華東師范大學外語學院244二外英語歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2003年華東師范大學244二外英語考研真題及詳解

2004年華東師范大學244二外英語考研真題及詳解

2005年華東師范大學244二外英語考研真題及詳解

2006年華東師范大學244二外英語考研真題及詳解

2007年華東師范大學244二外英語考研真題及詳解

2008年華東師范大學244二外英語考研真題及詳解

2009年華東師范大學244二外英語考研真題及詳解

2010年華東師范大學244二外英語考研真題及詳解

2011年華東師范大學244二外英語考研真題及詳解

2012年華東師范大學244二外英語考研真題及詳解

2003年華東師范大學244二外英語

考研真題及詳解

Ⅰ.Vocabulary(10%)

Directions:ChoosethebestONEanswertofillintheblankwithor

replacetheunderlinedpartineachofthesentences.

1.Muchtoourdelight,fruitsaresoabundantthatthepricesofthemno

longer_____greatly.

A.modify

B.fluctuate

C.convert

D.flourish

【答案】B

【解析】句意：令我們高興的是，水果是如此的豐富，其價格不會

再大幅度地波動。fluctuate波動。modify修改。convert改變。flourish繁

榮。

2.Ourcompany_____afterlongnegotiationstobuildadouble-purpose

bridgeacrosstheriver.

A.contacted

B.consulted

C.contracted

D.constructed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：經(jīng)過漫長的談判，我們公司承包建一座雙用橋。

contract承包；訂約。contact聯(lián)系。consult請教；商議。construct建造。

3.WhenIreturnedverylateatmidnight,Ifoundtheliftinourbuilding

outof_____again.

A.order

B.function

C.work

D.practice

【答案】A

【解析】句意：當我深夜回來的時候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們樓里的電梯又出

了故障。outoforder出故障，為固定搭配。

4.Theoldmanhasaseriousheartattackandisdying,_____.

A.withoutbreath

B.underbreath

C.shortofbreath

D.belowbreath

【答案】C

【解析】句意：這位老人心臟病發(fā)作，奄奄一息，呼吸困難。short

ofbreath呼吸困難；呼吸急促。

5.Tomwasgreatlydisturbedbythebadnews,sothesentenceshewas

readingmadeno_____tohimthoughhewastryinghardtocompose

himself.

A.feeling

B.sense

C.message

D.meaning

【答案】B

【解析】句意：湯姆被聽到的壞消息打斷了思路，所以他正在讀的

句子對他來說沒有任何意義，盡管他努力地使自己鎮(zhèn)定下來。makeno

sense毫無意義，為固定搭配。

6.Youcanbe_____thatyoursonwillattainhisgoalthroughhishard

working.

A.ensured

B.assured

C.insured

D.confirmed

【答案】B

【解析】句意：你放心，你的兒子一定會努力學習，達成目標。be

assuredthat...放心，為固定搭配。ensure確保。insure確保；給……保

險。confirm證實。

7.Therewasathicksnowinthestreet,butwhenthesuncameout,the

snowbeganto_____.

A.dissolve

B.melt

C.vanish

D.disappear

【答案】B

【解析】句意：街上雪很厚，但太陽出來時，雪就開始融化了。

melt融化。dissolve溶解。vanish消失。disappear消失。

8.Marytriedinvainto_____herbossintolettingherhaveaholiday.

A.tempt

B.convince

C.impose

D.reason

【答案】D

【解析】句意：瑪麗努力勸說老板讓她去度假，沒有成功。reason

sb.intodoingsth.說服某人做某事。tempt誘惑。convince使信服。impose

把……強加于。

9.It’simpossibleforthetwocompaniestoco-operatewitheachother

becausethereisabasic_____ofinterestbetweenthem.

A.conflict

B.contradiction

C.contest

D.competition

【答案】A

【解析】句意：這兩家公司不可能相互合作，因為他們之間有根本

的利益沖突。conflictofinterest利益沖突，為固定搭配。

10.Thecommitteelearnedalessonfromthedisturbancethat_____

decisionsoftenledtobitterregrets.

