2021年高考英語（北京卷）基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)積累與運(yùn)用（答案版）

2021年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語（北京卷）基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)積累與運(yùn)用答案完形填空基礎(chǔ)詞匯考查與積累takeatriphomebytrain坐火車回家oppositeamiddleagedman在中年男子的對(duì)面sharpeyes敏銳的目光onone’slap在某人大腿上adjustascarf調(diào)整圍巾wearon（指時(shí)間）過去managetodo設(shè)法并成功做某事wave揮動(dòng)stareat盯著dropoff打盹grab猛然的抓取inpanic在恐慌中astonished吃驚的bother使煩惱；打擾monitor(v.)監(jiān)控embarrassed尷尬的drag拖拽rock(v.)搖晃，晃動(dòng)alarm警報(bào)；驚慌sorrow悲傷relief寬慰；減輕confused困惑的concerned關(guān)心的；擔(dān)心的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換immediateadv.immediatelyadjustn.adjustmentangryadv.angrily;n.angernoiseadj.noisyrealn.realityreliefadj.relieved高考真題改編之語法填空who;2.toclimb語法填空基礎(chǔ)詞匯考查與積累diverse多樣的asideeffect副作用sort(v.)分類link...to...與...連接o...把...變成...eacross偶遇anelderlywoman老婦女wander徘徊，漫步aconveniencestore一便利店adramaticrise劇增naturaldisasters自然災(zāi)害resultin導(dǎo)致economicloss經(jīng)濟(jì)損失dueto因?yàn)閏limate氣候critical關(guān)鍵性的；至關(guān)緊要的extremeweatherevents極度的天氣事件詞性轉(zhuǎn)換pleteadv.pletelydiversen.diversityriencedconnectadj.connected;n.connectionsafeadv.safetyextremeadv.extremelylargeadv.largelyglobeadj.globallyconvenientn.convenienceinvestn.investmentpreventn.preventionmajorn.majorityfindn.finding閱讀A篇基礎(chǔ)詞匯考查與積累inthefieldof...在...的領(lǐng)域ideal理想的holdamaster’sdegree持有碩士學(xué)位applicant申請(qǐng)者agraduateprogram研究生課程assignment任務(wù)technicalinstitution技術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)haveagoodmandof熟悉掌握officerelatedsoftware辦公相關(guān)的軟件adaptto適應(yīng)possessinterpersonalandmunicationskills擁有人際交流技巧obtain獲得visa簽證arrange安排finance(v.)向...提供資金internship實(shí)習(xí)，實(shí)習(xí)期medicalinsurance醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)proof證據(jù)aprehensivehealthinsurance一份綜合的健康保險(xiǎn)atargetcountry目標(biāo)國(guó)insurancecoverage保險(xiǎn)范圍upto達(dá)到indicate表明motivation動(dòng)機(jī)medicalcertificate健康證明，診斷書access(v.)讀?。娔X文檔）fillouttheapplicationform填寫申請(qǐng)表athand在手邊respondto響應(yīng)，回應(yīng)candidate候選人，申請(qǐng)人contact(v.)聯(lián)系update新情況，更新fluent流利的getaccesstothedatabase訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫training培訓(xùn)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換applyn.applicationrequiren.requirementadaptn.adaptationpossessn.possessionpreparen.preparationarrangen.arrangementlocaten.locationmedicineadj.medicallimitadj.limitedselectn.selection;adj.selectivefluentn.fluencyfinanceadj.financialinsuren.insurancerespondn.responsemotivaten.motivation一詞多義（1）申請(qǐng)；（2）適用于；（3）涂抹；（4）專心，集中精力（1）贈(zèng)送，授予；（2）展現(xiàn)；（3）在場(chǎng)的；（4）現(xiàn)在的；（5）禮物；（6）現(xiàn)在四．高考真題改編之語法填空1.for;2.filling;3.selected五．寫作積累與練習(xí)1.Havingagoodmand/knowledgeofEnglishandofficerelatedsoftwaremakesyouequaltothejob.2.Ipossessstronginterpersonalandmunicationskills,andapositiveattitudetolife.Therefore,Icanbequalifiedforthejob.閱讀B篇基礎(chǔ)詞匯考查與積累informsb.of/about...