華南理工大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2011年華南理工大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2012年華南理工大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2013年華南理工大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2014年華南理工大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2015年華南理工大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2016年華南理工大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2017年華南理工大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2018年華南理工大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2011年華南理工大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院

211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

PartⅠ.VocabularyandGrammar(30points,1pointforeach)

Directions:AftereachstatementtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,and

D.Choosetheonlyonechoicethatbestcompletesthestatement.Writeyour

answersonyourANSWERSHEET.

1.Pleaseexplainyourstatement.Ihaveno_____whatyouaretalkingabout.

A.contemplation

B.norm

C.notion

D.imagination

【答案】C

【解析】句意：請(qǐng)解釋一下你的聲明。我不明白你在說些什么。

contemplation沉思。norm標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。notion概念。imagination想象。因此，本

題的正確答案選C。

2.OnAugust18ththepresidentannouncedageneral_____forpolitical

exiles.

A.yoga

B.ado

C.quartet

D.amnesty

【答案】D

【解析】句意：8月18日，總統(tǒng)對(duì)政治流亡者頒布了一條特赦令。yoga瑜

伽。ado忙亂。quartet四重唱。amnesty大赦。因此，本題的正確答案選

D。

3.Whentwostraightlinesmeet,_____anangle.

A.formed

B.itisformed

C.theyform

D.toform

【答案】C

【解析】句意：兩條直線相交，就形成了一個(gè)夾角。該句中主句缺少主

語與謂語動(dòng)詞，由從句可知，主語是指twostraightlines，則主語用

they，form用復(fù)數(shù)形式。因此，本題的正確答案選C。

4.Itisnot_____muchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthenovel

difficulttounderstand.

A.that

B.that

C.so

D.very

【答案】C

【解析】句意：與其說語言不通，不如說是背景造成這部小說難以理

解。notsomuchAasB為固定短語，意為“與其說是A，不如說是B”。因

此，本題的正確答案選C。

5.Themachinegotsomewhateroded,butthisoilwill_____itwell.

A.extinct

B.decorate

C.illuminate

D.lubricate

【答案】D

【解析】句意：這個(gè)機(jī)器有點(diǎn)勞損，但是這種油有很好的潤滑效果。

extinct滅絕的。decorate裝飾。illuminate照亮。lubricate潤滑。因此，本

題的正確答案選D。

6.Thedigestiveenzymepepsinbreaksdownproteinsintocomponents_____

readilyabsorbedbythehumanbody.

A.thatcanbe

B.andare

C.whichthey

D.aretobe

【答案】A

【解析】句意：胃蛋白消化酶能分解蛋白質(zhì)，以便人體很快吸收。這里

括號(hào)內(nèi)的單詞為先行詞，引導(dǎo)的后面的句子為定語從句，用來修飾前面

的components，又因?yàn)椤氨蝗梭w吸收”是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因此，本題的正確答

案選A。

7._____theprecisequalitiesoftheheroinliteraryworksmayvaryover

time,thebasicexemplaryfunctionoftheheroseemstoremainconstant.

A.Whatever

B.Eventhough

C.Inspiteof

D.Regardless

【答案】B

【解析】句意：盡管隨著時(shí)間的推移，文學(xué)作品中的英雄本色有所改

變，但是其所起的模范作用恒久不變。whatever無論怎樣。eventhough

即使。inspiteofsth.盡管。regardless(ofsth.)盡管。因此，本題的正確答

案選B。

8.Thebabymonkey_____toitsmotherallday.

A.held

B.grasped

C.clung

D.stuck

【答案】C

【解析】句意：這只小猴子整天緊偎在母親身邊。hold拿著。grasp抓

著。clingto緊偎，挨著。stickto堅(jiān)持，粘著。其中stick指一個(gè)人或一個(gè)

物體依附于另一個(gè)，也指互相依存，而cling一般指依附另一個(gè)人或另一

物體，暗示必須受到支持、支撐。因此，本題的正確答案選C。

9._____atinthisway,thesituationdoesnotseemsodesperate.