A.instant

B.urgent

C.hasty

D.prompt

【答案】C

【解析】句意：委員會從這次混亂中吸取到了教訓：草率的決定會

導致痛苦的懊悔。hastydecision草率的決定，為固定搭配。hasty草率

的。instant立即的。urgent緊急的。prompt迅速的。

11.Oneoftheconsequencesofadvancedcognitiveabilityhasbeenthe

emergenceofculturallife.

A.pertinent

B.perceptive

C.compiling

D.commendable

【答案】B

【解析】句意：高級認知能力的一個后果就是文化生活的產(chǎn)生。

cognitive認知的。perceptive感知的。pertinent相關(guān)的。compiling編譯。

commendable值得贊美的。

12.Inthatperiod,thesuperiorityofvirginityandsexualabstinenceover

marriagewasgenerallytakenforgranted.

A.restriction

B.desire

C.temptation

D.prohibition

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在那個時期，貞潔和節(jié)制性欲的優(yōu)越性通常被認為

是理所當然的。abstinence節(jié)制。restriction限制；約束。desire欲望。

temptation引誘。prohibition禁止。

13.Thegiftedboyhaswonthebigprize,ashehasagreatfacultyfor

playingthepiano.

A.teachingstaff

B.naturalability

C.unsatisfiableambition

D.proficientskill

【答案】B

【解析】句意：這個有天賦的小男孩贏得了大獎，因為他有彈鋼琴

的才能。faculty強調(diào)人天生就有的才能。naturalability天生的能力。

teachingstaff教職人員。unsatisfiableambition不可滿足的野心。proficient

skill熟練的技能。

14.Whenthebombexplodedinthesquare,crowdsofpeoplefledfrom

thereandseveralwomenandchildrenweretrampledtodeath.

A.squeezed

B.crashed

C.stamped

D.squashed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：當炸彈在廣場爆炸時，人們從那里逃了出來，有幾

個婦女和兒童被踩踏致死。trample踩；踐踏。stamp用腳踩踏。squeeze

擠；壓榨。crash撞碎；墜毀。squash壓碎；擠壓。

15.I’mquitehesitantaboutwhethertoacceptthejob.Isupposemy

decisionwilltoalargedegreedependonthesentimentIhaveformyfamily

here.

A.feeling

B.conception

C.idea

D.fascination

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我很猶豫是否要接受這份工作，我想我的決定很大

程度上取決于我對我家人的感情。sentiment感情；情緒。feeling感覺；

感情。conception設(shè)想；概念。idea想法。fascination魅力。

16.Chinawilllaunchamannedsatellitewithinthreeorfouryearsto

makeaprobeofthemoon.

A.invasion

B.examination

C.explanation

D.exploration

【答案】D

【解析】句意：中國將在三、四年內(nèi)發(fā)射一顆載人衛(wèi)星，對月球進

行探測。probe探測。exploration探測。invasion入侵。explanation解釋。

17.IfyourIDcardexpired,you’llhavetogetanewone.

A.isoverdue

B.comestoanend

C.isvalid

D.getslost

【答案】A

【解析】句意：如果你的身份證過期了，你就必須去辦一張新的。

expire期滿；終止。beoverdue過期的。cometoanend結(jié)束。bevalid有效

的。getlost丟失。

18.Mostofusdon’tthinkthattheelderlypresidentwillbeinaugurated

forhisthirdterm.

A.putintooffice

B.reelected

C.terminated

D.usheredin

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我們大多數(shù)人認為這個年邁的總統(tǒng)不會迎來他的第

三個任期。inaugurate使正式就任。getreelected獲得連任。terminate終

止。usherin開辟。

19.Dirtaccumulatesveryfastifonedoesn’tcleanthehouseeveryday.

A.evaporates

B.absorbs

C.heapsup

D.concentrates

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果每天不打掃房子，那么很快就會積塵。

accumulate積累。heapup堆積。evaporate蒸發(fā)。absorb吸收。concentrate

集中。

20.Inthestudyof3,250depressedpatients,only2.4percent

experiencedsideeffects.Thoseincluderestlessness,gastrointestinal

irritationsandmildallergicreactions.

