課時(shí)提升作業(yè)四必修1Unit4Earthquakes含解析20210628237

四必修1Unit4Earthquakes(限時(shí)35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AEastAfricaisexperiencingtheworstdesertlocustoutbreakindecades.Climateeventshaveacceleratedbreedingofthepestacrosstheregion,andwithasuddenriseinthelocustpopulationexpectedincomingweeks,urgentactionsandfundsareneededtopreventahumancrisis.TwentymillionpeopleinsixoftheeightEastAfricancountriesaremostaffectedbyanongoingdesertlocustoutbreakatriskofseriousfoodinsecurity.Consideredamongthemostdestructiveofmovingpests,anadultlocustcanconsume2gofplantsperday,affectingcropsandgrasslands.Agrouptypicallyholds20to150millionlocustspersquarekilometerandcanmovehundredsofkilometersperday,invadingareascoveringmillionsofsquarekilometers.Anactivegroup,therefore,candestroycropsandgrasslandswithinaveryshortperiodoftime.Thatglobalwarmingcouldincreasetheriskofdesertlocustcrisiswasproposedovertenyearsago,andinFebruary,theUNSecretary-GeneralAntónioGuterresstatedthatthecurrentoutbreakislinkedtotheeffectsofclimatechange:“warmerseasmeanmoreperfectbreedinggroundforlocusts〞.Theoutbreakhasitsoriginsin2021,whenaseriesofwindstormsintheArabianPeninsula(阿拉伯半島)enabledthewarmandwetconditionsthedesertlocustrequirestobreedandbandundetectedinremoteregions.Thoughourfocushereismigrationwest,dreadfuloutbreaksofthedesertlocusthavebeenexperiencedtotheeast.Thesituationisgoingoutofcontrol.Arescueoperationandfinancialsupportadmitnodelay.TheFoodandAgriculturalOrganization(FAO)cantakeoutonlyUS$138millionforrapidresponseandimmediateaction—controllingthespreadofthedesertlocustandsafeguardinglivelihoods.Theysaythemathsisclear:abouthalfthefunding(資助)isneededforsupervision,groundandskycontrol,andunitingefforts;theotherhalfisneededforlivelihoodsandfoodsecurityoffarmers.Asforthehugegap,theyhavecalledontheinternationalcommunitytoactnowthroughfunding.However,bytheendofFebruary,justUS$69millionhadbeenpromised.ThismostalarmingcrisishasdevelopedandisworseninginEastAfrica.Thefundsneededtocontrolthesituationbecomeverydifficulttoachieveandthegapisabigconcern.【文章大意】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述了東非發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的沙漠蝗蟲災(zāi)害,預(yù)計(jì)在未來幾周內(nèi)蝗蟲數(shù)量會(huì)急劇增加。糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織呼吁國際社會(huì)立即籌集資金采取行動(dòng)控制沙漠蝗蟲災(zāi)害。1.WhydoesthecrisishappeninEastAfrica?A.Thereisabigpopulationthere.B.Therearelargedesertsandgrasslands.C.AfricalieswestofArabianPeninsula.D.Goodclimateforbreedingplaysarole.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知,東非正在經(jīng)歷幾十年來最嚴(yán)重的沙漠蝗蟲災(zāi)害,氣候活動(dòng)加速了該地區(qū)害蟲的繁殖。即蝗蟲危機(jī)在東非發(fā)生的原因是氣候條件有利于蝗蟲的繁殖。應(yīng)選D。2.WhydoesthewriterlistthosefiguresinPara.2?A.Towarnoftheterribledamagebylocusts.B.Tohelpusunderstandhowlocustslive.C.Toshowhowmanylocuststherearenow.D.TodrawapictureofthepresentAfrica.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知,八個(gè)東非國家中有六個(gè)國家的2000萬人受持續(xù)不斷的沙漠蝗蟲的影響最大,面臨嚴(yán)重的糧食不平安風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?；认x被認(rèn)為是最具破壞力的害蟲之一,一只成年蝗蟲每天可以吃掉2克植物,從而影響農(nóng)作物和草原。通常每平方千米的一個(gè)蝗蟲群會(huì)有2000萬至1.5億只蝗蟲,它們每天可以移動(dòng)數(shù)百千米,入侵面積達(dá)數(shù)百萬平方千米的地區(qū)。因此,移動(dòng)中的蝗蟲群可以在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)破壞農(nóng)作物和草原。因此判斷出作者在第2段中列出這些數(shù)字是為了警告人們蝗蟲會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的損失及破壞。3.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Thecrisisisnotnoticeduntilrecently.B.Morefundisneededtopreventthecrisis.C.Thecrisishasbeenthefocusoftheworld.D.LocustsareallfromtheArabianPeninsula.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知,對于資金的嚴(yán)重缺乏,糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織呼吁國際社會(huì)立即籌款。然而,到2月底,僅籌措到6900萬美元。因此我們可以推斷出需要更多資金來預(yù)防危機(jī)。4.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.KillingLocustsbeforetooLateB.GlobalWarming,aWorldProblemC.FundingGapforLocustCrisisD.Africa,aCrisis-strickenPlace【解析】選C。主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文章講述了東非發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的沙漠蝗蟲災(zāi)害,預(yù)計(jì)在未來幾周內(nèi)蝗蟲數(shù)量會(huì)急劇增加。糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織呼吁國際社會(huì)立即籌集資金采取行動(dòng)控制沙漠蝗蟲災(zāi)害。目前控制局勢所需的資金變得非常難以實(shí)現(xiàn),缺口是一個(gè)大問題。因此文章的最正確標(biāo)題是C項(xiàng)(蝗災(zāi)危機(jī)的資金缺口)?！局R(shí)拓展】佳詞積累

