內(nèi)蒙古赤峰市第二中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月月考英語試題

赤峰二中2021級高三上學(xué)期第二次月考英語試題第Ⅰ卷第一部分：基礎(chǔ)知識(共20小題，每題分滿分30分)1.ChineseTVdramashavegainedincreasing________(popular)amongviewersinGhana.(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】popularity【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：中國電視劇在加納觀眾中越來越受歡迎。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作賓語使用名詞，形容詞popular的名詞為：popularity，故填popularity。2.Toensurea________(benefit)andethicalfuturewithAI,itiscrucialtoaddresstheseconcerns.(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】beneficial【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：為了確保人工智能有一個有益的、合乎道德的未來，解決這些問題至關(guān)重要。分析句子可知，此空應(yīng)填形容詞和and后ethical為并列關(guān)系，在本句中作定語，修飾名詞future。故填beneficial。3.Additionally,therearespaces________(specific)designedforfamiliesvisitingthehospital.(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】specifically【解析】【詳解】考查副詞。句意：此外，還有專門為訪問醫(yī)院的家庭設(shè)計的空間。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處用副詞作狀語修飾designed，故填specifically。4.Guests_____(panic)andscreamedwhenthebombexploded.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】panicked【解析】【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：炸彈爆炸時，客人們驚慌失措，尖叫起來。分析句子可知，when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，主句空格處與screamed均為動詞過去式作句子的謂語，panic對應(yīng)的動詞過去式為panicked。故填：panicked。5.Childrenwillaskallkindsofquestions.Tomeettheir________(curious),we’dbetteranswerthem.(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】curiosity【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：孩子們會問各種各樣的問題。為了滿足他們的好奇心，我們最好回答他們。分析句子可知，形容詞性物主代詞后應(yīng)填名詞，curiosity表“好奇心”，為不可數(shù)名詞，在本句中作賓語。故填curiosity。6.Inaddition,itsuseoffiberconcreteisunique,whichstrengthenstheearthquake________(resist).(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】resistance【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：此外，其使用的纖維混凝土具有獨特性，增強了抗震性能。分析句子可知，此空應(yīng)填名詞作賓語，earthquakeresistance表“抗震性”，resistance意為“抵抗，抗力”，為不可數(shù)名詞，符合句意。故填resistance。7.Thiscan________(deep)theirknowledgeaboutthehistoryofthemoonandthesolarsystem.(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】deepen【解析】【詳解】考查動詞。句意：這可以加深他們對月球和太陽系歷史的了解。根據(jù)空前的can可知，空處應(yīng)用動詞原形。deep的動詞形式是deepen，意為“增長（知識），加深（理解）”，為及物動詞。故填deepen。8.Thisalsoreflectedthegender________(balance)inuseofemojisingeneralandtheSimejikeyboardinparticular.(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】imbalance【解析】【詳解】考查名詞，句意：這也反映了表情符號，尤其是Simeji鍵盤使用中的性別失衡。分析句子可知，此空應(yīng)填名詞作賓語，再由句意可知，應(yīng)填imbalance，表“不平衡”，為不可數(shù)名詞，符合句意。故填imbalance。9.Tomneverlefthisparents,sohedidn’tgetusedtodealingwitheverythinginschool________.(depend)(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】independently【解析】【詳解】考查副詞。句意：湯姆從未離開過父母，所以他不習(xí)慣獨立處理學(xué)校里的一切。分析句子可知，此空應(yīng)填副詞作狀語，修飾前面動詞，independently表“獨立地”，符合句意。故填independently。10.Thesunstartedtorise,sothestarsbecame________(visible)onebyone.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】invisible【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。太陽開始上升，因此星星一個一個變得看不見了。系動詞bee后跟形容詞作表語，根據(jù)英文提示visible“可見的”和生活常識可知，此處表示相反含義，反義詞invisible，故填invisible。11.Frisbeeisanentertainingand________(pete)sportthatoriginatedintheUS.(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】petitive【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：飛盤是一項娛樂和競技運動，起源于美國。此處修飾后文名詞sport，應(yīng)用形容詞petitive，作定語。故填petitive。12.Anewmusicformemerged,calledtriphop,a________(mix)ofjazz,hiphopandelectronicmusic.