang'swords?A.Boysstarttospeakthemalelanguageearlierthangirls.B.Speakinginthemaletongueisasignofboys'growingup.C.UsingincorrectlanguageisconsideredimpoliteinUbang,D.Boysareforcedtospeakinthemaletongueattheageof10.22.WhatdoweknowaboutUbangsdual-language?A.Itsoriginhasbeenknowntous. B.Ithasdisappearedformanyreasons.C.Itislessusedbytheyoungthanbefore. D.ItswordsaresimilartoEnglishwords.23.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.Thetraditionofdual-languageinUbang B.TheEnglishlanguageenteringUbangC.Thedevelopmentofmen'slanguageinUbang D.ThedisappearanceofUbang'sdual-language(2022·江西·南昌二中一模)When“irregardless”wasincludedinMerriam-Websterdictionary,itcausedwidedisagreements.“Irregardless”hasbeeninwidespreadandnear-constantusesince1795,whenanewspapercalledTheCharlestonCityGazelleofCharlestonGafirstusedit.“WedonotmaketheEnglishlanguage,andwemerelyrecordit,”thedictionary’sstaffwrotein“WordsoftheWeek”.Theword’sdefinition,whenwereadit,wouldseemtobewithoutregard.However,Merriam-Websterdefines“irregardless”as“nonstandard”butmeaningthesameas“regardless”.AccordingtoMerriam-Webster,“Manypeoplefind‘irregardless’tobearidiculousword,astheir-prefixusuallyindicatesnegativemeaning;however,inthiscaseitappearstomakethemeaningof‘regardless’stronger.”“It’snotarealword.Idon’tcarewhatthedictionarysays.”respondsauthorMichelleRay,whoteachesEnglishinSilverSpring,Md.Andshesaysshe’sstillplanningtomark“irregardless”asincorrectonherstudents’work.AnAmericannewspapertheBaltimoreSunpublishedthewordineditorJohnMcIntyre’scommentaryonSaturday:“‘Irregardless’istooaword;youjustdon’tunderstanddictionaries.Peoplegetupsetaboutthedictionarybecausetheythinkitissomesortofofficialdocument.Butactually,it’snot.It’sjustlexicographersidentifyingwordsthatpeopleuseandtryingtofindouthowtheyarespelled,howtheyarepronounced,whatmeaningstheyhaveandwheretheycamefrom.”“Thedictionary’srecognitiondoesn’tenrollawordascorrectintheEnglishlanguage,”McIntyresays.“ItjustsaysthisisawordthatalotofpeopleuseinEnglish.Andhere’swhatweknowaboutit.”Soit’saword,butitsuseisstilldiscouragedinformalwriting.24.What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Tocriticizetheuseof“irregardless”. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tomakeadefinitionof“irregardless”. D.Togiveanexample.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.“Irregardless”hadbeeninwidespreadandnear-constantusebefore1975.B.Thedictionary’sstaffrarelyrecordtheEnglishlanguage.C.MichelleRaythinkstheuseof“irregardless”formalbutincorrect.D.Peoplearestillnotencouragedtouse“irregardless”informalwriting.26.WhatistheattitudeofMcIntyretotheappearanceof“irregardless”inMerriam-Websterdictionary?A.Favorable. B.Conservative.C.Indifferent. D.Ambiguous.27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.“Irregardless”IsFrequentlyUsedinFormalWritingB.“Irregardless”Shouldn’tBeIncludedintheDictionaryC.RegardlessofWhatYouThink,“Irregardless”IsaWordD.ExpertsCan’tAgreeontheMeaningof“Irregardless”(2020·廣東·翠園中學(xué)高一期中)HaveyoueverconsideredalltheEnglishexpressionsthatincludewordsaboutclothes?Let’shavealook.Peoplewearpantstocoverthelowerpartoftheirbodies.Wesometimessaythatpeoplewhoarenervoushaveants(螞蟻)intheirpants.Sometimes,peoplemaygetcaughtwiththeirpantsdown.Theyarefounddoingsomethingtheyshouldnotbedoing.And,ineveryfamily,onepersontakescontrol.Sometimesawifetellsherhusbandwhattodo.Thenwesayshewearsthepantsinthefamily.Pantsusuallyhavepocketstoholdthings.Moneythatislikelytobespentquicklycanburnaholeinyourpocket,Sometimesyouneedabelttoholdupyourpants.Ifyouhavelessmoneythanusual,youmayhavetotightenyourbelt.Ialwayspraisepeoplewhocansavetheirmoneyandnotspendtoomuch.Ireallytakemyhatofftothem.Yet,whenitcomestomyownmoney,Ispenditatthedropofahat,whichmeansIinstantlyspendit.Bootsareaheavyorstrongkindofshoes.Peoplewhoaretoobigfortheirbootsthinktheyaremoreimportantthantheyreallyare.Idislikesuchpeople.Myfatherisanimportantperson.Herunsabigcompany.Hewearsasuitandtie,andashirt,withsleeves(衣袖)thatcoverhisarms.Somepeoplewhodonotknowhimwellthinkheistooseriousandnevershowshisfeelingsopenly.ButIknowthatmyfatherwearshisheartonhissleeve.28.Whichofthefollowingexpressionscanshowsomeoneisnervous?A.Getcaughtwithone’spantsdown.B.Haveantsinone’spants.C.Wearthepantsinthefamily.D.Burnaholeinone’spocket.29.Itwesaysomeonehastotightenhisbelt,whatdoweprobablymean?A.Wemeanhehasdonesomethingwrong.B.Wemean,heusedtolivearichlife.C.Wemeanhehas,putonthewrongpants.D.Wemeanheisshortofmoney.30.Whomostprobablyspendshismoneyatthedropofahat?A.Someonewhodoesn’tsavemoney.B.Someonewhoearnsmuchmoney.C.Someonewhoneverwasteshismoney.D.Someonewhospendsmorethanheearns.31.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor'sfatherfromthelastparagraph?A.Hegetsangryeasily.B.Helooksveryserious.C.Heshowshisfeelingsopenly.D.Heoftenwearsasuitandtie.(2022·貴州·凱里一中高一開學(xué)考試)Englishisthemostwidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.Andoftheroughly1.5billionspeakersglobally,thevastmajorityspeakitasasecondlanguage.Sowherearetheworld’sbestnon-nativeEnglishspeakers?AccordingtoanewreportbyEFEducationFirst,aninternationaleducationcompany,NorthernEuropeansarethemostfluent.MiddleEasternersaretheleastproficient(精通的).Theindex(指數(shù))isbasedontheresultsofafreeonlinetesttakenby2.3millionvolunteersin100countries.Nearlysixintenofthisyear’stest-takerswerefemale.Womenhavealwaysperformedbetterthanmen,butthisyearmenclosedthegapsomewhat.InEurope,thepowerhouseeconomiesperformsurprisinglybadly:onlyGermanymakesthetopplaceof“veryhighproficiency”countries.Franceisnext,whileSpainandItalyarecontinuouslyfallingbehind.AstudybyaSpanishresearchinstitutereportedthebadnews:60%ofadultssaytheyspeaknoEnglishatall.ThefactthatSpanishisagloballanguageinitsownright(thelanguagedeclares400millionnativespeakers)isprobablythecause.IfyouspeakDanish,youneedanotherlanguagetotakepartinglobalculture;speakingFrenchorSpanish(orArabic)meanshundredsofmillionsofpeopletotalktowithoutEnglish.Asiaistheregionofgreatestdiversity(多樣性).OnlySingaporemakesthetoplevel,butthePhilippines,Malaysia,andIndiaarenotfarbehind.Chinaisfurtherbackbutstillinthesecondlevel,afewplacesaheadofJapan.StrugglinginthebottomplacesareagroupofSouth-EastandCentralAsiancountrieslikeCambodiaandKyrgyzstan.Thisrelateswithanotherfactor:thecompanyrepeatedlyfindsthatEnglishskillsarehighlyrelatedwithconnectionsandopennesstotherestoftheworld.32.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Wherearetheworld’smostnon-nativeEnglishspeakers?B.Wherearethefewestnon-nativeEnglishspeakers?C.Wherearetheworld’sbestnon-nativeEnglishspeakers?D.Wherearethelastnon-nativeEnglishspeakers?33.Whatcanweknowabouttheonlinetest?A.Halfofthisyear’stest-takerswerefemale.B.Nearly1.38millionofthisyear’stest-takerswerefemale.C.Womenandmenequallyperformedthisyear.D.Thegapbetweenfemaleandmaleisgettingcloseyearbyyear.34.Why60%ofSpanishadultssaytheyspeaknoEnglishatall?A.Spanishisagloballanguageitself. B.400millionSpanishspeakEnglish.C.Spanishiseasytounderstand. D.Englishfailstoattractthem.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Asiaistheregionwiththebestnon-nativeEnglishspeakers.B.Chinaisthesecondplacewiththebestnon-nativeEnglishspeakers.C.CountriesinSouth-EastandCentralAsianarelessopeninAsia.D.CountriesinSouth-WestandCentralAsianlineinthebottomplaces.參考答案:1.B2.A3.B4.C5.C【解析】【分析】本文為記敘文。本文講述了有關(guān)俗語“askeletoninthecloset”的一件家庭趣事。1.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段母親所說的話it’ssomethingthatyouwouldrathernothaveanyoneelsetoknowabout可知,它是一件你不希望其他人所知道的事情,故選B。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解解。根據(jù)第二段中Yes,butpeoplethesedayssaythatyouarenotarealAustralianunlessyourancestorsarrivedasprisoners.可知,如今的人們說如果你的祖先不是以囚犯的身份到達(dá)澳大利亞的話,那么你就不是一個(gè)真正的澳大利亞人。