2015年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題及答案(第一套)

2015年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題(第1套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldfocusontheimpactofsocialnetworkingwebsitesonreading.Youarereauiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)聽力音頻地址：/englishlistening/CET6/zhenti/2016-05-28/427638.htmlSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.and.D.,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarktheeorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.A.Therestaurantofferssomespecialseachday.B.Therestaurantisknownforitsfoodvarieties.C.Thedressingmakesthemixedsaladveryinviting.D.Thewomanshouldmixtheingredientsthoroughly.2.A.HetookoverthefirmfromMary.C.Hefailedtoforeseemajorproblems.B.Heisrunningasuccessfulbusiness.D.Heisopeninganewconsultingfirm.3.A.Someoneshouldbeputinchargeofofficesupplies.B.Themancanleavethediscsintheofficecabinet.C.Themanmayfindthesuppliesinthecabinet.D.Theprinterintheofficehasrunoutofpaper.A.Hehastouseamagnifyingglasstoseeclearly.B.Thewomancanusehisglassestoread.C.Hehasthedictionarythewomanwants.D.Thedictionaryisnotofmuchhelptohim.A.Redecoratingheroffice.B.Majoringininteriordesign.C.Seekingprofessionaladvice.D.Addingsomeofficefurniture.A.Problemsinportmanagement.B.Improvementofportfacilities.C.Delayedshipmentofgoods.D.Shortageofcontainerships.A.Theirboss.B.Acolleague.C.Theirworkload.D.Acoffeemachine.A.Callthehotelmanagerforhelp.B.Postponetheeventuntilalaterdate.C.Holdthebanquetatadifferentplace.D.Getanexperttocorrecttheerror.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A.Hesharessomeofthehouseholdduties.B.Heoftengoesbackhomelatefordinner.C.Hecooksdinnerforthefamilyoccasionally.D.Hedinesoutfromtimetotimewithfriends.A.Totakehimtodinner.B.Totalkaboutabudgetplan.C.Todiscussanurgentproblem.D.Topassonanimportantmessage.11.A.ForeigninvestorsarelosingconfidenceinIndia'seconomy.B.ManymultinationalenterprisesarewithdrawingfromIndia.C.Therearewildfluctuationsintheinternationalmoneymarket.D.ThereisasharpincreaseinIndia'sbalanceofpaymentdeficit.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A.Theyhaveunrealisticexpectationsabouttheotherhalf.B.Theymaynotbepreparedforalifelongrelationship.C.Theyformamorerealisticpictureoflife.D.Theytrytoadapttotheirchangingroles.13.A.Heisluckytohavevisitedmanyexoticplaces.B.Heisabletoforgetallthetroublesinhislife.C.Heisabletomeetmanyinterestingpeople.D.Heisluckytobeabletodowhatheloves.A.Itisstressful.B.Itisfulloftim.C.Itisallglamour.D.Itischallenging15.A.Bothered.B.Amazed.C.Puzzled.D.Excited.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A.Maintainthetraditionalorganizationalculture.B.Learnnewwaysofrelatingandworkingtogether.C.Followcloselythefastdevelopmentoftechnology.D.Learntoberespectfulinahierarchicalorganization.17.A.Howtheteamintegrateswithwhatitissupposedtoserve.B.Howtheteamisbuilttokeepimprovingitsperformance.C.Whattypeofpersonneltheteamshouldbecomposedof.D.Whatqualificationsteammembersshouldbeequippedwith.18.A.Ateammanagermustsetveryclearandhighobjectives.B.Teamsmustconsistofmembersfromdifferentcultures.C.Teammembersshouldbeknowledgeableandcreative.D.Ateammanagershoulddevelopacertainsetofskills.PassageTwoQuestions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A.ItisaplatformforsharingideasonteachingattheUniversityofIllinois.B.Itwasmainlyusedbyscientistsandtechnicalpeopletoexchangetext.C.Itstartedoffasasuccessfulprogrambutwasunabletolastlong.D.ItisaprogramallowingpeopletoshareinformationontheWeb.20.A.Hevisitedanumberoffamouscomputerscientists.B.HemetwithanentrepreneurnamedJimClark.C.Hesoldaprogramdevelopedbyhisfriends.D.Heinvestedinaleadingcomputerbusiness.A.Theyhadconfidenceinhisnewideas.B.Theytrustedhiscomputerexpertise.C.Theywereverykeenonnewtechnology.D.Theybelievedinhisbusinessconnections.PassageThreeQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A.Prestigeadvertising.B.Institutionaladvertising.C.Wordofmouthadvertising.D.Distributingfreetrialproducts.A.Tosellaparticularproduct.B.Tobuilduptheirreputation.C.Topromoteaspecificservice.D.Toattracthigh-endconsumers.24.A.Byusingtheservicesoflargeadvertisingagencies.B.Byhiringtheirownprofessionaladvertisingstaff.C.Bybuyingmediaspaceinleadingnewspapers.D.Bycreatingtheirownadsandcommericais.25.A.Decideonwhatspecificmeansofcommunicationtoemploy.B.Conductalarge-scalesurveyoncustomerneeds.C.Specifytheobjectivesofthecampaignindetail.D.Pre-testalternativeadsorcommercialsincertainregions.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhoarapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthofirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthopassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillinthoblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejusthoard.Finally,whenthopassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldchockwhatyouhavewritten.Extinctionisdifficultconcepttograsp.Itisan26concept.It'snotatalllikethekillingofindividuallifeformsthatcanberenewedthroughnormalprocessesofreproduction.Norisitsimply27numbers.Norisitdamagethatcansomehowberemediedorforwhichsomesubstitutecanbeound.Norisitsomethingthatsimplyaffectsourowngeneration.Norisitsomethingthatcouldberemediedbysomesupernaturalpower.Itisratheran28andfinalactforwhichthereisnoremedyonearthorinheaven.Aspeciesonceextinctisgoneforever.Howevermanygenerations29usincomingcenturies,noneofthemwilleverseethisspeciesthatweextinguish.Notonlyarewebringingabouttheextinctionoflife30,wearealsomakingthelandandtheairandtheseasotoxicthattheveryconditionsoflifearebeingdestroyed.31basicnaturalresources,notonlyarethenonrenewableresourcesbeing32inafrenzy(瘋狂)ofprocessing,consuming,and33,butwearealsominingmuchofourrenewableresources,suchastheverysoilitselfonwhichterrestrial(地球上的)lifedepends.Thechangethatistakingplaceontheearthandinourmindsisoneofthegreatestchangesevertotakeplaceinhumanaffairs,perhapsthegreatest,sincewhatwearetalkingaboutisnotsimplyanotherhistoricalchangeorcultural34,butachangeofgeologicalandbiologicalaswellaspsychologicalorderof35PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthopassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthocorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthocentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthowordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itseemstobealawinthetechnologyindustrythatleadingcompanieseventuallylosetheirpositions,oftenquicklyandbrutally.MobilephonechampionNokia,oneofEurope'sbiggesttechnologysuccessstories,wasno36,losingitsmarketshareinjustafewyears.In2007,Nokiaaccountedformorethan40%ofmobilephonesales37Butconsumers'preferenceswerealready38towardtouch-screensmartphones.WiththeintroductionofApple'siPhoneinthemiddleofthatyear,Nokia'smarketshare39rapidlyandrevenueplunged.Bytheendof2013,NokiahadsolditsphonebusinesstoMicrosoft.WhatsealedNokia'sfatewasaseriesofdecisionsmadebyStephenElopinhispositionasCEO,whichhe40inOctober2010.EachdaythatElopspentinchargeofNokia,thecompany'smarketvaluedeclinedby$23million,makinghim,bythenumbers,oneoftheworstCEOsinhistory.ButElopwasnottheonlypersonat41Nokia'sboardresistedchange,makingitimpossibleforthecompanytoadapttorapidshiftsintheindustry.Most42,JormaOllila,whohadledNokia'stransitionfromanindustrialcompanytoatechnologygiant,wastoofascinatedbythecompany's43successtorecognizethechangethatwasneededtosustainitscompetitiveness.Thecompanyalsoembarkedona44cost-cuttingprogram,whichincludedtheeliminationofwhichhadmotivatedemployeestotakerisksandmakemiracles.Goodleadersleftthecompany,takingNokia'ssenseofvisionanddirectionswiththem.Notsurprisingly,muchofNokia'smostvaluabledesignandprogrammingtalentleftaswell.assumedI)previousB.biasJ)relayedC.desperateK)shiftingD.deteriorationL)shrankE)exceptionM)subtleF)faultN)transmittingG)incidentallyO)worldwideH)notablySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsby.markingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.First-GenerationCollege-Goers:UnpreparedandBehindKidswhoarethefirstintheirfamiliestobravetheworldofhighereducationcomeoncampuswithlittleacademicknow—howandaremuchmorelikelythantheirpeerstodropoutbeforegraduation.[A]WhenNijayWilliamsenteredcollegelastfallasafirst—generationstudentandJamaicanimmigrant,hewasacademicallyunpreparedfortherigorsofhighereducation.Likemanyfirst—generationstudents,heenrolledinamedium-sizedstateuniversitymanyofhishighschoolpeerswerealsoattending,receivedaPellGrant,andtookoutsomesmallfederalloanstocoverothercosts.Giventhehighpriceofroomandboardandtheclosenessoftheschooltohisfamily,hechosetoliveathomeandworkedbetween30and40hoursaweekwhiletakingafullclassschedule.[B]WhatNijaydidn'trealizeabouthisschool—TennesseeStateUniversity—wasitsfrighteninglylowgraduationrate:amere29percentforitsfirst-generationstudents.Attheendofhisfirstyear,NijaylosthisPellGrantofover$5,000afternarrowlymissingthe2.0GPAcut-off,makingitimpossibleforhimtocontinuepayingforschool.[C]NijayrepresentsalargeandgrowinggroupofAmericans:first—generationcollegestudentswhoenterschoolunpreparedorbehind.Tomakemattersworse,theseschoolsareill-equippedtograduatethesestudents—youngadultswhofacespecificchallengesandobstacles.Theytypicallycarryfinancialburdensthatoutweighthoseoftheirpeers,aremorelikelytoworkwhileattendingschool,andoftenrequiresignificantacademicremediation(補(bǔ)習(xí)).[D]MattRubinoffdirectsI'mFirst,anonprofitorganizationlaunchedlastOctobertoreachouttothisspecificpopulationofstudents.Hehopestodistributethisinformationandhelpprospectivecollege-goersfmdthebestpost-secondaryfit.AndwhileRubinoffbelievesthereareagoodnumberoffour—yearschoolsthattrulycareaboutthesestudentsandsetasidesignificantresourcesandprogramsforthem,hesaysthatnumberisn'thighenough.[E]"It'snotonlytheselectiveandeliteinstitutionsthatprovidethoseopportunitiesforasmallsubsetofthispopulation,"Rubinoffsaid,addingthatamajorityoffirst-generationundergraduatestendtowardoptionssuchasonlineprograms,two—yearcolleges,andcommuterstateschools."Unfortunately,theretendstobealackofinformationandsupporttohelpstudentsthinkbiggerandbroader."[F]Despitethisproblem,manystudentsarestilldrawntotheseinstitutions--andtwo-yearschoolsinparticular.Asaformerhighschoolteacher,Isawstudentschoosefamiliar,cheaperoptionsyearafteryear.Insteadofskippingoutonhighereducationaltogether,theychosecommunitycollegesorstateschoolswithlowbarsforadmittance.[G]"Theyunderestimatethemselveswhenselectingauniversity,"saidDaveJarrat,amarketingexecutiveforInsideTrack,afor—profitorganizationthatspecializesincoachinglow-incomestudentsandsupportingcollegesinordertohelpstudentsthrive."Therealityofitisthatalotoflow-incomekidscouldbegoingtoelitetufiversitiesonafullridescholarshipanddon'tevenrealizeit."