現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可用與過去

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法結(jié)構(gòu)搭配用語辨析瞬間動(dòng)詞VS.

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞固定句型強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。2.過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常搭配一段時(shí)間,與for或since連用.Hehasjustleft.Hehasbeenherefortwoweeks.Wehavelivedheresince1998現(xiàn)代完成時(shí)含義肯定式sb.+have/has

done

+

sth.sb.have/hasnotdone+sth.Have/hassb.Done+sth.?Theyhavealreadyfinishedthework.Theyhaven’tfinishedtheworkyet.Havetheyfinishedtheworkyet?

否定式一般疑問句式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：句子結(jié)構(gòu)

(與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同)①一般動(dòng)詞,在詞尾直接加“ed”。

work---worked---worked

②以“e”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,只在詞尾加“d”。

live---lived---lived,

③以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,將“y”變?yōu)椤癷”,

再加“ed”。

study---studied---studied

④重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,

先雙寫該輔音字母,再加“ed”。

stop---stopped---stopped過去分詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞AAA型 cost-cost-cost

cut-cut-cutAAB型 beat-beat-beaten

ABA型 e

run-ran-runABB型 get-got-got make-made-madeABC型 write-wrote-written

take-took-taken

過去分詞：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)搭配的時(shí)間狀語already,yet,ever,never,just,before,once,twice,recently,sofar,thesedays,inthepast(last)threeyearsHaveyouevereatenfishandchips?I’vejustlostmysciencebook.Ihaven’tlearnedthewordyet.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthepastthreeyears.ever

atanytimeHaveyouevervisitedNewYork?never

notatanytimeYes,Ihave.

No,I’venevervisitedNewYork.

already用于肯定句(用于一般疑問句表示驚訝的語氣)Wegotthereat6:30butshehadalreadygone.Haveyoufinishedalready?yet用于否定和一般疑問句Hasitstoppedrainingyet?Just剛剛;用于不同句式HehasjustreturnedfromFrance.用“just/already/yet.”填空DoyouknowwhereJuliais?--Yes,I______________(justsee)her.2.WhattimeisDavidleaving?--He_____________(already/leave)3.What’sinthenewspapertoday?--Idon’tknow.I_______________(notreadyet)4.WhatdoesTimthinkofyourplan?--I__________________(not/tell/yet).5.IsAnncomingtothecinemawithus?--No,she_______________thefilm.(already/see)havejustseenhasalreadylefthaven’treadityethaven’ttoldhimyethasalreadyseen1._____you_____(hear)fromGeorgerecently?2.Lin__________(notmeet)thosepeople

inthelastfewdays.3.Everythingisgoingwell.They_____________(nothave)anyproblemssofar.4.I’mhungry.I___________(noteat)anything

sincebreakfast.5.It’snicetoseeyouagain.We___________(notsee)eachotherforalongtime.6.He_______thenoveltwiceinthelastfewdays.(read)Haveheard

hasn’tmethaven’thadhaven’teatenhaven’tseenhasread請(qǐng)改變動(dòng)詞形式，并注意副詞havebeento/havegoneto/havebeenin1.Thechildcan’tfindhismother.Hismother______________thesupermarket.2.We_________theGreatWalltwice.3.______youever________Japan?4.----MayIspeaktoDora?----She__________Canada.hasgonetohavebeentoHavebeentohasgonetoJakehasgonetoAmerica.去過…..WehavebeentotheSummerPalace.去….了WehavebeeninChinaforaboutayear.呆在某地(常加一段時(shí)間)RightorWrongIhaveboughtthiscarfortenyears.buy---have×√Ihavehadthiscarfortenyears.瞬間動(dòng)詞VS.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Theoldmanhasdiedfor2years.Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor2years.die---bedead×√since與forUsage Examplesince+過去時(shí)間/名詞

since1970/hisarrivalsince+一段時(shí)間+agosincetwoyearsagosince+句子(過去時(shí))sinceheleftherefor+一段時(shí)間

fortwoyearsShehasbeeninMexicosince1970.Ihavestayedwithhimsincehisarrival.HehaslearntGermansincetwoyearsago.Thingshavechangedalotsincehelefthere.ShehasbeeninMexicofor40years.HehaslearntGermanfortwoyears.不改變?cè)猓谩癴or”“since”改寫句子1.HerclassmatesbegantolearnEnglishtwoyearsago.HerclassmateshavelearnedEnglishfortwoyears.2.Theshiplefttwodaysago.Theshiphasbeenawayfortwodays.3.HerparentswenttoliveinBeijingin1981.HerparentshavelivedinBeijingsince1981.4.Iboughtthenewbikelastweek.Ihavehadthenewbikesincelastweek.