A.Looked

B.Looking

C.Tolook

D.Beinglooked

【答案】A

【解析】句意：這樣看來，情況并沒有那么讓人絕望。句子主語是the

situation，則look與主語之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因?yàn)楫?dāng)過去分詞作

伴隨狀語時(shí)，前面的be動(dòng)詞可以省略，則D選項(xiàng)排除。因此，本題的正

確答案選A。

10.Becausecaricaturetendstoemphasizethepeculiaritiesofasubject,

_____aneffectivevehicleforpictorialsatire.

A.whichisoften

B.andoftenseenas

C.itisoften

D.manyofwhichare

【答案】C

【解析】句意：由于漫畫著重強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)物體的特點(diǎn)，因此它常常是用于

圖片諷刺的有效工具。because引導(dǎo)的是從句，后句是主句，因此只有C

選項(xiàng)可以構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的句子。因此，本題的正確答案選C。

11.ItisabsolutelyessentialthatMary_____herstudyinspiteofsome

leaningdifficulties.

A.willcontinue

B.continued

C.continue

D.continues

【答案】C

【解析】句意：盡管困難重重，但瑪麗繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)仍是非常重要的。Itis

essentialthatsb.(should)dosth.從句中應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣。因此，本題的正

確答案選C。

12.Please_____thestaffthattheinspectorswillbehereonMondayandlet

themmakegoodpreparations.

A.modify

B.ratify

C.rectify

D.notify

【答案】D

【解析】句意：檢察人員將于周一到達(dá)，請(qǐng)通知全體員工做好準(zhǔn)備。

modify修改。ratify批準(zhǔn)。rectify改正。notify通知。因此，本題的正確答

案選D。

13.Themeetingtookonadifferent_____afterhismovingspeech.

A.presage

B.posture

C.travesty

D.trauma

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在他激動(dòng)人心的演講之后，會(huì)議上出現(xiàn)了不同的立場。

presage預(yù)示。posture立場。travesty歪曲，曲解。trauma心靈創(chuàng)傷。因

此，本題的正確答案選B。

14.Inthenineteenthcentury,SamuelGridleyHowefoundedthePerkins

Schoolfortheblind,_____forchildreninBoston,Massachusetts.

A.thatinstitutes

B.whileinstituted

C.wasaninstitution

D.aninstitute

【答案】D

【解析】句意：19世紀(jì)，塞穆爾·格里德利·豪爾建立了帕金斯盲童學(xué)校。

這所學(xué)校位于馬薩諸塞州的波士頓。括號(hào)內(nèi)引導(dǎo)的句子是thePerkins

Schoolfortheblind的同位語從句，用于對(duì)其作進(jìn)一步的解釋說明，不作

主句中的成分。因此，本題的正確答案選D。

15.Peopleinprehistorictimescreatedpaintsbygrindingmaterialssuchas

plantsandclayintopowder_____.

A.watertobeadded

B.foraddingwaterthen

C.andwateradded

D.andthenaddingwater

【答案】D

【解析】句意：史前人類將植物、粘土等磨成粉末并添加水制成顏料。

addingwater與grindingmaterials是by后面的并列動(dòng)詞。andthen于是，然

后。因此，本題的正確答案選D。

16.Whileshehadthefever,she______forhours.

A.raved

B.sniggered

C.perforated

D.tittered

【答案】A

【解析】句意：她發(fā)燒時(shí)，胡言亂語了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。rave胡言亂語。

snigger竊笑。perforate穿孔于……。titter傻笑。因此，本題的正確答案

選A。

17.SeeingtheGeneralcominghisway,thesoldierstoppedandgavehima

smart_____.

A.toast

B.salute

C.tribute

D.solution

【答案】B

【解析】句意：看見將軍朝他走過來，士兵停下來敬了一個(gè)漂亮的軍

禮。toast敬酒。salute敬禮。tribute哀悼。solution解決方法。因此，本題

的正確答案選B。

18.Oftenveryannoyingweeds,_____andactashoststomanyinsectpests.