[H]"Manystudentsarecomingfromasituationwherenoonearoundthemhastheexperienceofsuccessfullycompletinghighereducation,sotheyarecominginquestioningthemselvesandtheircollegeworthiness,"Jarratcontinued.Thathelpsexplainwhy,asI'mFirst'sRubinoffindicated,theschoolstowhichthesestudentsendupresortingcanendupbeingsomeofthepoorestmatchesforthem.TheUniversityofTennesseeinKnoxvilleoffersoneexampleofthisdilemma.AflagshipuniversityintheSouth,theschoolgraduatesjust16percentofitsfirst—generationstudents,despiteitsoverallgraduationrateof71percent.Locatedonlyafewhoursapart,TheUniversityofTennesseeandTennesseeStateareworthcomparing.TennesseeState'soverallgraduationrateisatiny39percent,butatleastithasasmallergapbetweentheoutcomesforfirst—generat.ionstudentsandthoseoftheirpeers.[I]Still,theUniversityofTennesseedeservescreditforbeingtransparent.Manylargeinstitutionskeepthiskindofdatasecret—oratleastmakeitincrediblydifficulttofindTheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,forinstance,admitsonlythatthegraduationrateforitsfirst—generationpupilsis"muchlower"thanthepercentageofallstudentswhograduatewithinfouryears(81percent).[J]Itisactuallyquitedifficulttofredreliablestatisticsontheissueformanyschools.Highereducationinstitutionsare,underfederallaw,requiredtoreportgraduationrates,butthesereportstypicallyonlyincludePellrecipientnumbers—notnecessarilyratesspecifictofLrst—generationstudents.Otherinitiativesfailtobreakdownthedata,too.Imaginehowintimidatingitcanbeforprospecitivestudentsunfamiliarwiththecomplexitiesofhighereducationtonavigatethiskindofinformationandthenidentifywhichschoolsarethebestfit.[K]ItwasthislackofinformationthatpromptedthelaunchofI'mFirstin2013,originallyasanannofitsumbrellaorganization,theCenterForStudentOpportunity."Ifwecanhelptodirectstudentstomoreofthesetypesofcampusesandhelpstudentstounderstandthemtoberealisticandaccessibleplaces,havethemapplytotheseschoolsatgreaterfrequencyandultimatelygetinandenroll,wearegoingtoraisethesuccessrate,"Rubinoffsaid,citingavarietyofcollegesrangingfromlargestateinstitutionstosmallerprivateschools.[L]ChelseaJones,whonowdirectsstudentprogrammingatI'mFirst,wasafirst—generationcollegestudentatHoward.Likeotherstudentnewtotheintimidatinghigher—educationworld,sheoftenstruggledonherpathtocollege,"Therewasn'treallyacollege—boundcnltureatmyhighschool,"shesaid."IwantedtogotocollegebutIdidn'treallyknowtheprocess."Jonesbecameinvolvedwithacollege—accessprogramthroughPrincetonUniversityinhighschool.Now,sheattributesmuchofherunderstandingofcollegetothat:"ButonceIgottocampus,itwasacompletelydifferentballgamethatnoonereallypreparedmefor."[M]Shewasfortunate,though.Howard,awell—regardedhistoricallyblackcollege,hadanarrayofresourcesforitsfirst—generationstudents,includingmatchingkidswithcounselors,comectingfirst—generationstudentstooneanother,andTRIO,anationalprogramthatsupported200studentsonHoward'scampus.Still,Jonesrepresentsasmallpercentageoffirst-generationstudentswhoareabletogainentryintomoreeliteuniversities,whichareoftenknownforrobustfinancialaidpackagesandremarkablyhighgraduationratesforfirst—generationstudents.(Harvard,forexample,boastsasix—yeargraduationrateforunderrepresentedminoritygroupsof98percent.)[N]ChristianVazquez,afirst—generationYalegraduate,isanotherexception,hissuccessstorysettinghimfarapartfromstudentssuchasNijay."ThereisalotofsupportatYale,toanextent,afterawhile,thereistoomuchsupport,"hesaid,half—jokingaboutthecountlessresourcesavailableattheschool.Studentsareplacedinsmallgroupswithcounselors(trainedseniorsoncampus);theyhaveaccesstoculturalandethnicaffinity(聯(lián)系)groups,tutoringcentersandalsohaveasummerorientationspecificallyforfirst—generationstudents(thelatterbeingoneofthemostcommonprogramsforstudents).