Unit4+Living+with+Technology+Reading高中英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版2020選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

Unit4

LivingwithtechnologyWelcomeandreadingFamoussaying(P43)Theadvanceoftechnologyisbasedonmakingitfitinsothatyoudon'treallyevennoticeit,soit'spartofeverydaylife.

—BillGates

技術(shù)的進(jìn)步是基于讓它融入你的生活，這樣你甚至不會(huì)真正注意到它，如此一來(lái)它就成為了日常生活的一部分?！葼枴どw茨比爾·蓋茨，美國(guó)企業(yè)家、軟件工程師、慈善家、微軟公司創(chuàng)始人，曾任微軟董事長(zhǎng)、CEO和首席軟件設(shè)計(jì)師。本句旨在說(shuō)明技術(shù)會(huì)進(jìn)入千家萬(wàn)戶，成為人們生活中不可或缺的一部分。WelcometotheunitSciencefictionbecomesrealitywiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Watchthevideoandfinishthefollowing

exercises.?TwentyThousandLeaguesUnderthe

Sea:Travellingdeep

underthe

ocean?

2001:

ASpaceOdyssey:Travelling

to__________?

TheMatrix:Connectingthe

humanbrainwith__________and

enteringthevirtualworldthemooncomputersDiscussionWhatotherdescriptionsinsciencefictionhaveturnedintoreality?JulesVernebelievesthatanythingpeoplecanimaginecanbemadereal.Doyou

agree?Whyorwhynot?Whattechnologydoyouimaginewillbepossibleinthefutureandhowdoyou

thinkitwillchangeourlives?WhatdoyouaboutAI?Artificialintelligenceisdevelopingataveryrapidpace.Manypeopleworryabouttheeffectsthatartificialintelligencemighthave.We’llreadthepopularsciencearticle(P44-45)aboutAI.Beforeyoureadit,thinkaboutthefollowingquestion:HowistheauthorlikelytoorganizetheinformationonAI?HowistheauthorlikelytoorganizetheinformationonAI?TipIntroducetheconceptofAIIntroducethehistory/developmentofAIThebenefitsofAITheweaknessesofAITheapproachtodealingwithAIImaginewakinguponemorningwiththeoptionofstayinginbedandpressing

abuttontosendarobottodoalltheworkforyou.Howcoolthatwouldbe!It

mayseemlikebuildingcastlesintheair,butgiventherateatwhichartificial

intelligence,orAI,isbeingdeveloped,inthefuturesuchdreamsmayactually

cometrue.Whatisthefunctionofthisparagraph?----Tointroducethetopicofthisarticle—AI.Atthebasiclevel,artificialintelligenceisabranchofcomputersciencethat

aims

todevelopintelligentmachines.OneoftheessentialaimsofAIistodevelop

computerintelligencecapableoflearningfromexperience,adjustingtonewinputs

andperformingtaskslikehumans.Toachievethisaim,manyapproachesto

creatingtrueAIhavebeenputforward,including“deeplearning”,which

enables

amachinetoimproveitsownperformancebylearningfromtheresultsofits

previousactions.Deep-learningAIhasthecapacityto

analysemassiveamountsof

data

throughmultiplelayers,imitatingthecomplexnetworksofthehumanbrain.WhatisAI?WhatistheessentialaimofAI?Howtoachieveit?Thecapacityofcomputerintelligencelearningfromexperience_____________________________________________________________________adjustingtonewinputsperformingtaskslikehumansThecapacityofdeeplearningAIanalyzemassiveamountsofdatathroughmultiplelayersbyimitatingthecomplexnetworksofthehumanbrain.deeplearning______________________________________________________________________________________enablesamachinetoimproveitsownperformancebylearningfromtheresultsofitspreviousactions.Howcanadeep-learningmachineimproveitsownperformance?ThedreamofAIhasbeenaroundforcenturies,andthedevelopmentofcomputers

sincethe1940shasfinallymadeitareality.Years

beforetheterm“artificial

intelligence”wascoined

inthemid-1950s,thetheoryhadbeenexploredby

AlanTuring,oneofthepioneersinthefieldofcomputerscience.

However,foralongtime,AItechnologydevelopedveryslowly.A

majorbreakthroughinAIcamein1997,whenDeepBlue,achess-playingcomputer,beattheworldchesschampionGarryKasparov.

Thenin2017,acomputerprogramnamedAlphaGodefeatedKe

Jie,arguablythebesthumanGoplayer,which

demonstrateda

significantadvanceindeep-learningAIsystems.WhatisthedevelopmentofAIinhistory?

Para3WhatisthedevelopmentofAIinhistory?Yearsbeforethemid-1950sInthemid-1950sIn1997(breakthrough)In2017(advance)Theterm“artificialintelligence”wascoined.ThetheoryhadbeenexploredbyAlanTuring,oneofthepioneersinthefieldofcomputerscience.DeepBlue,achess-playingcomputer,beattheworldchesschampionGarryKasparo.AcomputerprogramnamedAlphaGodefeatedKeJie,arguablythebesthumanGoplayer,whichdemonstratedasignificantadvanceindeep-learningAIsystems.

Para3Yearsbeforethemid-1950sInthemid-1950sIn1997(breakthrough)In2017(advance)Theterm“artificialintelligence”wascoined.ThetheoryhadbeenexploredbyAlanTuring,oneofthepioneersinthefieldofcomputerscience.DeepBlue,achess-20playingcomputer,beattheworldchesschampionGarryKasparo.AcomputerprogramnamedAlphaGodefeatedKelie,arguablythebesthumanGoplayer,whichdemonstratedasignificantadvanceindeep-learningAIsystems.coinn.v.【詞源】coin本義是鑄造硬幣的模具，來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)cuneus（楔子）。因古羅馬時(shí)期用來(lái)沖壓硬幣的模子形狀是楔形的而得名。所以，由此衍生出“鑄造、創(chuàng)造、杜撰”之意，最后演變?yōu)椤坝矌拧薄?/p>

此處，coin用作動(dòng)詞，往模具里注入金屬則為“鑄/造(幣)”；往模具里注入詞根、詞綴等則鑄造成新詞語(yǔ)，即coinv.