A.sentimental

B.sensational

C.sensitive

D.sentiment

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在對3250名抑郁癥患者的調(diào)查中，只有2.4%的患者

有過副作用，包括坐立不安、腸胃不適以及輕微的過敏反應(yīng)。allergic

對……過敏的。sensitive易受傷害的；易受影響的。sentimental多愁善感

的。sensational轟動的；聳人聽聞的。sentiment感情。

Ⅱ.Structure(10%)

Directions:Choosethebestoneanswertoeachofthesentences.

21.Theschoolauthorities_____,therewouldbeanopenairpartywith

livemusicsoon.

A.permit

B.permits

C.permitted

D.permitting

【答案】D

【解析】句意：學校當局允許的話，那么很快就會舉辦一次有現(xiàn)場

音樂的露天派對。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作條件狀語，且表主動，故選D。

22.Thepopulationofmanywesterncitieshas_____doubledinthepast

tenyears.

A.largerthan

B.morethan

C.asgreatas

D.asmuchas

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在過去的十年里，西方人口增長了一倍多。more

than表示“多于；超出”，在這里做副詞，修飾double。

23.Ababymightshowfearofanunfamiliaradult,_____heislikelyto

smileandreachouttoanotherinfant.

A.if

B.whereas

C.sowhat

D.whenever

【答案】B

【解析】句意：一個嬰兒可能會表現(xiàn)出對一個不熟悉的成年人的恐

懼，然而他會微笑并與另一個嬰兒接觸。whereas然而，表轉(zhuǎn)折。

24.Mr.Smithisquitecertainthat_____todothisinperson,hewould

finditdifficulttoexpresshimselfwithoutlosinghispatience.

A.werehetotry

B.wouldhetry

C.washetrying

D.ifhetries

【答案】A

【解析】句意：史密斯先生十分確定，如果他努力親自去做這件

事，他會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很難在不失去耐心的情況下表達自己。此句為虛擬語

氣，省略if，將were提前，表示和現(xiàn)在相反的事實。

25._____sherealizeditwasnecessaryforhertoreturnhome.

A.Nosooneritgrewdarkthan

B.Hardlyitgrewdarkwhen

C.Itwasnotuntildarkthat

D.Itwasuntildarkthat

【答案】C

【解析】句意：一直到天黑，她才意識到她該回家了。Itwas...that...

為強調(diào)句型，與notuntil的搭配一般為：Itwas/is+notuntil+被強調(diào)的部

分+that從句，意為“直到……才……”。

26.Wecouldseethevalley_____inthesunshine.

A.lyingpeaceful

B.layingpeaceful

C.lyingpeacefully

D.layingpeacefully

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我們可以看到山谷靜靜地躺在陽光下。seesb./sth.

doingsth.看見某人某物正在做某事。lie的現(xiàn)在進行時為lying。

27.Mr.Blackisn’tascapableapersonasisexpected,so_____willhe

beabletoregaincontroloftheboard.

A.withhardwork

B.muchhardwork

C.onlyifheworkshard

D.ifonlyheworkshard

【答案】C

【解析】句意：布萊克先生的能力不如預(yù)期，所以只有努力工作，

他才能重新獲得董事會的控制權(quán)。onlyif只有，表條件關(guān)系，放在句

首，從句用倒裝。

28.Whatheusuallydoesandsays_____witheachother.

A.don’tagree

B.doesn’tagree

C.didn’tagree

D.isn’tagreeing

【答案】A

【解析】句意：他通常做的和說的不一致。what引導主語從句，但

表示“做的”和“說的”兩個方面，為復(fù)數(shù)意義，故謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

29.Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects_____inboththe

UnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1990.

A.havebeenconducting

B.wereconducting

C.hadbeenconducted

D.wasconducted

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在1990年之前，美國和歐洲都進行了關(guān)于移動物體

攝影的實驗。實驗應(yīng)該是被做，故用被動語態(tài)，且事情發(fā)生在1990年之

前，是過去的過去，故用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。

30.Theyleftthemeetingroom,_____thattherewouldbenogood

result.