(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】mixture【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：一種新的音樂形式出現(xiàn)了，叫做triphop，它融合了爵士樂、嘻哈音樂和電子音樂。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作同位語，根據(jù)空白處前面的不定冠詞a可判斷出空白處應(yīng)填名詞，動詞mix的名詞形式為：mixture，故填mixture。13.Hespenttwonightsunderclose________(observe)inhospital.(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】observation【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：他在醫(yī)院接受了兩個晚上的密切觀察。分析句子可知，此空應(yīng)填名詞和前面介詞構(gòu)成介詞短語，underobservation表“在觀察中”，為固定搭配。故填observation。14.Hedevotedhimselfto________(science)researchonhowtoimprovetheproductivityoffarming.(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】scientific【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他致力于如何提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力的科學(xué)研究。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作定語表示屬性，使用形容詞，名詞science的形容詞為：scientific，故填scientific。15.Peoplehavefinallyrealizedthatitistheir________(responsible)toprotectthisgreatriver.(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】responsibility【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：人們終于意識到保護(hù)這條大河是他們的責(zé)任。此處作表語，應(yīng)填名詞responsibility，此處特指保護(hù)這條大河的責(zé)任，應(yīng)用單數(shù)。故填responsibility。16.Someuniversitystudentscarriedoutacampaign________theyspenttheirwholedaywithoutcellphones.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）【答案】where【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：一些大學(xué)生開展一項活動，在活動中，他們度過一整天而不使用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為campaign，關(guān)系詞將先行詞代入定語從句中作地點狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)該定語從句。故填where。17.Whetherwecanhavecleandrinkingwaterliesin________effectivemeasureswillbetakenbythegovernmentaboutwaterpollution.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】what【解析】【詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：我們能否擁有清潔的飲用水取決于政府將采取什么有效措施來解決水污染問題。分析句子可知，這里考查賓語從句，且由句意可知，這里表示“用什么有效的措施”，所以用what來引導(dǎo)賓語從句。故填what。18.Thefatherandhissongotlostinthemountainandtheyhadtoeat________foodtheycouldfindthere.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】whatever【解析】【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：父親和兒子在山上迷路了，他們不得不吃他們在那里能找到的任何食物。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這是一個包含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，空白處在句子中作定語表示內(nèi)容，使用what連接賓語從句，根據(jù)上文“theyhadtoeat(他們不得不吃……)”以及下文“theycouldfindthere(他們在那里能找到的)”可推理出，空白處應(yīng)填表達(dá)“無論什么”含義的連詞，whatever含義為“無論什么”，符合句意，故填whatever。19.Thisshouldserveasawarning________peopleshouldbeawareoftheirsurroundings,especiallywhencrossingroads.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）【答案】that【解析】【詳解】考查同位語從句。句意：這應(yīng)該當(dāng)作一種警告，人們應(yīng)該意識到周圍的環(huán)境，特別是穿過馬路的時候。此處引導(dǎo)同位語從句，從句句意完整、成分齊全，應(yīng)用只起連接作用、無實意的that引導(dǎo)。故填that。20.________theywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialsimilaritybetweenthem.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】That【解析】【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：從他們的面部相似性就可以清楚地看出他們實際上是姐妹。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這是一個包含主語從句的復(fù)合句，因空白處在主語從句中不作成分，且主語從句句意完整，使用that引導(dǎo)主語從句，故填That。