A.thatcrowdoutlesshardyplantsthangoldenrods

B.crowdingoutlesshardyplantsbygoldenrods

C.thegoldenrodscrowdingoutoflesshardyplants

D.goldenrodscrowdoutlesshardyplants

【答案】D

【解析】句意：麒麟草會(huì)排擠其他植物并給害蟲提供生長環(huán)境，通常十

分惹人討厭。劃線處所在句子為主句，主句缺少主語。因此，本題的正

確答案選D。

19.Ifyouspillhotliquidonyourskinitwill_____you.

A.scale

B.scald

C.shun

D.shunt

【答案】B

【解析】句意：熱水撒到皮膚上會(huì)燙傷。scale衡量。scald燙傷。shun避

開。shunt使分流。因此，本題的正確答案選B。

20.Startingaround7000B.C.,andforthenextfourthousandyears,muchof

theNorthernHemisphere_____temperatureswarmerthanatpresent.

A.withexperienceof

B.experienced

C.experiencing

D.experience

【答案】B

【解析】句意：從公元前7000年開始，在接下來的四千年中，北半球大

部分地區(qū)經(jīng)歷的溫度比現(xiàn)在要高。從語境上分析可知，括號(hào)內(nèi)所填單詞

為主句謂語動(dòng)詞，且時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)。因此本題的正確答案選B。

21.Didyougetany_____whenyouaredismissedfromyourjob?

A.fund

B.loan

C.bonus

D.compensation

【答案】D

【解析】句意：你失業(yè)時(shí)有沒有拿到補(bǔ)償金？fund基金。loan貸款。

bonus獎(jiǎng)金。compensation補(bǔ)償金。因此，本題的正確答案選D。

22.Whenyouaresufferingfrom_____youhaveredspotsonyourskinand

youfeelasifyouhaveacold.

A.apathy

B.schizophrenia

C.impotence

D.measles

【答案】D

【解析】句意：得了麻疹的感覺跟感冒一樣，而且皮膚上會(huì)長小紅點(diǎn)。

apathy漠然，冷淡。schizophrenia精神分裂癥。impotence陽痿。measles

麻疹。因此，本題的正確答案選D。

23.Hewas_____onthetelephonesoIaskedhimtospeakmoreclearly.

A.muttering

B.grumbling

C.groping

D.shuddering

【答案】A

【解析】句意：他在電話里輕聲低語，所以我讓他說清楚一點(diǎn)。mutter輕

聲低語，喃喃自語。grumble抱怨，嘟囔。grope摸索，探索。shudder發(fā)

抖，戰(zhàn)栗。因此，本文的正確答案選A。

24.Now,withthe_____andpopularityofthehomecomputer,itsadvantages

anddisadvantageshavebeenasubjectofdiscussion.

A.adventure

B.advance

C.advent

D.adult

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如今，隨著家庭電腦的出現(xiàn)和普及，它的利弊已成為了

人們討論的主題。adventure冒險(xiǎn)。advance發(fā)展。advent出現(xiàn)。adult成年

人。因此，本題的正確答案選C。

25.They_____evidenceandthreatenedwitnessesnottotellthetruthto

anyoneelse.

A.produced

B.fabricated

C.created

D.manipulated

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他們偽造了證據(jù)，并恐嚇目擊者，不許他向任何人講實(shí)

話。produce生產(chǎn)。fabricate偽造。create創(chuàng)造。manipulate操縱。因此，

本題的正確答案選B。

26.Isthereanypossible_____explanationforhisbadhealthsinceheseems

tohavenoobviousdisease?

A.psychiatric

B.psychological

C.surgical

D.physical

【答案】B

【解析】句意：因?yàn)樗雌饋頉]有明顯的疾病，能否從心理學(xué)的角度解

釋他的健康問題？psychiatric精神病學(xué)的。psychological心理學(xué)的。

surgical外科的。physical身體的。因此，本題的正確答案選B。

27.Manyanimalsdisplay_____instinctsonlywhiletheiroffspringare

youngandhelpless.

A.cerebral

B.imperious

C.rueful

D.maternal

【答案】D

【解析】句意：許多動(dòng)物只會(huì)在他們孩子年幼無助時(shí)才會(huì)顯現(xiàn)出他們的

母性。cerebral重理智的。imperious專橫的。rueful悲傷的。maternal母性

的。因此，本題的正確答案選D。

28._____thebadweatherhasdelayedtheflight,soitwouldbeseveralhours

beforetheycouldarrive.