A.convincing

B.convinced

C.believed

D.believedin

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他們離開會議室，確信不會有好的結(jié)果發(fā)生。

convince使確信，因此當人做主語時，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)convinced，做伴隨

狀語。

31.It’sabitexpensive,butyouget_____.

A.yourmoneyworth

B.yourworthmoney

C.yourmoney’sworth

D.yourworthofmoney

【答案】C

【解析】句意：這個是貴了點，但你這錢花的值。getyourmoney’s

worth錢花得值，為固定搭配。

32.Isthis_____voicethatwehear?

A.aboyoragirl’s

B.aboy’soragirl’s

C.aboy’soragirl

D.ofaboyoragirl

【答案】A

【解析】句意：這是我們聽到的男孩或者女孩的聲音嗎？在符合名

詞或短語中，所有格加在最后一個名詞詞尾。

33.Thegirltoldme_____wouldcometotheparty,butonlyafew

showedup.

A.manyJanefriends

B.manyJane’sfriend

C.manyofJane’sfriends

D.manyfriendsofJane

【答案】C

【句意】句意：那個女孩告訴我，簡的許多朋友都會來派對，但只

來了幾個。此處為雙重所有格，of+名詞’s所有格，為固定搭配。

34.TheVanguardisa_____,isn’tit?

A.Sundaypaper

B.Sunday’spaper

C.paperofSunday

D.paperSunday

【答案】A

【解析】句意：《先鋒》是周日刊，不是嗎？Sundaypaper周日刊，

為固定搭配。

35.Itsuddenlydawned_____methatIhadbeenmadefunof.

A.upon

B.to

C.for

D.at

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我突然意識到我被取笑了。Itdawnsuponsb.that...某

人開始明白，為固定搭配。

36.Therewassilenceforafewmoments,thenLiHua,mycolleague,

cameout_____amostvaluableproposal.

A.for

B.with

C.of

D.on

【答案】B

【解析】句意：沉默了一會，然后我的同事李華提出了一條最有價

值的建議。comeoutwith表示“說出；提出”，為固定搭配。

37.AsIamheradviser,IthinkI_____tellherthenews.

A.need

B.will

C.may

D.oughtto

【答案】D

【解析】句意：因為我是她的顧問，我想我應(yīng)該告訴她這個消息。

oughtto意為“應(yīng)該”，一般出于法令規(guī)則、行為準則和道德責任等客觀情

況。

38.They_____,buttheyfailedintheend.

A.hopedtosucceed

B.hopedtohavesuccess

C.hopedtobesucceeded

D.hopedtohavesucceeded

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他們希望能成功，但最終還是失敗了。hopedtohave

done=hadhopedtodosth.表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望，為固定用法。

39._____thepitontheroad,thebuswashalted.

A.Havingspotted

B.Thedriverspotting

C.Afterspotting

D.Thedriverspotted

【答案】B

【解析】句意：司機發(fā)現(xiàn)了路上的一個坑，停下了公共汽車。此處

為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因為是司機發(fā)現(xiàn)情況，是主動語態(tài)，故選B。

40.Sincethereissomethingwrongwithhislungs,hedecidestolimit

himself_____5cigarsaday.

A.tosmoke

B.onsmoke

C.tosmoking

D.onsmoking

【答案】C

【解析】句意：因為他的肺出了問題，所以他決定限制自己每天只

抽5根雪茄。limitoneselftodoingsth.表示“限制自己在做某事的范圍

內(nèi)”，為固定搭配。

Ⅲ.Cloze(10%)

Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblank

thereareFOURchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDontherightsideofthepaper.

YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Thenmarkthe

correspondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthe

center.

Adictionarysaysthatagreenhouseisa“temperateconservatoryfor

growingplants”andthataconservatoryisa“glasshouse”.Agreenhouseisa

buildingmadealmostentirelyofglass.Which(41)_____heatandisusedfor

growingplants.Theleavesoftheplantsgivethebuildingagenerally(42)

_____appearanceinside,andthis,presumably,givesrisetoitsname.Ican

onlyassumethatwedonotcallita“glasshouse”thesedaysasthisisthe(43)

_____giventoanarmyprison.Thename“conservatory”isnowgiventoa

glassbuilding(44)_____totheoutsidewallofahouse,andforgrowing

indoorplantsorasawarm,relaxing(45)_____roomtothehome.Itiswarm

becauseglassallowstheraysofthesuntopassthrough,but(46)_____the

heattryingtoescape.