通知某人...anonprofitorganization非盈利組織representative代表somewhat有點(diǎn)，稍微project項(xiàng)目supply供應(yīng)withouthesitation毫無疑問rewarding值得的collectitems收集物品eventually最后losesightof看不見focuson關(guān)注ithitsb.that...某人突然想到...getagoodgrade得到好成績(jī)overseas海外inthebeginning開始makeadifference有意義，有影響nowthat既然furtherone’seducation進(jìn)修initialplans最初的計(jì)劃involve牽扯，涉及l(fā)iveuptoone’sexpectations不辜負(fù)某人期望image圖像ment評(píng)論influence影響underrateone’spotential低估某人潛力詞性轉(zhuǎn)換introducen.introductionorganizationv.organizeimpressadj.impressive;n.impressiondetailadj.detailedpoweradj.powerfulhesitaten.hesitationvaryadj.variousimaginen.imaginationrealizen.realizationbeginn.beginning三．一詞多義（1）影響；（2）感動(dòng)；（3）侵襲四．高考真題改編之語法填空1.that;2.In五．長(zhǎng)難句分析當(dāng)我看到我們收集的各種物資時(shí)，我突然想到，我那天要做的每一套文具包最終將落到每一個(gè)伊拉克兒童之手。Ithitsb.that...是一個(gè)句式，表示“某人突然想到...”when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中有一個(gè)定語從句wehadcollected,用來修飾先行詞thevarioussupplies。在主句中也有一個(gè)定語從句，weweretobuildthatday用來修飾先行詞everykit。閱讀C篇基礎(chǔ)詞匯的考查與積累academic(n.)高等院校教師，高?？蒲腥藛Tsoundawarning發(fā)出警告humanity人類，人道engage從事globalcollapse全球崩塌widespread廣泛的，普遍的credible可信的，可靠的survey調(diào)查foodinsecurity食品不安全extremeweatherevents極端天氣事件freshwatershortage淡水短缺species物種beunderway在進(jìn)行中publicengagement公共參與pandemic大流行病economiccrises經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)virus病毒shutdownnations關(guān)閉國(guó)家safetynets安全網(wǎng)disastrously災(zāi)難性地lacking不足的，缺乏的flexibility靈活性scholar學(xué)者beconcernedwith...與..有關(guān)identifytrend識(shí)別趨勢(shì)civilization文明originator創(chuàng)始人ecologicalfootprint生態(tài)足跡concept概念measure衡量maintainagivenlifestyle維持特定的生活方式current現(xiàn)在地decade十年onlyif只要consequence結(jié)果severity嚴(yán)重性disturbance障礙，干擾ignore忽略turnout證明是victim受害者incurable難以治愈的signtheletter簽署信件issue問題makethebestof充分利用troubling令人不安的original原始的，創(chuàng)新的relevant相關(guān)的asforthepublicawarenessof....關(guān)于...的公共意識(shí)scared害怕的prioritize優(yōu)先處理；劃分優(yōu)先順序詞性轉(zhuǎn)換openadv.openlyriskadj.riskyglobeadj.globalespecialadv.especiallyadvanceadj.advancedsafen.safetywarnn.warningtotaladv.totallycertainadv.certainlypossibleadv.possiblyharmadj.harmfulreducen.reductionscienceadj.scientific三．熟詞生義(翻譯句子，并寫出黑體詞的含義)project,預(yù)計(jì)，推算翻譯：很多地區(qū)的研究人員已經(jīng)推算出，這種普遍的崩塌是本世紀(jì)一個(gè)可信的情景。四．長(zhǎng)難句分析1.在世界上技術(shù)最先進(jìn)的國(guó)家中，在面臨疫情仍得不到控制和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的時(shí)刻，呼吁公眾參與令人無法想象的事情尤為適宜?！昂粲跤葹檫m宜”，其中forpublicengagementwiththeunthinkable為修飾成分，修飾thecall。inthismomentofstilluncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrises為時(shí)間狀語，意為“在...的時(shí)刻”，intheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations意為“在世界上技術(shù)最先進(jìn)的國(guó)家里”。2.就在不久前，人們還無法想象，一種病毒會(huì)讓國(guó)家關(guān)閉，并且安全網(wǎng)會(huì)被證明是如此災(zāi)難性地缺乏靈活性。itwasunthinkablethat結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導(dǎo)主語從句,it為形式主語。句中第二處that引導(dǎo)并列的主語從句。prove“證明是”后接名詞或形容詞做表語，此句中l(wèi)ackinginflexibility為表語，disastrously為副詞，修飾形容詞lacking。