A.Presumably

B.Respectively

C.Imaginably

D.Plausibly

【答案】A

【解析】句意：大概因?yàn)閻毫拥奶鞖庵率癸w機(jī)晚點(diǎn)，因此還有幾個(gè)小時(shí)

他們才能抵達(dá)。presumably大概。respectively分別地。imaginably可想象

地。plausibly似真地。因此，本題的正確答案選A。

29.Theysendinformationeveryweek,_____whetheritisusefulornot.

A.inconsiderationof

B.irrespectiveof

C.withtheexceptionof

D.withregardto

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他們每星期都發(fā)來信息，不管那些信息有沒有用。in

considerationof考慮到。irrespectiveof不管。withtheexceptionof除

了……以外。withregardto關(guān)于。因此，本題的正確答案選B。

30.Childrenofpoorhealtharevery_____tocoldsinwinterandshouldbe

takencareofparticularly.

A.willing

B.ready

C.reluctant

D.prone

【答案】D

【解析】句意：身體差的孩子在冬天很容易就感冒，他們需要得到特別

的關(guān)照。bewillingto樂意做……。bereadyto準(zhǔn)備做……。bereluctant

to不情愿做……。beproneto易于……。因此，本題的正確答案選D。

PartⅡ.ReadingComprehension(50points)

Section1Multiplechoicequestions(30points,3pointsforeach)

Directions:Inthissectionthereare2readingpassagesfollowedbymultiple-

choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenwriteyouranswersonyour

ANSWERSHEET.

Passage1

Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnot

surprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschool

experience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninall

areasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdid

badlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMacArthurPrizefellows,

winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgood

thingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplaced

inadvancedprograms.

Anecdotalreportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,

OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.Sodid

WinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.

AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodulla

boy.”O(jiān)ftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,

andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,or

unmotivated.

Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheir

giftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.But

mostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausethey

foundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribed

thelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“BecauseIhadfounditdifficult

toattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficultto

teach.”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrong-willed

nonconformists.Nonconformityandstubbornness(andYeatslevelof

arroganceandself-absorption)arelikelytoleadtoConflictswithteachers.

Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportantto

thedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheir

familiesthantheirschoolsorteachers.AwritingprodigystudiedbyDavid

FeldmanandLynnGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhis

journalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildren,inAustralia

studiedbyMiracaGrosshadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamilies

thantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjamin

Bloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschooland

tookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.

31.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat_____.

A.theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamily

backgrounds

B.theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudents

C.theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudentsability

D.theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossible

32.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmithsteachers

_____.

A.toprovidesupportforhisargument

B.toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildren

C.toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessful

D.toshowhowpoorOliver’s’performancewasatschool

33.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho_____.

A.paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclass

B.contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooften

C.couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfully

D.behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachers

34.Accordingtothepassageauthor,thedevelopmentofhighlygifted

studentsisattributed_____.

A.mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathome

B.bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparentscoaching

C.moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltraining

D.lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalent

35.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheir

schoolyearsisthat_____.

A.theirnonconformitybroughtthemalotoftrouble

B.theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachers

C.schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethem

D.teacherswereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparents

【答案與解析】

31.B作者在文中表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是，天才學(xué)生經(jīng)常覺得他們比老師知道的

多，以及學(xué)校的功課沒有挑戰(zhàn)性。他們不循規(guī)蹈矩，而且很容易與老師

發(fā)生沖突。由此推測，學(xué)校通常不能滿足天才學(xué)生的需要。故選B。

32.A推斷題。由第一段以及第二段的第一句可知，作者引用名人軼事

證明許多有成就的人對(duì)學(xué)校經(jīng)歷評(píng)價(jià)不高。因此，作者在文中第二段提

及OliverGoldsmiths的名言是為了證明自己的觀點(diǎn)。故選A。

33.C事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第三段的第一、二句話可知，畢加索屬于第一句

話中所提到的，在學(xué)校里表現(xiàn)不好、天賦不是學(xué)術(shù)方面的天才。也就是

說，畢加索不能很好地適應(yīng)學(xué)校的學(xué)習(xí)。故選C。

34.A事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第四段的第一句話可知，天才學(xué)生認(rèn)為相較于學(xué)

校教育而言，他們?cè)诩宜艿降慕逃龑?duì)他們能力的發(fā)展更加重要。故選

A。

35.C全文主旨題。結(jié)合語篇分析和前面幾道題可知，天才學(xué)生與學(xué)校

之間錨段的焦點(diǎn)不在老師，而在于學(xué)校沒能滿足天才學(xué)生的需求，不能

引起他們的興趣。也就是說，學(xué)校不能給他們靈感，不能激勵(lì)他們。故

選C。

Passage2

ItcameassomethingofasurprisewhenDiana,PrincessofWales,madea

triptoAngolain1997,tosupporttheRedCross’scampaignforatotalban

onallanti-personnellandmines.WithinhoursofarrivinginAngola,

televisionscreensaroundtheworldwerefilledwithimagesofhercomforting

victimsinjuredinexplosionscausedbylandmines.“Iknewthestatistics,”

shesaid.“Butputtingafacetothosefiguresbroughttherealityhometome;

likewhenImetSandra,a13-year-oldgirlwhohadlostherleg,andpeople

likeher.”

ThePrincessconcludedwithasimplemessage:“Wemuststoplandmines”.

Andsheusedeveryopportunityduringhervisittorepeatthismessage.But,

backinLondon,herviewswerenotsharedbysomemembersoftheBritish

government,whichrefusedtosupportabanontheseweapons.Angry

politicianslaunchedanattackonthePrincessinthepress.Theydescribedher

as“veryill-informed”anda“l(fā)oosecannon”.ThePrincessrespondedby

brushingasidetheCriticisms:“Thisisadistractionwedonotneed.AllI’m

tryingtodoishelp.”O(jiān)ppositionparties,themediaandthepublic

immediatelyvoicedtheirsupportforthePrincess.Tomakemattersworsefor

thegovernment,itsoonemergedthatthePrincess’striphadbeenapproved

bytheForeignOffice,andthatshewasinfactverywell-informedaboutboth

thesituationinAngolaandtheBritishgovernment’spolicyregarding

landmines.

Theresultwasasevereembarrassmentforthegovernment.Totryandlimit

thedamage,theForeignSecretary,MalcolmRifkidnd,claimedthatthe

Princess’sviewsonlandmineswerenotverydifferentfromgovernment

policy,andthatitwas“workingtowards”aworldwideban.TheDefence

Secretary,MichaelPortillo,claimedthematterwas“amisinterpretationor

misunderstanding.”—ForthePrincess,thetriptothiswar-torncountrywas

anexcellentopportunitytouseherpopularitytoshowtheworldhowmuch

destructionandsufferinglandminescancause.Shesaidthattheexperience

hadalsogivenherthechancetogetclosertopeopleandtheirproblems.

36.PrincessDianapaidavisittoAngolain1997_____.

A.toclarifytheBritishgovernment’sstandonlandmines

B.toestablishherimageasafriendoflandminevictims

C.toinvestigatethesufferingsoflandminevictimsthere

D.tovoicehersupportforatotalbanoflandmines

37.WhatdidDianameanwhenshesaid“...puttingafacetothosefigures

broughttherealityhometome”(Paragraph1)?

A.Meetingthelandminevictimsinpersonmadeherbelievethestatistics.

B.Shejustcouldn’tbeartomeetthelandminevictimsfacetoface.

C.TheactualsituationinAngolamadeherfeellikegoingbackhome.

D.Seeingthepainofthevictimsmadeherrealizetheseriousnessofthe

situation.

38.SomemembersoftheBritishgovernmentcriticizedDianabecause

_____.

A.shehadnotconsultedthegovernmentbeforethevisit

B.shewasill-informedofthegovernment’spolicy

C.theywereactuallyopposedtobanninglandmines

D.theybelievedthatshehadmisinterpretedthesituationinAngola

39.HowdidDianarespondtothecriticisms?