Perhapsyouhavenoticedhowhotitbecomesina(47)_____carona

sunnyday,evenwhenthetemperatureoutsideislow.Thesun’srayspass

throughthewindscreenandare(48)_____bytheseatsofthecar.Theserays

warmtheseats,which(49)_____radiatetheheatbackintothecar.Theheat

reachesthewindscreenandthewindows(50)_____cannotescapethrough

theglass.Thustheinsideofthe(51)_____warmsup.Thisisthewaythat

greenhousesheatup.

Theshort-waveradiationofthesunpassesthroughthe(52)_____walls

androofofthegreenhouseand(53)_____thefloor,shelves,plantpotsand

(54)_____elseinside.Thesewarmedobjectspassback(55)_____long-

waveradiationtheheattheyhavegained,andasthistriesto(56)_____most

ofitisblockedbytheglass.Sotheheatinside(57)_____.Atnight,withno

extrasunentering,theheat(58)_____escapes,throughtheglass,orthrough

thevarious(59)_____aroundthedoorandwindows,orbybeingabsorbed

intothe(60)_____ofthebuilding.

41.A.conserves

B.confuses

C.controls

D.converts

42.A.glorious

B.gloomy

C.green

D.golden

43.A.order

B.title

C.right

D.name

44.A.attached

B.responded

C.devoted

D.contributed

45.A.inner

B.extra

C.mutual

D.magic

46.A.violates

B.blocks

C.upsets

D.reflects

47.A.parking

B.parked

C.coating

D.coated

48.A.absorbed

B.attracted

C.abandoned

D.aroused

49.A.aboveall

B.ofcourse

C.inturn

D.atonce

50.A.but

B.even

C.and

D.so

51.A.greenhouse

B.vehicle

C.glasshouse

D.conservatory

52.A.rubber

B.fabric

C.glass

D.metal

53.A.heat

B.heated

C.heating

D.heats

54.A.somewhere

B.something

C.everywhere

D.everything

55.A.as

B.like

C.for

D.such

56.A.evolve

B.emerge

C.escape

D.exhaust

57.A.shutsoff

B.buildsup

C.goesout

D.moveson

58.A.finally

B.eventually

C.particularly

D.invisibly

59.A.mats

B.sprays

C.gaps

D.spots

60.A.foundation

B.property

C.establishment

D.operation

【答案與解析】

41.A溫室由玻璃制成的主要目的是儲存熱量，用于植物生長。

42.C“greenhouse”名字的由來，就是因為植物的葉子使溫室里呈現(xiàn)