1.locustn.蝗蟲

2.outbreak n.爆發(fā)

3.breeding n.繁殖

4.ongoing adj.仍在進(jìn)行的,持續(xù)存在的

5.crisis n.危機(jī)

6.livelihood n.生計(jì),營生

7.worsen v.惡化,變得更壞B(2021·濟(jì)南模擬)WiththeundeniableincreaseingreenhouseemissionsonEarth,therecanbenodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer,andscientificstudieshaveproventhatifwecarryonlivingthewaywedo,thenglobaltemperatureswillriseevenmore.Sowhatexactlydoesthismeanforthefutureofourplanet?Globalwarmingwillinfactcauseextremeweatherconditions,meaningthatourwinterswouldbeevencolderthantheyarenow.Morethanthat,warmertemperatureswillleadtothemeltingoficeinthenorthandsouthpoles,whichinturnwillleadtorisingsealevelsacrosstheglobe.Thisisparticularlytroublingforlowcoastalregionsandsomeislandcountries.In1,000yearsorso,alltheseplaceswillbefloodedunderwater.Sowherewillwebeabletolive?Unlesswecanfindawaytoevolveintomermaidsandmermen,whichdoesn’tlookpromising,theonlysolutionistomoveelsewhere.Therewillbelittlechoiceleftoncealargeproportionofthelandislosttothesea,andotherremainingplaceswillbesohotthatitwillbeabsolutelyimpossibleforustosurvive.Countriesthatweconsidertobehotthesedayswillbeevenmoresoiftemperaturesincreaseby5,10,even15degrees.Itispossible,then,thattheoncefrozenpolesoftheArcticandAntarcticawillbesuitableenoughtolivein,havingmelteditsiceandwarmedup.It’sscarytothinkofourdescendents(后代)strugglingtosurviveinavirtuallyuninhabitableworld.Perhapsifpeoplestarttorealizehowtheiractionsnowcanhavesuchanimpactonfuturegenerations,theywillchangetheirattitudeandstarttothinkmoreaboutcaringfortheenvironment.Ifnot,we’llbelivinginaworldunderwaterandwillneedtothinkofawaytoturnourselvesintomermaids!【文章大意】如果不改變我們現(xiàn)在的生活方式,地球溫度將繼續(xù)上升,導(dǎo)致海水上漲,低海拔地區(qū)將被淹沒,其他地區(qū)也將熱得無法生存,人們不得不進(jìn)化成“美人魚〞!5.Whataboutourplanetin1,000yearsaccordingtothetext?A.Therewillbemorewater.B.Winterwillbecomemild.C.Low-lyingislandswilldisappear.D.Sealevelswillriseinthepolarregions.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知,如果氣溫繼續(xù)上升,大約1000年后,低海拔的沿海地區(qū)將被水淹沒。應(yīng)選C。6.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Hotplacestodaywillbecomecolder.B.Humansmightevolveintomermaids.C.Fewerplaceswillbesuitabletolive.D.Theearthwillbetotallycoveredbywater.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,氣候持續(xù)變暖會(huì)導(dǎo)致海平面上升,淹沒大局部地區(qū),適合人們居住的空間越來越小。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。7.Whatdoestheauthorappealtopeopletodo?A.Carefortheenvironment.B.Learntolivelikeamermaid.C.Takegoodcareofourchildren.D.Struggleforoursurvival.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“theywillchangetheirattitudeandstarttothinkmoreaboutcaringfortheenvironment.〞可知,作者寫這篇文章主要想讓人們改變態(tài)度,多考慮關(guān)心環(huán)境。A選項(xiàng)符合題意。8.Whichwordcandescribetheauthor’sattitudetowardsglobalwarming?A.Optimistic.B.Worried.C.Terrified. D.Unconcerned.【解析】選B。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容以及最后一段中“It’sscarytothinkofourdescendentsstrugglingtosurviveinavirtuallyuninhabitableworld.〞可知,作者對目前的氣候變化給人類帶來的災(zāi)難感到憂慮。應(yīng)選B。scary作形容詞,意為“使人驚慌的〞?！局R(shí)拓展】佳詞積累