A.Shemademore:appearancesonTV.

B.Shepaidnoattentiontothem.

C.Sherosetoarguewithheropponents.

D.Shemetthe13-year-oldgirlasplanned.

40.WhatdidPrincessDianathinkofhervisittoAngola?

A.IthadcausedembarrassmenttotheBritishgovernment.

B.Ithadgreatlypromotedherpopularity.

C.Ithadbroughtherclosertotheordinarypeople.

D.IthadaffectedherrelationswiththeBritishgovernment.

【答案與解析】

36.D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段第一句話可知，戴安娜王妃是去支持禁止

地雷的運(yùn)動(dòng)的。故選D。

37.D語義理解題。由第一段最后一句話可知，盡管戴安娜王妃早就從

數(shù)據(jù)上知道了因地雷傷亡的人數(shù)，但是當(dāng)她親眼見到了人們的情況后，

她才真正地感受到了現(xiàn)實(shí)的殘酷。故選D。

38.C語義推斷題。由文章的第二段的第三句話可知，戴安娜王妃的言

論被議會(huì)一些成員所反對(duì)，也因此他們指責(zé)戴安娜王妃“veryill-

formed”。故選C。

39.B語義推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“criticism”，可以定位到文章的第二段的

中間部分“ThePrincessrespondedbybrushingasidetheCriticisms”，其

中“brushingaside”意為“漠視、忽視”。故選B。

40.C事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由最后一段的最后一句話可知，戴安娜王妃認(rèn)為這

次安哥拉之行使她能夠有機(jī)會(huì)接近人們以及了解他們的困難。故選C。

Section2Answeringquestions(20points,4pointsforeach)

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandtheanswerINCOMPLETE

SENTENCESthequestionsfollowingeachpassage.Useonlyinformation

fromthepassageyouhavereadandwriteyouranswerinthecorresponding

spaceinyourANSWERSHEET.

Passage3

AttheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,psychologyprofessorBella

DePaulogot77studentsand70townspeopletovolunteerforanunusual

project.Allkeptdiariesforaweek,recordingthenumbersanddetailsofthe

liestheytold.

OnestudentandsixCharlottesvilleresidentsprofessedtohavetoldno

falsehoods.Theother140participantstold1,535.

Theliesweremostoftennotwhatmostofuswouldcallearth-shattering.

Someonewouldpretendtobemorepositiveorsupportiveofaspouseor

friendthanheorshereallywas,orfeignagreementwitharelative’sopinion.

AccordingtoDePaulo,womenintheirinteractionswithotherwomenlied

mostlytosparetheother’sfeelings.Menliedtoothermengenerallyforself-

promotingreasons.

Moststrikingly,thesetellers-of-a-thousand-liesreportedthattheirdeceptions

causedthem“l(fā)ittlepreoccupationorregret”.Mightthat,too,bealie?

Perhaps.Butthereisevidencethatthisattitudetowardcasualuseof

prevaricationiscommon.

Forexample,20,000middle-and-high-schoolersweresurveyedbythe

JosephsonInstituteofEthics—anonprofitorganizationinMarinadeRey,

Calif.,devotedtocharactereducation.Ninety-twopercentoftheteenagers

admittedhavingliedtotheirparentsinthepreviousyear,and73percent

characterizedthemselvesas“serialliars”,meaningtheytoldliesweekly.

Despitetheseadmissions,91percentofallrespondentssaidtheywere

“satisfiedwithmyownethicsandcharacter”.

Thinkhowoftenweheartheexpression“I’llcallyou”or“Thecheckisinthe

mail”or“I’msorry,buthesteppedout”.Andthenthereareprofessions—

lawyers,pundits,PRconsultants—whosemembersseemtospecializein

shapingorspinningthetruthtosuitclients’needs.

Littlewhitelieshavebecomeubiquitous,andthereasonwegiveeachother

fortellingfibsarefamiliar.Consider,forexample,aSouthernCalifornia

corporateexecutivewhomI’llcallTom.Hegoeswithhiswifeandsontohis

mother-in-law’shomeforThanksgivingdinnereveryyear.Tomdislikesher

“special”pumpkinpieintensely.Invariablyhetellsherhowwonderfulitis,

toavoidhurtingherfeelings.