一片綠色。

43.D溫室不再被成為“玻璃房”的原因是：軍隊中的監(jiān)獄被稱為玻

璃房，即這是監(jiān)獄的名字。

44.A溫室是指一種貼著房子外部的由玻璃制成的建筑。attachto

貼；連接；依附。

45.B溫室還可以作為一個溫暖的、令人放松的額外空間。

46.B溫室玻璃會阻擋住想要跑出去的熱量。

47.B這里指停著的車在太陽下內(nèi)部溫度會很高，這樣才能夠長時

間的吸收太陽光，使溫度升高。

48.A車的座位會吸收太陽光的射線，使溫度升高。

49.Cinturn反過來。指車座吸收的熱量會反過來釋放到車內(nèi)部。

50.A熱量會觸及車窗及擋風玻璃，但是不能擴散出去。

51.B這里指車內(nèi)部變得溫暖起來。vehicle車輛；交通工具。

52.C溫室的原理和車內(nèi)部溫度升高一樣，太陽射線穿過玻璃墻和

溫室頂部。

53.D穿進去的太陽射線使地面、架子和花盆等變熱。heat和前面

的passes為并列關(guān)系，故時態(tài)應(yīng)該一致。

54.D穿進去的太陽射線也使其他別的東西溫度升高。

55.A這些溫度升高了的物體會以長波輻射的形式釋放出它們獲得

的熱量。as作為……。

56.C這些釋放出的熱量會想要擴散出去，但是會受到玻璃墻的阻

擋。escape逃跑。

57.B這些擴散不出去的熱量就開始積聚起來，使溫度升高。build

up增進；加強。

58.D到了晚上，這些熱量會悄悄地跑出去，而這是不可見的。

invisibly看不見地；看不出地。

59.C到了晚上，這些熱量會從門窗的縫隙擴散出去。

60.C這些熱量除了擴散出去，還會被建筑當中的各種設(shè)施吸收。

establishment設(shè)施；建立的東西。

Ⅳ.Readingcomprehension(30%)

Directions:Thereare6readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageis

followedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemthere

arefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice

andmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingleline

throughthecentre.

PassageOne

Amongthemostspectacularvisionsintheskyistheglowingtrailofa

balloffrozengasescommonlyknownascomet.Cometsarecomprisedof

water,ammonia,methane,andcarbondioxideandareheldtogetherbysmall

fragmentsofrockandmetallicmaterials.Theyarecreatedinouterspace,

beyondthereachesofoursolarsystem.Theyareseenfairlyinfrequentlybut

arenonethelessplentiful-inwhattimeperiod.

Cometsappearsmallbutareinfactenormous.Somearelargerthanthe

sun,butmostareapproximatelythesizeofJupiter.Manycometsfollow

elongatedorbitsandarevisibleonlywhentheyarewithinSaturn’sorbit.As

cometstravelthroughthesolarsystemtowardthesun,solarenergyvaporizes

theirgases,producingablazinghead,calledthecoma.Somecometsalso

developatail,whichcanextendmillionsofmiles.Despitetheirlargescale,

cometsarebelievedtoweighrelativelylittleprobablylessthanone-billionth

theearth’smass.

Earlyastronomersfoundthatascometsorbitedthesun,atailwas

createdassolarenergyforcedthecoma’sparticlesout.Today’sscientists

haveconfirmedthesebeliefs,andhavefurtheridentifiedtwosolarforcesat

workinthecreationofacometstail,radiationpressureisresponsiblefor

pushingthedustparticlesawayfromthecoma,andsolarwindmovesthe

coma’sionizedgases.

Asthecomettravelsawayfromthesun,thetailbeginstodisappeardue

tocondensationofthegases.Oncethesegasesarcseparatedfromthecornet,

theyarelostforever.Asaresult,mostcometssurviveonly100timesclose

orbitsofthesun.Whenallthecomet’sgaseshavebeenreleased,allthatis

leftofthecometisabundleofstoneandmetalparticles,whichcontinuesto

orbitwithoutacomaortail.

PerhapsthemostfamouscometisHalley’scomet,whichappearsonce

every76years.TheChinesehaverecordedallofHalley’sappearancessince

240B.C.thecomets1910sightingwasremarkableforitsclearvisibility;it

couldbeseenindaylight,andwasobservedtohavedevelopedatailnearly

onemillionmileslong.The1986appearanceofHalleyscometwas

disappointingbecauseitwasextremelydifficulttoseefromtheNorthern

hemisphere.However,Halley’snextsightingisexpectedtobespectacularin

theyear2062.

61.Theauthorwillprobablyagreetowhichofthefollowing

statements?

A.Cometsarenotoftenseenbecausethereareonlyafewinthespace.

B.Thecomponentsofacometcomefromtheparticlesofthesolar

system.

C.NotallofthecometscanbeobservednearSaturn’sorbit.

D.Mostofthecometsareseenonceevery76years.

62.Thecomet’scomaisdevelopedwhen_____.

A.thecometisbetweenJupiterandSaturn

B.thecomet’sorbittravelsthroughthesolarsystem

C.thecomet’sgasesaresteamedintovapor

D.thecometisintheSaturn’sorbit

63.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthecreationofthetailof

thecomet?

A.Thetailiscreatedoutofthecoma’sparticles.

B.Oneconditionofthecreationofthetailisthecometorbitsthesun.

C.Thecometmusttraveltowardsthesun.

D.Thefunctioningsolarforceincreatingthetailisgravitation.

64.Whenthecomethasfinisheditstravelthroughthesolarsystem,

_____.

A.itwillnevercomebackagain

B.itwillnotbecalledacomet

C.itscomaandtailwillbelost

D.allthatisleftwillbecomeameteor

65.Itcanbesuggestedthat_____.

A.theappearanceofHalley’scometcanonlybeobservedinoneplace

B.peoplemustobservecometsonlyatnight

C.observingHalley’scomethadlonginterestedtheChinese

astronomers

D.theappearanceofacometisalwayssatisfactory

【答案與解析】

61.C文章第二段第三句提到“Manycometsfollowelongatedorbits

andarevisibleonlywhentheyarewithinSaturn’sorbit.”可知，許多彗星只

有在土星軌道內(nèi)運轉(zhuǎn)時，才會被看到，但并不是指所有的彗星都能被看

到，而且在土星軌道附近并沒有明確表示在軌道內(nèi)，因此可能不會被看

到。

62.B文章第二段提到“Ascometstravelthroughthesolarsystem

towardthesun,solarenergyvaporizestheirgases,producingablazinghead,

calledthecoma.”可知，只有當彗星在太陽系內(nèi)運動時，才會產(chǎn)生彗發(fā)。

63.D文章第三段提到“Today’sscientistshaveconfirmedthese

beliefs,andhavefurtheridentifiedtwosolarforcesatworkinthecreationof

acometstail,radiationpressureisresponsibleforpushingthedustparticles

awayfromthecoma,andsolarwindmovesthecoma’sionizedgases.”可

知，太陽能的力量主要是兩個：一個是輻射壓力，一個是太陽風，并不

是萬有引力。

64.C文章第四段提到“Asthecomettravelsawayfromthesun,the

tailbeginstodisappearduetocondensationofthegases.”可知，當彗星開始

遠離太陽時，彗星尾會開始消失。

65.C文章最后一段提到“TheChinesehaverecordedallofHalley’s

appearancessince240B.C.”可知，中國天文學家對于觀察彗星一直以來

都有極大的興趣。

PassageTwo

Whatdocats’eyesandhighwayreflectorsignshaveincommon?They

bothactsasretro-reflectors.

Almosteveryonehasnoticedtheeerie,frighteningappearanceof

animalsatnight,astheireyesseemtoglowinreflectedlight.Onemay

speculatethatjustasreflectivehighwaysignsalertthemotoristtomanyroad

hazards,soearlymanwasoftenwarnedofdangerbylightfromhiscampfire

reflectedintheeyesoflurkingpredators.Inbothcases,thelightisretro-

reflected,givingitaparticularlybrightappearance.

Theprinciplesofretro-reflectionhavebeenunderstoodforcenturies.

However,ithasonlybeenwithinthelastsixtyorseventyyears,withthe

widespreaduseoftheautomobile,thatthisareaofopticshasreceived

importantcommercialapplication.Today,therearemanyusesforretro-

reflectivematerials.Theyarepurchasedinverylargequantitiesby

governmentagenciesforuseonhighways.Theyareappliedtobicyclesand

motorvehiclestomakethemmorevisibleatnight.Andtheyassistpilotsby

improvingthevisibilityofrunwaymarkers.

Someusersforretro-reflectivematerialsarenotrelatedtosafety.For

example,thesematerialsplayakeyroleinhelpingrailroadslocateandmake

maximumuseoftheirrollingstock.Color-codedretro-reflectivenumerals,

strips,ordotsappliedtothesideofrailwayscarsidentifythecarsbytheir

individualinventorynumbersandbytheparticulartypeofcar.Optical

scanners“read”andrecordthisinformationasthetrainpassesby,thus

makingitpossibleforrailroadmanagementtolocateanindividualcarorto

determinethedistributionofboxcarsthroughouttherailnet-work.

Largesumsarespentonretro-reflectivematerials,butpurchasershave

oftenhadtroubledecidingwhichspecificmaterialswillgivetheoptimal

performance.Performanceisofconcernnotonlyfromthestandpointofthe

brightnessofreflectedlight,butalsofromthestandpointofitscolor.Itis

important,forexample,thattheyellowhuesusedinwarningsignalsbeof

consistentcolorqualityonallroadsignssothedrivercanrelyoncolor,as

wellasshape,todiscernthesign’smeanings.