說明澳大利亞的祖先是囚犯。故選A。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Justassheopenedthedoorandreachedintohangaskirt,abonyarmstuckoutfromthedarkdepthsandabundleofwhitebonesfelltothefloor.(正當(dāng)她打開門伸進(jìn)手去掛短裙的時(shí)候,一只骨頭胳膊從暗處伸出來然后一堆骨頭摔倒了地板上。)可知,媽媽應(yīng)該是被嚇暈的。故選B。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Ibroughtithometohelpmewithmyhealthproject.可知,Jessica把骨頭帶回家是因?yàn)樗霉穷^做健康課題,故選C。5.推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文理解,開頭講述了Jessica的一個(gè)提問“Mum,whatdoesitmeanwhensomeonetellsyouthattheyhaveaskeleton(骨骼)inthecloset(衣櫥)?”引出了父母之間的爭論,之后媽媽被孩子藏在衣櫥中的用來完成學(xué)校課題的骷髏嚇暈過去,最后Jessica解釋時(shí)說,“Imeanttotellyou,butitseemedthatassoonasImentionedskeletonsandclosets,itcausedaproblembetweenyouandDad.”即本想告訴媽媽衣櫥里的骷髏的情況,可是每當(dāng)提到骷髏和衣櫥的問題后卻總會讓父母之間有摩擦,然而最后真相大白,Jessica的父母都意識到了這是一個(gè)誤會,故而狂笑。故選C。6.B7.C8.B9.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了隨著社會的發(fā)展人類語言越來越少及其原因。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother...whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.可知,當(dāng)世界以依靠狩獵為生的人組成的時(shí)候,小而聯(lián)系緊密的群落形成了他們彼此之間獨(dú)立的講話模式……當(dāng)世界上的人口數(shù)量不到一千萬時(shí),語言種類達(dá)到了12,000種。由此推知,當(dāng)時(shí)的語言種類很多。故選B。7.猜測詞義題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.可知,英語、西班牙語和漢語正在快速替代其他語言。由此推知dominantlanguages意為“強(qiáng)有力的語言”。故選C。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.和Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.可知,目前世界上大約有6800種語言,但是講的人數(shù)少于6000人的占一半即3400。故選B。9.主旨要義題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的主題句Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.可知,語言的產(chǎn)生和消失進(jìn)行了幾千年,但最近語言產(chǎn)生的少,消失的太多。故選C。點(diǎn)睛:長難句解讀Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.分析:dominant前的and連接兩個(gè)并列句,all和前面的名詞短語trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunications是同位語。句意:在最近的幾個(gè)世紀(jì),貿(mào)易、工業(yè)化、民族國家的發(fā)展和全球義務(wù)教育的普及,尤其是過去幾十年來,全球化和更好的交流,這些都導(dǎo)致許多語言消失。而且像英語、西班牙語和漢語等主流語言正日益占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。10.B11.A12.B13.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。在美國,當(dāng)一個(gè)人變得富有,他想讓人們知道。即使他不會變得非常富有,他希望人們認(rèn)為他是富有的,這就是“跟上瓊斯(攀比)”現(xiàn)象。文章介紹了這個(gè)短語背后的故事和帶來的啟示。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“IntheUnitedStates,whenonebecomesrich,hewantspeopletoknowit.Andevenifhedoesnotbecomeveryrich,hewantspeopletothinkthatheis.Thatiswhat“keepingupwiththeJoneses”isabout.(在美國,當(dāng)一個(gè)人變得富有,他想讓人們知道。即使他不會變得非常富有,他希望人們認(rèn)為他是富有的。這種情況就是“跟上瓊斯”)”可知,一些人想要跟上“瓊斯”,是因?yàn)樗麄兿胱寗e人知道或認(rèn)為他們很富有。故選B。11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“HegotmarriedandmovedwithhiswifetoaverywealthyneighborhoodoutsideNewYorkCity.(他結(jié)了婚,和妻子搬到了紐約郊外一個(gè)非常富裕的社區(qū))”可推知,富人都喜歡住在紐約郊外。故選A。12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Hecalledit“KeepingupwiththeJoneses”because“Jones”isaverycommonnameintheUnitedStates.(他把他的系列故事叫做“跟上瓊斯”,因?yàn)椤碍偹埂痹诿绹且粋€(gè)非常常見的名詞)”可知,這么命名是因?yàn)椤碍偹埂边@個(gè)名字在美國很常見。故選B。13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ButonemustgettiredoftryingtokeepupwiththeJonesesbecausenomatterwhatonedoes,Mr.Jonesalwaysseemstobeahead.(但一個(gè)人一定對“跟上瓊斯”感到厭煩,因?yàn)闊o論一個(gè)人做什么,瓊斯先生似乎總是領(lǐng)先)”可知,作者認(rèn)為追上“瓊斯”是不可能的,即持消極態(tài)度。故選A。14.C15.B16.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)英語學(xué)習(xí)的網(wǎng)站。14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ThissiteprovidesalargecollectionofEnglishasaSecondLanguage(ESL)tools&resourcesforstudents,teachers,learnersandacademics.(這個(gè)網(wǎng)站為學(xué)生、教師、學(xué)習(xí)者和學(xué)者提供了大量的英語作為第二語言(ESL)的工具和資源。)”可知,該網(wǎng)站針對教師、學(xué)生和學(xué)者,除了商人。故選C。15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thisfigureisevergrowing.Itisthelanguageofglobalization.It'sthelanguageofinternationalbusinessandpolitics.Itistheprimarylanguageusedformostcom

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