“What’swrongwiththat?”TomaskedMichaelJosephson,presidentofthe

JosephsonInstitute.It’saquestionwemightallask.

JosephsonrepliedbyaskingTomtoconsidertheliefromhismother-in-law’s

pointofview.SupposethatonedayTom’schildblurtsoutthetruth,andshe

discoversthedeceit.Willshetellherson-in-law,“Thankyouforcaringso

much?”O(jiān)risshemorelikelytofeelhurtandsay,“Howcouldyouhave

misledmealltheseyears?”

AndwhatmightTom’smother-in-lawnowsuspectaboutherowndaughter?

AndwillTom’sboylietohisparentsandyetbesatisfiedwithhisown

character?

Howoftendowecomplimentpeopleonhowwelltheylook,orexpressour

appreciationforgifts,whenwedon’treallymeanit?Surely,these“nicelies”

areharmlessandwellintended,anecessarysociallubricant.But,likeTom,

weshouldrememberthewordsofEnglishnovelistSirWalterScot,who

wrote,“Whatatangledwebweweave,whenfirstwepracticetodeceive.”

Evenseeminglyharmlessfalsehoodscanhaveunforeseenconsequences.

PhilosopherSisselaBokwarnsusthattheycanputusonaslipperyslope.

“Afterthefirstlies,otherscancomemoreeasily,”shewroteinherbook

Lying:MoralChoiceinPublicandPrivateLife.“Psychologicalbarrierswear

down;theabilitytomakemoredistinctionscancoarsen;theliar’sperception

ofhischancesofbeingcaughtmaywarp.”

Takethepumpkin-pielies.Inthefirstplace,itwasn’tjustthathewantedhis

mother-in-lawtofeelgood.Whetherherealizeditornot,hereallywanted

hertothinkhighlyofhim.Andaftertheinitialdeceitheneededtotellmore

liestocoverupthefirstone.

Whobelievesitanymorewhenthey’retoldthatthepersontheywanttoreach

byphoneis“inameeting”?Byitself,thatkindoflieisofnogreat

consequence.Still,theendlessproliferationoftheselittleprevaricationsdoes

matter.

Oncethey’vebecomecommonenough,eventhesmalluntruththatarenot

meanttohurtencourageacertaincynicismandlossoftrust.“when(trust)is

damaged,”warnsBok,“thecommunityasawholesuffers;andwhenitis

destroyed,societiesfalterandcollapse.”

Areallwhiteliestobeavoidedatallcosts?Notnecessarily.Themost

understandableandforgivableliesareanexchangeofwhatethicistsreferto

astheprincipleofcaring,“l(fā)iketellingchildrenaboutthetoothfairy,or

deceivingsomeonetosetthemupforasurpriseparty,”Josephsonsays.

“Still,wemustaskourselvesifwearewillingtogiveourfriendsand

associatestheauthoritytolietouswhenevertheythinkitisforourown

good.”

Josephsonsuggestsasimpletest.Ifsomeoneyoulietofindsoutthetruth,

willhethankyouforcaring?Orwillhefeelhislong-termtrustinyouhas

beenundermined?

Andifyou’renotsure,MarkTwainhasgivenusagoodruleofthumb.

“Whenindoubt,tellthetruth.Itwillconfoundyourenemiesandastound

yourfriends.”

41.Identifyother4correspondingsynonymsornear-synonymsfortheword

“l(fā)ie”inthepassage.

42.PleasecommentonMarkTwain’sruleofthumb:“Whenindoubt,tellthe

truth.Itwillconfoundyourenemiesandastoundyourfriends.”

【答案與解析】

41.Thefourcorrespondingsynonymsornear-synonymsarefalsehood,

prevarications,fibanduntruth.