Sevencolors—silver,blue,yellow,red,green,brown,andorange—are

currentlyusedformarkingtheinterstatehighwaysystem.Since1971,the

NationalBureauofStandardshasbeenworkingtodevelopinstrumentaltest

methodsthatcouldbeusedtoevaluatetheperformanceofretro-reflective

materialsandaidinthepreparationofspecificationsfortheirpurchase.

66.Thisarticleismainlyabout_____.

A.technologyinphotoelectriccells

B.retro-reflectionandtropisminanimalsandinsects

C.naturalandman-maderetro-reflection

D.howtomanufactureretro-reflectivematerials

67.WhichcanNOTbeprovedbytheauthoraccordingtothe

descriptionoftheretro-reflection?

A.Retro-reflectivematerialsareusedmainlytoavoidtrafficaccidents.

B.Retro-reflectivematerialsareabundantlyusedintrafficand

transportation.

C.Theimportantvalueofretro-reflectionowestotheinventionof

motorvehicles.

D.Themoreadvancedscienceandtechnologyis,themorecanbe

learnedfromnature.

68.Thearticlesuggeststhat_____.

A.thegovernmentagenciesaredevelopinginexpensiveretro-reflectors

B.thegovernmentmanufacturesretro-reflectivedevices

C.thegovernmentbuysretro-reflectivematerialsinlargenumbers

D.thegovernmentagenciesexportlargequantitiesofretro-reflective

materials

69.Wecanconcludefromthisarticlethat_____.

A.retro-reflectivematerialscanbepurchasedatmosthardwarestores

B.retro-reflectivematerialsgiveofflightinthedark

C.retro-reflectivematerialswillbeusedupsoon

D.theuseofretro-reflectivematerialsisbecomingwiderandwider

70.Accordingtothepassage,adifficulttaskfacingtheNationalBureau

ofStandardsprobablyis_____.

A.howtoexaminethepropertiesoftheretro-reflectivematerials

B.howtobudgetforthepurchaseofthefollowingyear

C.howtointegratethewarningsignalsintooneconsistentcolor

D.howtodifferentiatethesignals’meanings

【答案與解析】

66.C文章主要講的是利用貓和其他一些動物的眼睛能反射光而發(fā)

明了一種應(yīng)用于交通中的后反射材料。

67.D文章主要講的是后反射材料如今被廣泛應(yīng)用于交通當中，并

不能推斷出科技越發(fā)達，從自然當中學到的越多。

68.C文章第三段提到“Theyarepurchasedinverylargequantitiesby

governmentagenciesforuseonhighways.”可知，政府大量購買了這種后

反射材料。

69.D文章第三段提到“However,ithasonlybeenwithinthelastsixty

orseventyyears,withthewidespreaduseoftheautomobile,thatthisareaof

opticshasreceivedimportantcommercialapplication.Today,therearemany

usesforretro-reflectivematerials.”可知，由于車輛的增多，這種后反射材

料應(yīng)用越來越廣。

70.A文章第五段提到“Largesumsarespentonretro-reflective

materials,butpurchasershaveoftenhadtroubledecidingwhichspecific

materialswillgivetheoptimalperformance.Performanceisofconcernnot

onlyfromthestandpointofthebrightnessofreflectedlight,butalsofromthe

standpointofitscolor.”可知，美國國家標準局面臨的難題是如何檢驗這

種材料的性能，從而達到最佳效果。

PassageThree

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandfor

luxurygoodsandservicesthattookplaceineighteenth-centuryEngland.

McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm’sremarkablesuccessin

marketingluxurypottery;Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationof

provincialtheater,musicalfestivals,andchildren’stoysandbooks.Whilethe

factofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestions

remain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatwere

theeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughit

hasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproduced

whatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,

onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswill

provideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhow

largethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscalethe

consumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislast

question,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoring

laboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,has

probablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsof

capitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeoplein

eighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brew