創(chuàng)造(新詞語(yǔ))”Yearsbeforethemid-1950sInthemid-1950sIn1997(breakthrough)In2017(advance)Theterm“artificialintelligence”wascoined.ThetheoryhadbeenexploredbyAlanTuring,oneofthepioneersinthefieldofcomputerscience.DeepBlue,achess-20playingcomputer,beattheworldchesschampionGarryKasparo.AcomputerprogramnamedAlphaGodefeatedKeJie,arguablythebesthumanGoplayer,whichdemonstratedasignificantadvanceindeep-learningAIsystems.Nowadays,AIisalreadybeingappliedinmanyfields:finance,

healthcare,naturallanguageprocessingandart,tonamebut

afew.From

autonomousvehicles

to

domesticrobots,from

recommendationsystems

tocomputerswritingnovels,AIhasan

unlimitednumberofapplications.Ordinarypeoplearenowusing

AItogetinstant

translationsoftextinforeignlanguages,and

machinescanrecognizefingerprintsandevenfaces.WhatareordinarypeopleusingAltodo?Inshort,thistechnologyistransformingthewaywelive.Itisclearthatweareataturningpointinhistory.WithmachineslikeAlphaGonowcapableofthinkingandlearningfromtheirmistakes,wearegettingclosertothedividinglinebetweenhumansandmachines.Thequestionis,wherewillallthislead?WhileAIenthusiastspromiseusabrightfuturewhereintelligentrobotswillbeworkingtoouradvantage,theseundoubtedbenefitsalsobringconcernsandfears.Whatistheturningpointinhistory?Couldmachinesreallydevelop

human-likeintelligence?Andwhatwouldhappeniftheydid?

Wouldthinkingmachinesworkalongsidehumansorthreaten

theexistenceofhumans?Howwouldtheybepunishedifthey

committedcrimesorevenmurderedhumans?Aswebecomemore

andmoredependentoncomputers,somescientistsareurgingus

tothinkaboutthedangersposedbytheadvancesinAI.Stephen

Hawking,forexample,warned,“Thedevelopmentoffullartificial

intelligencecould

spelltheendofthehumanrace.”WhatconcernsandfearswillAIbring?“完全人工智能的發(fā)展可能意味著人類的終結(jié)。”spellv.

招致，意味著（通常指壞事）Apparently,suchwarnings

demandourattention.WeneedtomakesurethatwewillnotfallvictimtoAI.Wemaystillthinkitwouldbefantastictorelaxalldayandallowautonomousmachinestodoalltheworkforus—butperhapsweshouldnotbetoogreedyandratherbecarefulwhatwewishfor!Whatcanwedowhenfacedwithsuchwarnings?

Discussion:Whatistheauthor'sattitudetoartificialintelligence??Usedetailsfromthearticletosupportyouropinion.Whatdoyouthinkintelligentmachineswillbecapableofdoinginthefuture?

ReadthepopularsciencearticleandcompletethechartbelowAIisabranchofcomputerscienceAIhasalongandroughhistory.AIhasbeenappliedinmanyfields.AIbringsmanyconcernsandfears.WeshouldbecarefultodealwithAI.B1

Thepassagebelowisaboutfacialrecognitiontechnology.Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesintheboxbelow.Technologyischangingthefaceoftheworld,andnowfacesarechanging

technologytoo.Facialrecognitiontechnology,withitscapacityto(1)

_________________ahugeamountofdata,hascomeintowidespreaduse.Itworks

bycomparingthefacialfeaturesofgivenimages

with

those

inadatabase.Itoffers

aquickandcoolalternativetotraditionalpasswords,andyoucannotforgetyour

ownface!

Intheory,

(2)

_________________whichuseourownbodyaspasswords

shouldalsobesaferfromhackersandbetterprotectus

fromidentitytheftthan

thosethatusetraditionalpasswords,mainlybecauseeveryindividualisunique.

Thistechnologyisespeciallyusefulinpublicplaces:banks,airportsandrailway

stations,(3)

_________________.apparently

urge

warning

fallvictimtoanalyse

pose

network

tonamebutafewanalysenetworkstonamebutafewHowever,facialrecognitiontechnologyhasalsostartedto(4)

_________________

somedifficultquestions.Expertshavebeengiving(5)

_________________aboutthis

technology,sayingitmaynotbeasgoodaswethink.Facialexpressionsoftenvary,

whichmakesfacialrecognitionlesseffective.Moreover,thereisgrowingconcern

thatwemight

(6)

____________thistechnology,astherearecasesinwhich

hackershavebrokenintofacialrecognitionsystemsbyusingpeople’ssocialmedia

photostobuildmodelsoftheirfaces.Scientistsandengineers(7)

_________________toimproveexistingtechnologyandmakeitfail-safe.(8)

_________________,thiswillbeatoughtask.Whateverhappens,

weneedtomakesurethatfacialrecognitiontechnologycanbetrusted—orwewill

havetofacethe

consequences.apparently

urge

warning

fallvictimtoanalyse

pose

network

tonamebutafewposeareurgedwarningsfallvictimtoApparentlyPhrasesbebasedon...partofeverydaylifebecomearealitythevirtualworlddevelopataveryrapidpaceartificialintelligenceimaginedoing...withtheoptionofpress

abuttonbuildingcastlesintheaircometruePhrasesatthebasiclevelaim

to