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，20小題，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑AFuturehometechnologiesyoushouldknowinadvanceHerearesomeofthefuturehometechnologiesthateveryoneshouldknowabout.AutomatedRobotsArobotmadebyscientistsinGermanydoesmorethancleanthefloor.Theonearmed,threefingereddevicecanpickupitems,tidyup,runvariousmachinesandevenservedrinkstoguests.LightingControlsTurningonalightfromawallswitchisoutofdatenow.Lightscannowbecontrolledfrommobileequipment,touchscreensoranautomatedsystem.NEST,asmartthermostat(恒溫器)producedbyGoogle,canevenbeprogrammedtoturnonlightsinyourhomeandcooltheairinsideatvarioustimesofthedayornight.PowerTrackingorEnergyEfficientTechThinkofanenergysystemthatcantellyouwhenyouneedtogooveryourpowerbudget(預(yù)算)forthemonth.TheTotalHomeEnergyManagementprogramcreatedbyanAmericanpanydoesjustthat.Ittracksahome’senergyuseandrelevantcosts.Itcanevenanalyzedevicesinthehomeandtellownerswhentheyneedtobeupgradedtomoreenergyefficientones.Besides,itcanconstantlyaddnewfunctionsandbeeamoreusefulsystem.SmartToiletsTherearetoiletsinJapanthatwillperformananalysisafterpeopledotheirbusiness,andtheninformthemwhethertheyhavediabetes(糖尿病)orareatriskofit.Toiletsmaysoonbeabletotellthatsomeonehascoloncancer(結(jié)腸癌).21.Whatcantherobotdoforitsowner?A.Repairmachines. B.Cleanthehouse.C.Cooltheairinside. D.Payelectricitybills.22.WhatdoNESTandTotalHomeEnergyManagementhaveinmon?A.Theybothareenergyefficient.B.Theybothcancontrolthelights.C.TheybotharecreatedintheUSA.D.Theybothcanupgradeautomatically.23.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofthesmarttoilets?A.Diseaseexaminationfunction. B.Touchscreencontrolling.C.Energysavingperformance. D.Intelligentheatedseating.【答案】21.B22.C23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了四項即將服務(wù)于家庭的智能家居技術(shù)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AutomatedRobots部分中“Theonearmed,threefingereddevicecanpickupitems,tidyup,runvariousmachinesandevenservedrinkstoguests.(這個單臂三指的設(shè)備可以撿東西、整理、運行各種機器，甚至為客人提供飲料。)”可知，這個機器人可以打掃屋子。故選B項?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LightingControls部分中“NEST,asmartthermostat(恒溫器)producedbyGoogle,canevenbeprogrammedtoturnonlightsinyourhomeandcooltheairinsideatvarioustimesofthedayornight.(谷歌生產(chǎn)的智能恒溫器NEST甚至可以通過編程，在白天或晚上的不同時間打開家中的燈，冷卻室內(nèi)的空氣。)”以及PowerTrackingorEnergyEfficientTech部分中“TheTotalHomeEnergyManagementprogramcreatedbyanAmericanpanydoesjustthat.(一家美國公司創(chuàng)建的家庭能源管理項目就是這樣做的。)”可知，兩種產(chǎn)品都是美國公司創(chuàng)造的。故選C項?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SmartToilets部分“TherearetoiletsinJapanthatwillperformananalysisafterpeopledotheirbusiness,andtheninformthemwhethertheyhavediabetes(糖尿病)orareatriskofit.Toiletsmaysoonbeabletotellthatsomeonehascoloncancer(結(jié)腸癌).(在日本，有些馬桶會在人們上廁所后進(jìn)行分析，然后告知他們是否患有糖尿病，或者是否有患糖尿病風(fēng)險。馬桶可能很快就能判斷某人是否患有結(jié)腸癌了。)”可知，疾病檢測功能是這種馬桶的一個特點。故選A項。BAccordingtoastudyconductedbyUKscientists,thereissomethingknownas“plantblindness”.Thisleadstothemonmisconceptionthatplantsseemtobe“l(fā)essalive”asparedtoanimals.Plantblindnesswasnotproventobewhatpeoplewerebornwith;rather,theseverelyreducedcontactwithnatureinurbanizedsocietiesappearedtobetheproblem’sroot.Accordingtotheresearch,adeclineinrelevantprior(先前的)experiencewithplantscausesthecycleofinattention.Urbancivilizationsdisplaywelldocumentedplantblindness.Kidsarefoundtofrequentlythinkofplantsaslesssuperiortoanimals,especiallywhenthey’reyoung,andstruggletorecognizeawidevarietyofspecies.Bothteachersandstudentsreportedhavingdifferentlevelsofplantknowledge,especiallyprimaryteacherswithoutasciencedegree.Olderpeoplearemoreknowledgeableaboutplantsbecausetheyaremorelikelytoappreciateoutdooractivities.35studiesconcludedthaturbanizationormodernizationhadadetrimentaleffectonplantknowledge.Theusefulnessofplantgatheringwasdecreasedbyagreaterdependencyonurbanservicesandacasheconomy.Theamountoftimeavailabletospendoutdoorswasreducedbyworkandschool.Thesefactorsalsodecreasedfamilytime,whichhadanegativeeffectonverballypassingdownplantknowledgetoyoungerandolderrelatives.Staggsaidthatinsteadofacognitive(認(rèn)知的)barriertothevisualperceptionofplants,peoplewholiveinhighlyindustrializedcountrieshavealackofplantattentioncausedbyadeclineinrelevantexposuretoplants.Staggpointedouttobreakthecycleofplantawareness,peoplemustbeexposedtobiodiverseenvironmentsandthekeyistoshowthattherearesomedirectadvantagesofplantstopeopleasopposedtoindirectadvantagesstemmingfromtheiruseinindustryoradvantagestodistant,traditionalsocieties.Experienceswithedibleandpracticalplantsinlocalenvironmentscanhelpwiththis.Youngergenerations’levelofbotanicalknowledgeisdirectlycorrelatedwithhowusefultheythinkthisknowledgeistothem.24.Whatcauses“plantblindness”?A.Theplantshavelittleattraction. B.Peoplelackcontactwithplants.CTheplantshaveinactivecharacters. D.Peopleliveanunhealthylifestyle.25.Whoaremostlikelytohave“plantblindness”?A.Teenagersinterestedinanimals. B.Expertsdevotedtoagriculture.C.Studentsmajoringinbiology. D.Farmersworkinginthefield.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“detrimental”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Encouraging. B.Harmful. C.Joyful. D.Temporary.27.WhichstatementmightStaggagreewith?A.“Plantblindness”canbetreatedorreduced.B.“Plantblindness”isbadforsocialdevelopment.C.“Plantblindness”issomethingpeoplearebornwith.D.“Plantblindness”happensmostinlessdevelopedcountries.【答案】24.B25.A26.B27.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種被稱為“植物盲癥”的現(xiàn)象，這種現(xiàn)象是由于缺乏對當(dāng)?shù)刂参锏睦斫夂托蕾p，是人們與植物接觸時間不足的結(jié)果?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Plantblindnesswasnotproventobewhatpeoplewerebornwith;rather,theseverelyreducedcontactwithnatureinurbanizedsocietiesappearedtobetheproblem’sroot.Accordingtotheresearch,adeclineinrelevantprior(先前的)experiencewithplantscausesthecycleofinattention.(植物盲癥并沒有被證明是人類與生俱來的；相反，城市化社會中與自然接觸的嚴(yán)重減少似乎是問題的根源。根據(jù)這項研究，與植物相關(guān)的先驗經(jīng)驗的減少會導(dǎo)致不關(guān)注的循環(huán))”可知，人們?nèi)狈εc植物的接觸導(dǎo)致了“植物盲癥”。故選B。【25題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Urbancivilizationsdisplaywelldocumentedplantblindness.Kidsarefoundtofrequentlythinkofplantsaslesssuperiortoanimals,especiallywhenthey’reyoung,andstruggletorecognizeawidevarietyofspecies.Bothteachersandstudentsreportedhavingdifferentlevelsofplantknowledge,especiallyprimaryteacherswithoutasciencedegree.Olderpeoplearemoreknowledgeableaboutplantsbecausetheyaremorelikelytoappreciateoutdooractivities.(城市文明表現(xiàn)出有充分證據(jù)的植物盲目性。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們經(jīng)常認(rèn)為植物不如動物高級，尤其是當(dāng)他們還小的時候，他們很難識別各種各樣的物種。教師和學(xué)生報告的植物知識水平不同，特別是沒有科學(xué)學(xué)位的小學(xué)教師。老年人對植物的了解更多，因為他們更喜歡戶外活動)”可知，對動物感興趣的青少年最有可能患上“植物盲癥”。故選A。【26題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Theusefulnessofplantgatheringwasdecreasedbyagreaterdependencyonurbanservicesandacasheconomy.Theamountoftimeavailabletospendoutdoorswasreducedbyworkandschool.Thesefactorsalsodecreasedfamilytime,whichhadanegativeeffectonverballypassingdownplantknowledgetoyoungerandolderrelatives.(由于更依賴城市服務(wù)和現(xiàn)金經(jīng)濟(jì)，植物采集的有用性降低了。由于工作和學(xué)校的原因，戶外活動的時間減少了。這些因素還減少了家庭時間，這對口頭將植物知識傳遞給年輕和年長的親屬產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響)”可知，本段主要說明了戶外活動減少影響了人們之間知識的口頭傳遞，即城市化或現(xiàn)代化對植物知識有不利影響。