閱讀D篇基礎(chǔ)詞匯考查與積累philosopher哲學(xué)家theorize建立理論vary變化measure衡量stateoftheart最先進(jìn)的advancedphysics高級(jí)物理學(xué)decisively果敢地，有決斷力地whatif如果...怎么辦intermsof依據(jù)，在...方面astronomy天文學(xué)relate...to...與...相關(guān)ecology生態(tài)學(xué)increasingly不斷增加地beawareof...意識(shí)到reflect反映，顯示conceptualize形成概念anewapproach一個(gè)新方法circumstance情況，情形asaresultof因?yàn)間lobalwarming全球變暖flow流動(dòng)besensitiveto對(duì)...敏感atthepresentrate以現(xiàn)在的速度programme(v.)編程onaverage平均地aheadofstandardtime提前于常規(guī)時(shí)間theoppositeeffects相反的作用register注冊(cè)；顯示shorttermirregularity短期的不規(guī)律longtermtrend長(zhǎng)期的趨勢(shì)dynamic動(dòng)力observatory天文臺(tái)reveal顯示，揭露witness目睹opt選擇inharmonywith與...和諧inrelationto有關(guān)atomictime原子時(shí)間encounter偶遇imbalance不平衡motivate激發(fā)counteract對(duì)抗，抵消consumefuel消耗燃料policy政策novel(adj.)創(chuàng)新的naturalphenomena自然現(xiàn)象forinstance比如officialcalendar官方日歷shiftdates轉(zhuǎn)變?nèi)掌趘ital重要的likewise同樣inability無能define下定義highlight強(qiáng)調(diào)adefinedcontext限定的背景valid有效的praiseworthy值得贊揚(yáng)的presentanassumption呈現(xiàn)假設(shè)crucial至關(guān)重要的definition定義afixedframe固定的框架shape(v.)塑造詞性轉(zhuǎn)換famousadv.famouslydependadj.dependent;n.dependenceabsoluteadv.absolutelyconsideradj.considerate;n.considerationbalanceadj.balancedtotaladv.totallyenvironmentadj.environmentallocaladv.locallybehaven.behavioragricultureadj.agriculturalsurviven.survival/survivorawaren.awarenessadmitn.admissionmeaningadj.meaningfulassumen.assumptionarguen.argument三．熟詞生義(翻譯句子，并寫出黑體詞的含義)1.wrinkle,小問題翻譯：愛因斯坦提出另外一個(gè)問題，他建立一個(gè)理論，時(shí)間會(huì)隨著測(cè)試地點(diǎn)而改變。2.register,顯示翻譯：鐘表顯示著河流動(dòng)態(tài)短期的不規(guī)則變化和長(zhǎng)期的趨勢(shì)。四．高考真題改編之語法填空1.which;2.towitness五．長(zhǎng)難句分析就是一種天文臺(tái)顯示河流從自身的時(shí)間框架如何行為變化，并且使得我們用智能手表或可以見證這些變化。It’s...that...為強(qiáng)調(diào)句句式，此句強(qiáng)調(diào)主語，asortofobservatory，謂語動(dòng)詞為并列的reveal和allow。閱讀理解七選五一．基礎(chǔ)詞匯考查與積累anenjoyablepastime一次令人愉快的消遣behindthescenes秘密地；在幕后distractone’smind分散注意力lowerstressandanxietylevels降低壓力和焦慮水平priorto在...之前validity有效性，有效assess評(píng)估tie...to...把...與....連接bloodpressure血壓bloodsugarlevel血糖水平whenitesto...當(dāng)談到tempo（樂曲的）拍子，節(jié)奏participant參與者monitorheartrates監(jiān)控心率followsuit仿效arangeofhealthissues許多健康問題resultin導(dǎo)致offthewall荒誕的，瘋狂的scientificbacking科學(xué)的支持implication暗示overallwellbeing整體的幸福individualized與個(gè)人有關(guān)的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換enjoyadj.enjoyablebenefitadj.beneficialsimilaradv.similarlyanxiousn.anxietyEuropeadj.Europeanvalueadj.valuablescienceadj.scientificimpressadj.impressive三．高考真題改編之語法填空1.Interestingly;2.on四．長(zhǎng)難句分析當(dāng)談到心臟健康問題時(shí)，有一個(gè)推測(cè)，不是音樂的風(fēng)格而是音樂的節(jié)奏對(duì)你的心臟健康有好處。Whenitesto...為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“當(dāng)談到...時(shí)”，第一個(gè)that為同位語從句，用來解釋說明speculation的內(nèi)容，第二個(gè)that為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)，itis...that...，在被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語部分中，用not...