[O]"Oursupportstructurewasmorelike:'YouaregoingtogetthroughYale;youaregoingtodowell,'"hesaid,hintingatmentors(導(dǎo)師),staff,andprofessorswhoallprovidedsignificantsupportforstudentswholackedconfidenceabout"belonging"atsuchatopinstitution.46.Manyfirst—generationcollege—goershavedoubtsabouttheirabilitiestogetacollegedegree.47.First—generationcollegestudentstendtohavemuchheavierfinancialburdensthantheirpeers.48.Thegraduationrateoffirst—generationstudentsatNijay'suniversitywasincrediblylow.49.SometopinstitutionslikeYaleseemtoprovidefirst—generationstudentswithmoresupportthantheyactuallyneed.50.Onenteringcollege,NijayWilliamshadnoideahowchallengingcollegeeducationwas.51.Manyuniversitiessimplyrefusetoreleasetheirexactgraduationratesforfirst-generationstudents.52.Accordingtoamarketingexecutive,manystudentsfromlow-incomefamiliesdon'tknowtheycouldhaveachanceofgoingtoaneliteuniversity.53.Someeliteuniversitiesattachgreatimportancetobuildingupthefirst—generationstudents'serf—confidence.54.I'mFirstdistributesinformationtohelpfirst-generationcollege-goersfindschoolsthataremostsuitableforthem.55.Eliteuniversitiestendtograduatefn'st-generationstudentsatahigherrate.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Sayingtheycannolongerignoretherisingpricesofhealthcare,someofthemostinfluentialmedicalgroupsinthenationarerecommendingthatdoctorsweighthecosts,notjusttheeffectivenessoftreatments,astheymakedecisionsaboutpatientcare.Theshift,littlenoticedoutsidethemedicalestablishmentbutalreadycontroversialinsideit,suggeststhatdoctorsarestartingtoredefinetheirroles,frombeingconcernedexclusivelyaboutindividualpatientstoexertinginfluenceonhowhealthcaredollarsarespent.Inpracticalterms,thenewguidelinesbeingdevelopedcouldresultindoctorschoosingonedrugoveranotherforcostreasonsorevendecidingthataparticulartreatment—attheendoflife,forexample—istooexpensive.Intheextreme,somecriticshavesaidthatmakingtreatmentdecisionsbasedoncostisaformofrationing.Traditionally,guidelineshaveheavilyinfluencedthepracticeofmedicine,andthelatestonesareexpectedtomakedoctorsmoreconsciousoftheeconomicconsequencesoftheirdecisions,eventhoughthere'snoobligationtofollowthem.Medicalsocietyguidelinesarealsousedbyinsurancecomoaniestohelpdeterminereimbursement(報銷)policies.SomedoctorsseeapotentialconflictintryingtobebothprovidersofpatientcareandfmancialOverseers."Thereshouldbeforcesinsocietywhoshouldbeconcernedaboutthebudget,buttheyshouldn'tbefunctioningsimultaneouslyasdoctors,"saidDr.MartinSamuelsataBostonhospital.Hesaiddoctorsriskedlosingthetrustofpatientsiftheytoldpatients,"I'mnotgoingtodowhatIthinkisbestforyoubecauseIthinkit'sbadforthehealthcarebudgetinMassachusetts."Doctorscanfacesomegrimtrade—offs.Studieshaveshown,forexample,thattwodrugsareaboutequallyeffectiveintreatingmaculardegeneration,andeyedisease.Butonecosts$50adoseandtheothercloseto$2,000.Medicarecouldsavehundredsofmillionsofdollarsayearifeveryoneusedthecheaperdrug,Avastin,insteadofthecostlierone,Lucentis.ButtheFoodandDrugAdministrationhasnotapprovedAvastinforuseintheeye.andusingitratherthanthealternative,Lucentis,mightcarryanadditional,althoughslight,safetyrisk.ShoulddoctorsconsiderMedicare'sbudgetindecidingwhattouse?"Ithinkethically(在道德層面上)wearejustworriedaboutthepatientinfrontofusandnottryingtosavemoneyfortheinsuranceindustryorsocietyasawhole,"saidDr.DonaldJensen.Still,someanalystssaythatthere'sarolefordoctorstoplayincostanalysisbecausenotmanyothersaredoingso."Insomeways,"saidDr.DanielSulmasy,"itrepresentsafailureofwidersocietytotakeuptheissue."56.Whatdosomemostinfluentialmedicalgroupsrecommenddoctorsdo?A.Reflectontheresponsibilitiestheyaresupposedtotake.B.Paymoreattentiontotheeffectivenessoftheirtreatments.C.Takecostsintoaccountwhenmakingtreatmentdecisions.D.Readjusttheirpracticeinviewofthecutsinhealthcare.57.Whatweredoctorsmainlyconcernedaboutinthepast?A.Specificmedicinestobeused.B.Effectsofmedicaltreatment.C.Professionaladvancement.D.Patients'trust.58.Whatmaythenewguidelinesbeingdevelopedleadto?A.Theredefiningofdoctors'roles.B.Overuseoflesseffectivemedicines.C.Conflictsbetweendoctorsandpatients.D.Theprolongingofpatients'suffering.59.Whatriskdodoctorsseeintheirdualroleaspatientcareprovidersandfinancialoverseers?A.Theymaybeinvolvedinaconflictofinterest.B.Theymaybeforcedtodividetheirattention.C.Theymayhavetouselesseffectivedrugs.D.Theymaylosetherespectofpatients.60.Whatdosomeexpertssayaboutdoctors'involvementinmedicalcostanalysis?A.Itmayaddtodoctors'alreadyheavyworkloads.B.Itwillhelptosavemoneyforsocietyasawhole.C.Itresultsfromsociety'sfailuretotackletheproblem.D.Itraisesdoctors'awarenessoftheirsocialresponsibilities.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Economicinequalityisthe"definingchallengeofourtime,"PresidentBarackObamadeclaredinaspeechlastmonthtotheCenterforAmericanProgress.Inequalityisdangerous,heargued,notmerelybecauseitdoesn'tlookgoodtohavealargegapbetweentherichandthepoor,butbecauseinequalityitselfdestroysupwardmobility,makingitharderforthepoortoescapefrompoverty."IncreasedinequalityanddecreasingmobilityposeafundamentalthreattotheAmericanDream,"hesaid.ObamaisonlythemostprominentpublicfiguretodeclareinequalityPublicEnemyNo.1andthegreatestthreattoreducingpovertyinAmerica.Anumberofprominenteconomistshavealsoarguedthatit'sharderforthepoortoclimbtheeconomicladdertodaybecausetherungs(橫檔)inthatladderhavegrownfartherapart.Forallthenewattentiondevotedtothe1percent,anewdamsetfromtheEqualityofOpportunityProjectatHarvardandBerkeleysuggeststhat,ifwecareaboutupwardmobilityoverall,we'revastlyexaggeratingthedangersoftherich—poorgap.Inequalityitselfisnotaparticularlystrongpredictorofeconomicmobility,associologistScottWinshipnotedinarecentarticlebasedonhisanalysisofthisdata.Sowhatfactors,atthecommunitylevel,dopredictifpoorchildrenwillmoveuptheeconomicladderasadtdts?whatexplains,forinstance,whytheSaltLakeCitymetroareaisoneofthe100largestmetropolitanareasmostlikelytoliftthefortunesofthepoorandtheAtlantametroareaisoneoftheleastlikely?HarvardeconomistRajChertyhaspointedtoeconomicandracialsegregation,communitydensity,thesizeofacommunity'smiddleclass,thequalityofschools,commtmityreligiosity,andfamilystructure,whichhecallsthe"singlestrongestcorrelateofupwardmobility."ChettyfindsthatcommunitieslikeSaltLakeCity,withhighlevelsoftwo-parentfamiliesandreligiosity,aremuchmorelikelytoseepoorchildrengetaheadthancommunitieslikeAtlanta,withhighlevelsofracialandeconomicsegregation.Chettyhasnotyetissuedacomprehensiveanalysisoftherelativepredictivepowerofeachofthesefactors.Basedonmyanalysesofthedata.ofthefactorsthatChettyhashighlighted,thefollowingthreeseemtobemostpredictiveofupwardmobilityinagivencommunity:1.Per-capita(人均)incomegrowth2.Prevalenceofsinglemothers(wherecorrelationisstrong,butnegative)3.Per-capitalocalgovernmentspendingInotherwords,communitieswithhighlevelsofper-capitaincomegrowth,highpercentagesoftwo-parentfamilies,andhighlocalgovernmentspending-whichmaystandforgoodschools-arethemostlikelytohelppoorchildrenreliveHoratioAlger'srags-to-richesstory.61.HowdoesObamavieweconomicinequality?A.Itisthebiggestobstacletosocialmobility.B.Itisthegreatestthreattosocialstability.C.ItistheNo.1enemyofincomegrowth.D.Itisthemostmaliciouss