故劃線詞意思是“有害的，不利的”。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Staggpointedouttobreakthecycleofplantawareness,peoplemustbeexposedtobiodiverseenvironmentsandthekeyistoshowthattherearesomedirectadvantagesofplantstopeopleasopposedtoindirectadvantagesstemmingfromtheiruseinindustryoradvantagestodistant,traditionalsocieties.(Stagg指出，要打破植物意識的循環(huán)，人們必須接觸到生物多樣性的環(huán)境，關(guān)鍵是要表明植物對人們有一些直接的好處，而不是由于它們在工業(yè)上的使用而產(chǎn)生的間接好處或?qū)b遠(yuǎn)的傳統(tǒng)社會的好處)”可推知，Stagg認(rèn)為“植物盲癥”可以治療或減少。故選A。CResearchersinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)havediscoveredamajordifferenceinthewaymenandwomenrespondtostress.Thisdifferencemayexplainwhymenaremorelikelytosufferfromstressrelateddisorders.Untilnow,psychologicalresearchhasmaintainedthatbothmenandwomenhavethesame“fightorflight”reactiontostress.Inotherwords,individualseitherreactwithaggressivebehavior,suchasverbalorphysicalconflict(“fight”),ortheyreactbywithdrawingfromthestressfulsituation(“flight”).However,theUCLAresearchteamfoundthatmenandwomenhavequitedifferentbiologicalandbehavioralresponsestostress.Whilemenoftenreacttostressinthefightorflightresponse,womenoftenhaveanotherkindofreactionwhichcouldbecalled“tendandbefriend.”Thatis,theyoftenreacttostressfulconditionsbyprotectingandnurturingtheiryoung(“tend”),andbylookingforsocialcontactandsupportfromothers—especiallyotherfemales(“befriend”).Scientistshavelongknownthatinthefightorflightreactiontostress,animportantroleisplayedbycertainhormones(激素)releasedbythebody.TheUCLAresearchteamsuggeststhatthefemaletendorbefriendresponseisalsobasedonahormone.Thishormone,calledoxytocin,hasbeenstudiedinthecontextofchildbirth,butnowitisbeingstudiedforitsroleintheresponseofbothmenandwomentostress.Theprincipalinvestigator,Dr.ShelleyE.Taylor,explainedthat“animalsandpeoplewithhighlevelsofoxytocinarecalmer,morerelaxed,moresocial,andlessanxious.”Whilemenalsosecrete(分泌)oxytocin,itseffectsarereducedbymalehormones.Intermsofeverydaybehavior,theUCLAstudyfoundthatwomenarefarmorelikelythanmentoseeksocialcontactwhentheyarefeelingstressed.Theymayphonerelativesorfriends,oraskdirectionsiftheyarelost.Thestudyalsoshowedhowfathersandmothersrespondeddifferentlywhentheycamehometotheirfamilyafterastressfuldayatwork.Thetypicalfatherwantedtobeleftalonetoenjoysomepeaceandquiet.Foratypicalmother,copingwithabaddayatworkmeantfocusingherattentiononherchildrenandtheirneeds.Thedifferencesinrespondingtostressmayexplainthefactthatwomenhavelowerfrequencyofstressrelateddisorderssuchashighbloodpressureoraggressivebehavior.Thetendandbefriendregulatory(調(diào)節(jié)的)systemmayprotectwomenagainststress,andthismayexplainwhywomenonaveragelivelongerthanmen.28.TheUCLAstudyshowsthatinresponsetostressmenaremorelikelythanwomento______.A.turntofriendsforhelpB.solveaconflictcalmlyC.findanescapefromrealityD.seekfortfromchildren29.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutoxytocinaccordingtothepassage?A.Menhavethesamelevelofoxytocinaswomendo.B.Oxytocinusedtobestudiedinbothmenandwomen.C.Bothanimalsandpeoplehavehighlevelsofoxytocin.D.Oxytocinhasmoreofaneffectonwomenthanonmen.30.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Malehormoneshelpbuildupthebody’sresistancetostress.B.Inafamilyamothercaresmoreaboutchildrenthanafatherdoes.C.Biologicaldifferencesleadtodifferentbehavioralresponsestostress.D.TheUCLAstudywasdesignedtoconfirmpreviousresearchfindings.31.