1.temperaturen.溫度;氣溫

2.extreme adj.極端的

3.melt v.融化

4.particularly adv.尤其;特別地

5.absolutely adv.絕對地;完全地

6.generation n.一代;一代人

7.impact n.&v.影響Ⅱ.完形填空Manypeoplesetanacademicgoal:graduatingfromcollege.1,onewomanwaitedalongtimeto2thatgoal.Lastweek,84-year-oldJanetFeinreceivedherbachelor’s3ofsociology(社會(huì)學(xué))fromtheUniversityofTexasatDallas.

Fein4inNewYorkCity.Inhighschool,shejustwantedto5andgetajob.After6early,attheageof16,shewenttowork.Aftergettingmarried,shespent18yearsstayinghomewithherchildren.Sheheldseveraljobsthroughoutherlife,720yearsasasecretaryataDallashospital.Butshestillwantedto8abachelorFein9aprogramthatletspeopleaged65andoldertakefreeclassesatuniversities.“WitheachclassIalready10alot,butthenIalsolearnedalot.〞Healthexpertssaycontinuingwitheducationlaterinlifeisonewaytokeep11.TheybelievekeepingactiveandgivingyourselfsomethingtolookforwardtoisaInFein’scase,shekeptgoingtoclassevenasherhealthconditions13.Sheneededtouseawalker(助步器)togetaroundandrequiredoxygen.Shealso14kneeproblems.So,Feintook15classestofinishthelastpartofherdegreerequirements.Butshenevershowed16ofgivingup.

TracyGlass,Fein’sclassmate,saidFein’spersonal17ofworldevents—likethewomen’smovement—improvedalotofclassdiscussions.TheirsociologyteacherCarolLanham18thatFeinmadetheclassroomexperiencemoremeaningfulforotherstudents.

Feinhasalso19hercaregiverReneeBrown.At53,sheplanstobeginnursingschoolto20hercareer.Feintoldher,“Renee,youcandoit.IfIcandoit,youcandoit,andyouwillfeelsogoodaboutit.〞

