《IT職業(yè)英語》課件unit11 Non-finite verb非謂語動詞

一、非謂語動詞的種類非謂語動詞有三種：動詞不定式、分詞和動名詞二、動詞不定式1．動詞不定式的形式：一般形式是to+動詞原形2．動詞不定式的用法1)作主語Tolearncomputerscienceneedsourgreateffort.2)作表語Thefunctionofthemodemistolinkmorecomputers.3)作賓語LinusdecidedtodevelopasystemthatexceededtheMinixstandards.4)作賓語補足語Pageprintersuselasertoachievehigh-speedhard-copyoutput.5)作定語（動詞不定式作定語時放在被修飾的詞后面）Hehasnochancetopasstheexam.6)作狀語Tobuildyourowncomputer,youwouldneedtheseparts.3.動詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是：not+to+動詞原形LinusdecidednottodevelopasystemthatwouldexceedtheMinixstandards.4．動詞不定式的時態(tài)1) Sheseemstoknowabouttheproblem.(一般式表示不定式動作發(fā)生在謂語動作后)2) Thestaffpretendedtobeworking.(進(jìn)行式表示不定式動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生)3) Theclientsaidtohavearrivedhereby8:30.(完成式表示不定式動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前)5．動詞不定式的語態(tài)1) Heneedstorepairthelaserprinter.(主動)2) Thelaserprinterneedstoberepaired.(被動）6．特殊情況1) Theemployeehasnothingtodobutplay.(but前面有do時but后省略to)2) You’dbettergetthepermissionbeforeyouleave.(hadbetter后省略to,還有hadbest,wouldrather,wouldsooner…than…,can’tbut等后面的to省略)三、分詞1．分詞的種類、形式和特征2.分詞的用法1) 作表語

Thelap-topcomputerisworking.

Heisinterestedincomputergames.2) 作定語

Theclerkcaughtafallingcordlesskeyboard.Theclerkfoundthelostcordlesskeyboard.3) 作賓語補足語

Heheardthecomputermakinganoise.

Theynoticedtheirnotebookstouchedbysomedirtyhands.4) 作狀語

Enteringtheoffice,thebosswasshocked.

Shockedbytheshout,hedidn’tentertheoffice.3. 分詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)

分詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是：not+分詞

Notknowingwhattosay,hekeptsilent.

Nottoldwhattodo,hedidnothing.4．分詞的時態(tài)1)Hecametowork,bringinghisownnotebook.(同時)2)Havingfinishedhisworkathome,hecameearlierthanothers.(分詞動作在前)5．分詞的語態(tài)1)ThecustomerbeinginvitedisaVIP.(現(xiàn)在分詞被動形式表示動作正在進(jìn)行)2)Havingbeenrebuilt,thecomputerstartedworkingagain.(現(xiàn)在分詞被動形式表示動作已經(jīng)完成)6．特殊情況gone,come,fallen,risen,arrived,grown,returned,passed,changed等作表語時，帶有書面語色彩：Summerisgone.Theleavesarefallen.四、動名詞1．動名詞的形式：一般形式是：動詞+ing2．動名詞的用法1) 作主語

Playingcomputergamesisgreatfun.2) 作表語

Yourjobisdesigningcomputergames.3) 作賓語

Boysenjoyplayinginternetgames.4) 作定語

Makesomedancingactionsforthevirtualmodelplayers.3．動名詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是：not+動名詞Thegirlsregretnotlearningtoplaycomputergames.4．動名詞的時態(tài)1)Welikechattingonline.(同時)2)Iforgothavingmetthembefore.(分詞動作在前)5．動名詞的語態(tài)1) Theuserdoesn’tlikebeingaskedtokeyinpasswordsfortoomanytimes.(動名詞被動語態(tài)一般式表示動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生或在謂語動作之前發(fā)生)2) Thecustomerisdelightedtohavebeengivenaprizeafterhepurchasesthatcomputer.(動名詞的被動語態(tài)完成式表示動作在謂語動作之前發(fā)生)6．特殊情況在多數(shù)情況下都避免使用動名詞被動語態(tài)完成式，而是用一般式代替，以免句子顯得累贅，尤其在口語中。Irememberedoncebeingdriven(havingbeendriven)fromHarbintoChangchun.ExerciseFillinthegapswithanappropriateformoftheverbgiven:1. Iamacomputerseller.IgohomewhenIhavefinished__________mycomputers.(sell)2. After__________allthedoors,hewenthome.(check)3. Wesawakeyboard__________fromtheshelf.(fall)4. __________,s