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowmenandwomengetoverstressB.HowmenandwomensufferfromstressCHowresearchersoverestressproblemsD.Howresearchershandlestressrelateddisorders【答案】28.C29.D30.C31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要講述關(guān)于男女對壓力不同反應(yīng)的研究?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Whilemenoftenreacttostressinthefightorflightresponse,womenoftenhaveanotherkindofreactionwhichcouldbecalled“tendandbefriend.””(男性對壓力的反應(yīng)通常是“戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑”，而女性通常有另一種反應(yīng)，這種反應(yīng)可以被稱為“照顧和結(jié)盟”。)可知，在面對壓力時，男人們更可能會做出逃跑的反應(yīng)。故選C?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Whilemenalsosecrete（分泌）oxytocin,itseffectsarereducedbymalehormones.”(雖然男人也會分泌催產(chǎn)素，但它的作用會被男性荷爾蒙所削弱。)可知，Oxytocin的作用會被男性荷爾蒙所削弱，所以，相對比來說，它對女性的作用更大。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題?！癮nimalsandpeoplewithhighlevelsofoxytocinarecalmer,morerelaxed,moresocial,andlessanxious.”(有高水平催產(chǎn)素的動物和人更冷靜，更放松，更易社交，更少焦慮。)可知，生物學(xué)上的差異導(dǎo)致了對壓力的不同行為反應(yīng)。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ResearchersinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)havediscoveredamajordifferenceinthewaymenandwomenrespondtostress.Thisdifferencemayexplainwhymenaremorelikelytosufferfromstressrelateddisorders.”(加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校心理學(xué)系的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，男性和女性對壓力的反應(yīng)存在很大差異。這種差異可以解釋為什么男性更容易患上與壓力有關(guān)的疾病。)可知，這篇文章主要講述男女因為生物學(xué)的不同而對壓力有不同的反應(yīng)，并且應(yīng)對和解決辦法也不同。所以A項“男人和女人如何克服壓力”適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A。DChatGPTisanewAIsystemthatsoundssohumaninconversationsthatitcouldhostitsownradioprograms.Readingbetweenitsinstantlygenerated,perfectlygrammaticallines,peopleseedifferentvisionsofthefuture.Withoutdoubt,ChatGPTisimpressive.SomeparetheemergenceofChatGPTwiththeimpactoftheiPhone,butthatdoesn’tdoitjustice.ChatGPT,aswellasthegenerativeAIthatwillfollowandoutsmartit,ismoredisruptive.Andyet,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheendoftheworldisuponus.Onthecontrary,ChatGPT,Iwouldargue,mightservetomakeusmoreawareofourirreplaceablehumanqualities.Takethecreativeact,writinginparticular,asanexample,theAIpoweredchatbotalwaysproducessomethingbecauseithasthewholeworldofonlinedatatodrawfrom.Butunlikeus,itlackstheconsciousness.Thinkingishard,criticalthinkingevenharder,andChatGPTisn’tgoodateither.Itjustrestateswhathasalreadybeensaid;itisonebigrecyclingmachine.ThereisanotherobviouslimitationofChatGPT.PhilosopherHarryFrankfurtonceclaimed:thedifferencebetweenabullshitterandaliaristhattheliarknowswhatthetruthis,butdecidestotaketheoppositedirection;abullshitter,however,hasnoregardforthetruthatall.TheAIscholarGaryMarcusappliesthisdistinctiontoChatGPT.Hebelievesthatwehavereachedacriticalpointwhere“thepriceofbullshitreacheszeroandpeoplewhowanttospreadmisinformation,eitherpoliticallyorjusttomakeaprofit,startdoingthatplentifully”.Unfortunately,ChatGPTwillreproducemisinformationfromanyofitsinputsources—itisnotanintelligentsystemthattriestobalanceorweighdifferentperspectives.Inthissense,everythingthatChatGPTwritesisbullshit.ThisiswhythesocalledAIQiscritical.ItisactuallyanextensionandameasurementofourhumanIQ:ouroverallknowledgeofAItools,ourmasteryofclues,andourethicalawareness.ChatGPTisgoingtochangeeverythingandnothing.Creativity,imaginationandethics—thesewillallremainuniquehumandomains.ItistheAI’sverylimitationsthatwillmakeusappreciateourown.32.WhatcanwelearnaboutChatGPT?A.Ithelpsgenerateanartificialvoice. B.Itprovidesinstructionsonwritingskills.C.Itgeneratesnaturallanguageresponses. D.Itoffersaserviceforlanguagelearning.