固定句型①Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…結(jié)構(gòu)中,that從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.

Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.

②Thisisthe…that…結(jié)構(gòu),that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).

ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.

Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhimsing.

1.Hehasneverdrivenacarbefore.It’sthefirsttimehe__________acar.2.Lindahaslostherpassportagain.It’sthesecondtimethis__________(happen)3.Billisphoninghispenpalagain.That’sthethirdtimehe___________himthisevening.4.Thisisalovelymeal.It’sthefirstgoodmealI_________(have)hasdrivenhashappenedhasphonedhavehad練習(xí)過去完成時(shí)表示過去的過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；都是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的用一般過去時(shí).常和by或since,for引導(dǎo)的表時(shí)間的從句或短語連用,但必須要與一個(gè)表示過去時(shí)的動(dòng)作相對(duì)照.構(gòu)成方式:肯定句:sb.＋had

done＋sth.否定句:sb.+hadnotdone+sth.一般疑問句:Had+sb.+donesth.?肯定回答:Yes,sb.had.否定回答:No,sb.hadn’t.基本用法1.過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某時(shí)或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn).

我說自從你搬到這兒以來媽媽一直為你的懶惰而生氣.(2)我到達(dá)電影院之前電影早已經(jīng)開始了.Isaidmotherhadbeenangryaboutyourlazinesssincewemovedhere.Thefilmhadbegunbeforewegottothecinema.2.過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間以前開始一直延續(xù)到那個(gè)時(shí)間并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。(1)他來我們學(xué)校之前已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年.(2)當(dāng)Millie到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候,電影已經(jīng)開始了半個(gè)小時(shí)了.(3)自從他離開南京我們就一直沒有見過面.

Hehadworkedinthatschoolforthreeyearsbeforehecametoourschool.ThefilmhadalreadybeenonforhalfanhourwhenMilliegottothecinema.Wehadn’tseeneachothersinceheleftNanjing.3.過去完成時(shí)表示在某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作.過去的時(shí)間由before,after,when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間從句表示出來.1.我在你回來之前就已經(jīng)把晚飯準(zhǔn)備好了.2.當(dāng)我趕到學(xué)校時(shí),已經(jīng)開始上課了.3.在我到家之前他已經(jīng)走了.Ihadfinishedcookingdinnerbeforeyoucameback.Theclasshadbegun

whenIgottoschool.Igothomeafterhehadleft.4.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，一般用過去完成時(shí)。(1)她說她從來沒有去過巴黎。Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.(2)我覺得我以前見過他。IthoughtthatIhadseenhimbefore.(3)Tom說他借了這本書兩周了。Tomsaidhehadborrowedthebookfor2weeks.kept5.表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本……，未能……”。

1.結(jié)果比我們想象的要好。Theresultwasbetterthanwhatwehadexpected.2.我們期望你會(huì)來的，但是你沒有來。Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.MorepracticeWhenIarrivedthere,they___________(leave)already.Thefilm______________(start),whenwegottothecinema.I___________(read)thebookbeforeIstartedschool.Theythoughtthatthey___________(try)theirbest.Thepoorgirlneversawhergrandpabecausehe__________________(passaway)beforeshewasborn.I_______________(notrealize)shewasn’tChineseuntilshespoke.hadlefthadstartedhadreadhadtriedhadpassedawayhadn’trealized試作比較：昨天我見到王先生了．自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見過面。IsawMr.Wangyesterday.WehadnotseeneachothersinceheleftBeijing.自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見過面。

WehavenotseeneachothersinceheleftBeijing.

試比較：1.我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。2.到2005年8月，我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響