（falsehood“說謊，假話”；prevarication“搪塞，撒謊”；fib撒小謊”；

untruth“虛假，謊言”。）

42.Inmypart,thesayingfromMarkTwainreallymakessenseinthereal

life.Throughthepassage,tellingthelies,evenharmlessfalsehoods,could

causesomeunforeseenconsequences,whilelittlewhiteliescouldmakethe

relationshipsmoreharmonious.Thus,whenwe’renotsure,weshould

rememberthattheharmoniouscombinationofthesedifferentideasmaybe

thebestchoice.Undersuchcondition,tellingthetruthwouldbeabetterway

togetacloserrelationship.

（MarkTwain這句話的意思是“拿不定主意時(shí)，就實(shí)話實(shí)說。這樣會(huì)讓你

的敵人不知所措，讓你的朋友驚嘆不已”。）

Passage4

Onthewhole,booksarelesslimitedthanourselves.Oftentheysitonthe

shelvesabsorbingdustlongafterthewriterhasturnedintoahandfulofdust

—anditispreciselytheappetiteforthisposthumousdimensionthatsets

one’speninmotion.

Soaswetossandturntheserectangularobjectsinourhandswewon’tbe

terriblyamissifwesurmisethatwefondle,asitwere,theurnswithour

returningashes.Afterall,whatgoesintowritingabookis,ultimately,a

man’sonlylife.Whoeversaidthattophilosophizeisanexerciseindying

wasrightinmorewaysthanone,forbywritingabooknobodygetsyounger.

Nordoesonebecomeanyyoungerbyreadingone.Sincethisisso,our

naturalpreferenceshouldbeforgoodbooks.Theparadox,however,liesin

thefactthatinliterature“good”isdefinedbyitsdistinctionfrom“bad”.

What’smore,towriteagoodbook,awritermustreadagreatdealofpulp—

otherwisehewon’tbeabletodevelopthenecessarycriteria.That’swhatmay

constitutebadliterature’sbestdefenseattheLastJudgment.

Sinceweareallmoribund,andsincereadingbooksistime-consuming,we

mustdeviseasystemthatallowsusasemblanceofeconomy.Ofcourse,

thereisnodenyingthepleasureofholdingupwithafat,slow-moving,

mediocrenovel;butintheend,wereadnotforreading’ssakebuttolearn.

Hencetheneedfortheworksthatbringthehumanpredicamentintoits

sharpestpossiblefocus.Hence,too,theneedforsomecompassintheocean

ofavailableprintedmatter.

Theroleofthatcompass,ofcourse,isplayedbyliterarycriticism,by

reviewers.Alas,itsneedleoscillateswildly.Whatisnorthforsomeissouth

forothers.Thetroublewitharevieweristhreefold:(a)hecanbeahack,and

asignorantasourselves;(b)hecanhavestrongpredilectionsforacertain

kindofwritingorsimplybeonthetakewiththepublishingindustry;and(c)

ifheisawriteroftalent,hewillturnhisreviewwritingintoanindependent

artform—GeorgeLuisBorgesisacaseinpoint—andyoumayendup

readingreviewsratherthanthebooks.

Inanycase,youfindyourselvesadriftintheocean,clingingtoaraftwhose

abilitytostayafloatyouarenotsosureof.Thealternative,therefore,would

betodevelopyourowntaste,tobuildyourowncompass,tofamiliarize

yourself,asitwere,withparticularstarsandconstellations—dimorbright

butalwaysremote.This,however,takesahellofalotoftimeandyoumay

easilyfindyourselfoldandgrey,headingfortheexitwithalousyvolume

underyourarm.

Sowhereisone’sterrafirma,eventhoughitmaybebutanuninhabitable

island?WhereisourgoodmanFriday?BeforeIcomeupwithmy

suggestion,I’dliketosayafewwordsaboutmyhumbleself—notbecauseof

mypersonalvanity,butbecauseIbelievethatthevalueofanideaisrelated

tothecontextinwhichitemerges.Indeed,hadIbeenapublisher,I’dbe

puttingonmybooks’coversnotonlytheirauthor’snamesbutalsotheexact

ageatwhichtheycomposedthisorthatwork,toenabletheirreadersto

decidewhethertheycaretoreckonwiththeviewscontainedinabook

writtenbyapersonsomuchyounger—orsomucholder—thanthemselves.

Thesourceofthesuggestiontocomebelongstothecategoryofpeoplefor

whomli