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disruptive”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Evil. B.Reliable. C.Profitable. D.Revolutionary.34.What’sthewritingpurposeofParagraph3?A.ToshowthedifferencesbetweenhumansandAI.B.Todescribethelimitationsofhumanconsciousness.C.ToexplainwhyChatGPTisn’tabigrecyclingmachine.D.ToproveChatGPTmakehumansawareoftheirirreplaceablehumanqualities.35.WhydoestheauthorconsiderChatGPTasabullshitgenerator?A.Itmakesupliesconstantly. B.Itcan’ttellrightfromwrong.C.Itoftenmakesunfairjudgement. D.Italwaystakesaneutralstandpoint.【答案】32.C33.D34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。ChatGPT將改變一切，但不會改變?nèi)魏问虑?。?chuàng)造力、想象力和道德——這些都將是人類獨有的領(lǐng)域，正是人工智能的局限性讓我們欣賞自己?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Readingbetweenitsinstantlygenerated,perfectlygrammaticallines,peopleseedifferentvisionsofthefuture.(閱讀它即時生成的、語法完美的句子，人們看到了對未來的不同愿景。)”可知，ChatGPT會產(chǎn)生自然的語言回應(yīng)，故選C項?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞的下文“Andyet,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheendoftheworldisuponus.(然而，這并不一定意味著世界末日即將來臨)”可推理出劃線詞的含義為“革命性的”，故選D項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Andyet,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheendoftheworldisuponus.Onthecontrary,ChatGPT,Iwouldargue,mightservetomakeusmoreawareofourirreplaceablehumanqualities.(然而，這并不一定意味著世界末日即將到來。相反，我認(rèn)為，ChatGPT可能會讓我們更加意識到我們不可替代的人類品質(zhì)。)”可知作者在第二段提出了自己的觀點。再根據(jù)第三段“Thinkingishard,criticalthinkingevenharder,andChatGPTisn’tgoodateither.(思考很難，批判性思維更難，而ChatGPT也不擅長。)”、第四段“ThereisanotherobviouslimitationofChatGPT.(ChatGPT還有另一個明顯的局限性。)”以及最后一段“Creativity,imaginationandethics—thesewillallremainuniquehumandomains.(創(chuàng)造力、想象力和道德——這些都將是人類獨有的領(lǐng)域)”可知本文的寫作目的是證明ChatGPT讓人類意識到他們不可替代的人類品質(zhì)，故選D項。【35題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Unfortunately,ChatGPTwillreproducemisinformationfromanyofitsinputsources—itisnotanintelligentsystemthattriestobalanceorweighdifferentperspectives.Inthissense,everythingthatChatGPTwritesisbullshit.(不幸的是，ChatGPT會從其任何輸入源復(fù)制錯誤信息——它不是一個試圖平衡或權(quán)衡不同觀點的智能系統(tǒng)。從這個意義上說，ChatGPT所寫的一切都是胡說八道。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為ChatGPT是一個胡說八道生成器的原因是ChatGPT分不清是非，故選B項。第二節(jié)(共5小題,每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Shouldschoolsreportastudent’shealthtoparents?Asifgradesweren’tenoughtoworryabout,somestudentsnowhaveweightontheirmindstoo.ThenumberofoverweightchildrenintheUnitedStateshasmorethandoubledinthepast20years,accordingtotheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.____36____Asaresult,schoolsinseveralstates,fromCaliforniatoPennsylvania,havestartedsendinghome"BMIreportcards".Thoseschoolssendhomeareportofastudent’sbodymassindex(BMI).BMIisacalculationofweightandheightthattellswhetherapersonisoverweightforhisorherage.____37____Peopleonbothsidesofthedebateareweighingin.SomelawmakerssayBMIreportswarnparentsoftheirchildrenshealthproblemhelpfightagainstobesity.In2003,formerArkansasGovernor.MikeHuckabeehelpedlaunchthefirstprogramtoreportstudents’BMI.____38____PechatricianJoeThompsonhelpedplantheBMIprogramforArkansasschools.HeexplainsthatthereportsinArkansasaresenthomeseparatelyfromreportcards.