【文章大意】本文是記敘文,講述了珍妮特·費(fèi)恩在84歲高齡獲得社會(huì)學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位的勵(lì)志故事。1.A.However B.ThereforeC.Instead D.Moreover【解析】選A。句意:許多人都會(huì)給自己定一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)目標(biāo):從大學(xué)畢業(yè)。然而,一位女士等待了很久才達(dá)成這一目標(biāo)。前后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故用However。2.A.miss B.accept C.set D.reach【解析】選D。句意:一位女士等待了很久才達(dá)成這一目標(biāo)。miss錯(cuò)過;想念;accept接受;set放;置;reach到達(dá)。3.A.position B.applicationC.offer D.degree【解析】選D。句意:上周,84歲的珍妮特·費(fèi)恩拿到了得克薩斯大學(xué)達(dá)拉斯分校的社會(huì)學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位。position位置,方位;application申請;offer提議;degree程度;學(xué)位。4.A.gotby B.grewupC.passedby D.tookoff【解析】選B。句意:費(fèi)恩在紐約市長大。gotby通過;經(jīng)過;grewup長大;passedby經(jīng)過;走過;tookoff起飛。5.A.teach B.study C.finish D.retire【解析】選C。句意:她只想結(jié)束高中學(xué)業(yè)去找工作。teach教;study學(xué)習(xí);finish完成;結(jié)束;retire退休。6.A.working B.settlingdownC.graduating D.givingup【解析】選C。句意:16歲早早畢業(yè)后,她就去工作了。working工作;settlingdown定居;安定下來;graduating畢業(yè);givingup放棄。7.A.supposing B.regardingC.concerning D.including【解析】選D。句意:她一生中做過好幾份工作,包括在達(dá)拉斯一家醫(yī)院當(dāng)了20年秘書。supposing假設(shè);認(rèn)為;regarding認(rèn)為;把……看作;concerning涉及;關(guān)系到;including包括。8.A.earn B.makeC.check D.abandon【解析】選A。句意:但她仍然想獲得一個(gè)學(xué)士學(xué)位。earn獲得;make做;制造;check核對;abandon放棄。9.A.tookpartin B.wasinchargeofC.handledwith D.wasawareof【解析】選A。句意:費(fèi)恩參加了一個(gè)工程,該工程允許65歲及以上的老人在公立大學(xué)免費(fèi)就讀。tookpartin參加;wasinchargeof掌控;handledwith處理;wasawareof意識(shí)到。10.A.paid B.knewC.considered D.forgot【解析】選B。句意:“即便已經(jīng)充分了解每節(jié)課的內(nèi)容,但還是能學(xué)到不少知識(shí)。〞(豐富的工作經(jīng)歷已經(jīng)讓她了解了課程的很多內(nèi)容)paid支付;knew知道;了解;considered考慮;forgot忘記。11.A.awake B.calm C.fit D.quiet【解析】選C。句意:健康專家表示,晚年繼續(xù)接受教育是保持健康的一種方法。awake醒著的;calm冷靜的;fit健康的;quiet安靜的。12.A.positive B.discouragingC.special D.difficult【解析】選A。句意:保持積極的心態(tài)并且有所期待是非常積極的一種舉措。positive積極的;discouraging令人灰心的;special特別的;difficult困難的。13.A.improved B.worsenedC.strengthened D.required【解析】選B。句意:以費(fèi)恩來說,即使健康狀況惡化,她仍堅(jiān)持上課。improved提升;worsened惡化;變得更壞;strengthened加強(qiáng);required要求。根據(jù)后文可知費(fèi)恩需要借助助步器行走,還需要吸氧。她的膝蓋狀況也不好。這說明她的健康狀況惡化了。14.A.caused B.solvedC.developed D.destroyed【解析】選C。句意:她的膝蓋狀況不好,根據(jù)“kneeproblems〞可知費(fèi)恩的膝蓋也有問題。caused導(dǎo)致;引起;solved解決;developed患(病);出現(xiàn)(問題);destroyed摧毀;消滅。15.A.academic B.regularC.additional D.online【解析】選D。句意:所以費(fèi)恩參加了在線課程,以完成學(xué)位要求的最后一局部課程。academic學(xué)術(shù)的;regular定期的;additional附加的、另外的;online在線的、網(wǎng)上的。根據(jù)前文可知費(fèi)恩的身體健康狀況很不好,所以為了獲得學(xué)位,她應(yīng)該是參加了網(wǎng)上課程,這樣不用奔波。16.A.symbols B.significanceC.signs D.signals【解析】選C。句意:但她從未有過放棄的跡象。symbols象征;significance意義;重要性;signs跡象;signals信號(hào)。17.A.memories B.performanceC.preferences D.interest【解析】選A。memories記憶;performance表演;preferences偏愛、優(yōu)先;interest興趣。根據(jù)“84-year-oldJanetFein〞可知費(fèi)恩已經(jīng)84歲了,她一定經(jīng)歷過婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)等世界大事,所以這里要表達(dá)的是費(fèi)恩對婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)等世界大事的個(gè)人記憶提高了課堂討論的氣氛。18.A.criticized B.agreedC.argued D.recommended【解析】選B。句意:她們的社會(huì)學(xué)老師卡羅爾·拉納姆也認(rèn)同費(fèi)恩讓課堂體驗(yàn)對其他學(xué)生來說更具意義。criticized批評;agreed同意;argued爭論;recommended推薦。19.A.praised B.amazedC.comforted D.inspired【解析】選D。句意:費(fèi)恩也鼓勵(lì)了自己的護(hù)理員蕾妮·布朗。praised贊揚(yáng);amazed使驚訝;comforted撫慰;inspired鼓勵(lì);啟發(fā)。20.A.start B.furtherC.change D.discover【解析】選B。句意:今年53歲的她方案進(jìn)入護(hù)理學(xué)校來進(jìn)一步提升自己的事業(yè)。start開始;further促進(jìn)、推進(jìn);change改變;discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。【知識(shí)拓展】熟詞生義小結(jié)