“Themisconceptionisthatstudentsarebeinggradedontheirweight,”hetoldWRNews,“Justlikeaschoolscreenforvisionorhearing,thisisahealthapproachtoraiseawarenessaboutarisk.”____39____Parentshaveplainedthatthereportsdamagetheirchildren’sselfrespect.Someparentssaykidsalsoworrythattheyarebeing“graded”ontheirweight.____40____Theypointoutthatmanyschoolcafeteriasservetastyfoods.ParentBrettLevyfromChicago,Illinois,believesthatschoolsshouldteachkidstoleadhealthylifestylesinsteadofreportingtheirBMIS.“TellingaboyorgirlaBMIisnoteducation,”hetoldWRNews.“It’safearstrategy.”A.ShouldschoolssendhomeBMIreports?B.Obesityratesinthatstatehavesincestoppedincreasing.C.Sincethenchildrenwithheartdiseasehavereceivedthereports.D.Noteveryonethinksthatreportingstudents’BMIisagoodidea.E.Schoolsagreethatmoreactivitiesarerequiredforstudentstocontrolweight.F.Beingobese,orseverelyoverweight,canleadtohealthproblemslaterinlife.G.Somepeoplearguethatschoolsthatlabelstudentsoverweightareactingunfairly.【答案】36.F37.A38.B39.D40.G【解析】【分析】本文是議論文。文章講述了美國一些學(xué)校向家長報告學(xué)生健康狀況這一措施，并對此進(jìn)行論述，陳述了正反雙方的理由。【36題詳解】上文“ThenumberofoverweightchildrenintheUnitedStateshasmorethandoubledinthepast20years(在過去的20年里，美國超重兒童的數(shù)量增加了一倍多)”講美國學(xué)校超重兒童，肥胖兒童數(shù)量大增，F(xiàn)項“Beingobese,orseverelyoverweight,canleadtohealthproblemslaterinlife.(肥胖或嚴(yán)重超重會導(dǎo)致晚年的健康問題)”說肥胖可能帶來的問題，下文“Asaresult,schoolsinseveralstates,fromCaliforniatoPennsylvania,havestartedsendinghome‘BMIreportcards’.(因此，從加州到賓夕法尼亞州，好幾個州的學(xué)校都開始給家里寄‘BMI成績單’)”講一些學(xué)校開始給家長寄‘BMI成績單’，報告學(xué)生身體健康狀況。F項承上啟下，邏輯關(guān)系明晰。故選F項。【37題詳解】下文“Peopleonbothsidesofthedebateareweighingin.(辯論雙方的人都在發(fā)表意見)”中說到“thedebate”，那么設(shè)空處需要明確辯論的是什么，A項“ShouldschoolssendhomeBMIreports?(學(xué)校應(yīng)該把BMI報告寄回家嗎?)”即辯論的話題。故選A項?！?8題詳解】上文“In2003,formerArkansasGovernorMikeHuckabeehelpedlaunchthefirstprogramtoreportstudents’BMI.(2003年，前阿肯色州州長邁克·赫卡比幫助啟動了第一個報告學(xué)生BMI的項目)”，B項“Obesityratesinthatstatehavesincestoppedincreasing.(從那以后，該州的肥胖率就停止了增長)”是上文“啟動了第一個報告學(xué)生BMI的項目”的結(jié)果，與上文是順承關(guān)系，且句中“thatstate”指代上文“Arkansas”，時間狀語“since”即“since2003”。故選B項。【39題詳解】下文“Parentshaveplainedthatthereportsdamagetheirchildren’sselfrespect.(家長們抱怨說，這些報告損害了孩子的自尊)”是D項“Noteveryonethinksthatreportingstudents’BMIisagoodidea.(并不是所有人都認(rèn)為報告學(xué)生的BMI是個好主意)”的舉例說明，具體說明了什么人，為什么不贊同報告學(xué)生的BMI，D項符合語境。故選D項?！?0題詳解】G項“Somepeoplearguethatschoolsthatlabelstudentsoverweightareactingunfairly.(一些人認(rèn)為學(xué)校給學(xué)生貼上超重的標(biāo)簽是不公平的)”說學(xué)校給學(xué)生貼上超重的標(biāo)簽，這是一種不公平的做法，下文“Theypointoutthatmanyschoolcafeteriasserveattyfoods.(他們指出許多學(xué)校的自助餐廳提供美味的食物)”指出學(xué)校一邊提供美味的食物，一邊給學(xué)生貼上超重的標(biāo)簽，對上文的“actingunfairly”作出了解釋，且G項中“Somepeople”即下文中“They”。故選G項。第三部分英語知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完型填空(共20小題,每小題分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Ifthistimelastyearyouhadtoldmethatanexercisebikewouldsaveme,I’dhave____41____youwerewrong.I’dhaveprotestedthatI’mnotathleticatall.Mycoordinationislackingandmy____42____isliketortoise.InGrade7,myphysicaleducationteacherwatchedme,eyebrow____43____,asItriedmybesttofollowthegymnastictraining.“You’redoingprettywellinmyclass,”hesaid,“forsomeonewithno____44____forsportsatall.”Inhighschool,Iwasn’t____45____forasingleteam.Iwasbookishandslow,andthat____46____ofbeingbettersuitedtoquietreadingandleisurelywalks____47____withmeforalongtime.Idiscoveredjogginginmylate20s,andIenjoyedthefeelingofquietacplishment—withoutthefearof____48____teammates.Itriedyogaandalwaysprioritized____49____pursuitsoverphysicalones.Itwas,_____50_____,mygraduallyworseningmentalconditionthat