At53,sheplanstobeginnursingschooltofurtherhercareer.此處further用作動(dòng)詞,意為“提升〞。熟詞生義在高考閱讀理解和完形填空中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),一個(gè)單詞在不同的語境中有不同含義。平常學(xué)習(xí)多留意熟詞生義,能極大減小學(xué)生的閱讀困難或理解偏差。

例1(2021·全國卷Ⅰ):Ourexhibitswillfeedyourmind.(v.滿足)

例2(2021·全國卷Ⅰ):Ourcaféoffersacompletemenuoflunchandsnackoptions,inadditiontoseasonalspecials.(n.特色菜)

例3(2021·全國卷Ⅱ):Wewererespectfulofcraftandfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.(v.研究)Ⅲ.語法填空(誦讀經(jīng)典改編)Animalactivists1.gathered(gather)onHollywoodBoulevardwhen“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes〞2.wasshown(show)tothepubliclastmonth3.tosay(say)“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!〞tothefilmmakers,4.whousedmotion-capture(動(dòng)作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalized5.animals(animal).

Yet“Apes〞ismoreexception6.thantherule.Infact,anumberoffilmshavedrawntheangerofactivistsbecauseanimalsarenottreated7.properly(proper)inthefilms.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthe8.treatment(treat)ofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabs9.onmorethan2,000productions.Buttherearequestionsaboutthefilms10.made(make)outsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.閱讀填句(2021·四川模擬)AmongtheoutbreakofCOVID-19theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasofferedbasicprotectivemeasurestothepublicagainstthevirus.Washhandsfrequentlywithsoapandwateroruseanalcohol-basedhandrubifyourhandsarenotvisiblydirty.1

2Ifyousneezeorcoughintoyourhands,youmaycontaminate(污染;傳染)objectsorpeoplethatyoutouch.Throwtissuesimmediatelyintoaclosedbinandcleanhandswithalcohol-basedhandruborsoapandwater.

Keepatleastone-meterdistancebetweenyourselfandotherpeople,particularlythosewhoarecoughing,sneezingandhaveafever,becausecoughsorsneezesofpeoplewhoareinfectedwitharespiratory(呼吸系統(tǒng))diseaseproject(噴射)smalldropscontainingthevirus.3

Avoidtouchingeyes,noseandmouthbecausehandstouchmanysurfaces,whichcanbecontaminatedwiththevirus.Ifyoutouchyoureyes,noseormouthwithyourcontaminatedhands,youcantransferthevirusfromthesurfacetoyourself.Tellyourhealthcareproviderifyouhavetraveledinanareawheretheepidemic(流行病)hasbeenreported,orifyouhavebeeninclosecontactwithsomeonewhohasrespiratorysympto