2023屆高考英語三輪復(fù)習(xí)·沖刺押題·外刊閱讀理解訓(xùn)練 (53)（含答案）

2024屆高考英語三輪復(fù)習(xí)?沖刺押題

外刊閱讀理解訓(xùn)練53

----改編自Heartandsoul

【文章】

Attemptstolinkpersonalitytraitswithmusicalpreferenceshave

previouslyfailedduetosmallsamplesizesandculturallyhomogenous

samples.However,arecentstudybyJasonRentfrowatCambridgeUniversity

andGideonNaveoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniaindicatesthat

personalitytraitscanindeedpredictmusicalpreferences.

Toensureadiversesamplesize,theresearchersrecruited22,252

participantsfromaroundtheworldthroughtheinternet,with45%being

over22yearsold.Participantswerepresentedwith25excerptsofmusic

thathadbeenassessedandclassifiedbyexpertmusicologists.Each

participantthencompletedastandardpersonalitytesttoratetheirlevel

ofopenness,conscientiousness,extroversion,agreeableness,and

neuroticism.

Thestudyfoundthatopennesswasassociatedwithapreferencefor

“sophisticated”music,whichischaracterizedbybeinginspiring,

complex,anddynamic.Conversely,individualswhoscoredhighinopenness

showedalackofappreciationfor"mellow"and“contemporary“music.

Extrovertsdisplayedapreferencefor“unpretentious“musicthatwas

uncomplicated,relaxing,andacoustic.Agreeableindividualsratedall

musicclipshighly,regardlessofgenre,whilethosewithelevated

neuroticismscoresratedeverythingnegatively.Interestingly,only

conscientiousnessfailedtopredictmusicaltasteinanyway.

Thisstudyprovidesevidencethatpersonalitytraitscanpredict

musicalpreferenceswhenalargeanddiversesampleisused.Itsuggests

thatpeoplewithcertainpersonalitytraitsmaybedrawntodifferent

stylesofmusic.Forexample,individualswhoscorehighinopennessmay

prefermusicthatismorecomplex,whileextrovertsmaypreferacoustic

andrelaxingmusic.However,itisimportanttonotethatnoteveryone

willfitintothesecategories,andfactorssuchaspersonalexperiences

andculturalbackgroundmayalsoinfluencemusicalpreferences.

【重點(diǎn)詞匯&詞組】

1.personality(n.)-個(gè)性

2.traits(n.)-特質(zhì)

3.musical(adj.)-音樂的

4.preferences(n.)一偏好

5.failed(v.)-失敗了

6.sample(n.)一樣本

7.sizes(n.)一大小

8.culturally(adv.)-文化上

9.homogenous(adj.)-同質(zhì)的

10.study(n.)-研究

11.recruited(v.)-招募

12.participants(n.)-參與者

13.internet(n.)-互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

14.assessed(v.)-評(píng)估

15.classified(v.)-分類的

16.expert(adj.)-專家

17.musicologists(n.)一音樂學(xué)家

18.completed(v.)-完成

19.standard(adj.)-標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的

20.rate(v.)-評(píng)價(jià)

21.openness(n.)-開放性

22.preference(n.)-喜好

23.sophisticated(adj.)-復(fù)雜的

24.inspiring(adj.)-鼓舞人心的

25.complex(adj.)-復(fù)雜的

26.dynamic(adj.)-動(dòng)態(tài)的

27.appreciation(n.)一欣賞

28.mellow(adj.)一悠閑的

29.contemporary(adj.)-當(dāng)代的

30.extroverts(n.)-性格外向者

31.unpretentious(adj.)-不炫耀的

32.uncomplicated(adj.)-簡(jiǎn)單的

33.relaxing(adj.)-放松的

34.acoustic(adj.)-聲學(xué)的

35.agreeable(adj.)-和藹可親的

36.neuroticism(n.)-神經(jīng)質(zhì)

37.scores(n.)-分?jǐn)?shù)

38.predict(v.)-預(yù)測(cè)

39.evidence(n.)-證據(jù)

40.suggests(v.)-暗示

41.drawn(v.)-吸引

42.styles(n.)-風(fēng)格

43.categories(n.)-類別

44.personal(adj.)一個(gè)人的

45.experiences(n.)-經(jīng)驗(yàn)

46.cultural(adj.)-文化的

47.background(n.)-背景

48.influence(v.)-影響

49.diversity(n.)-多樣性

50.elevated(adj.)-提高的

【閱讀理解習(xí)題】

1.Whydidpreviousattemptstoconnectpersonalitytraitswith

musicalpreferencesfail?

A.Becausepeoplewerenotinterestedinparticipatinginthe

research.

B.Becausetheresearchersdidnotrecruitenoughparticipantsfrom

differentplaces.

C.Becausetheparticipantswerenotpresentedwithawidevariety

ofmusicgenres.

D.Theanswerisnotmentionedinthearticle.

Answer:B

解析：文章提到之前的研究失敗是由于樣本太小和文化同質(zhì)性，這個(gè)時(shí)候只

要理解其中homogenoussamples即可解答出正確選項(xiàng)。

2.Howmanyparticipantsdidtheresearchersrecruitfortheirstudy?

A.22,252

B.5,000+

C.45%

D.Itisnotstatedinthearticle.

Answer:A

解析：文章提到研究者在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上招募了來自全球的22,252名參與者。

3.Whichpersonalitytraitislinkedtoapreferencefor

“sophisticated”music?

A.Neuroticism

B.Agreeableness

C.Conscientiousness

D.Openness

Answer:D

解析：文章指出開放性(openness)的人更容易喜歡〃復(fù)雜"琴聲的音樂。

4.Whatkindofmusicdoindividualswhoscorehighon

conscientiousnessprefer,accordingtothestudy?

A.Sophisticatedandinspiringmusic.

B.Uncomplicatedandrelaxingmusic.

C.Musicofanygenre.

D.Thestudydidnotfindaconnectionbetweenconscientiousnessand

musicalpreference.

Answer:D

解析?：文章指出唯一一個(gè)沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)以任何方式影響音樂品味的人格特質(zhì)為

責(zé)任心(conscientiousness),因此應(yīng)該選擇D選項(xiàng)。

5.Howdidtheresearchersassessthemusicexcerptsusedinthestudy?

A.Theywereclassifiedbyexpertmusicologists.

B.Theywerechosenbasedonpersonalpreferences.

C.Theywereselectedrandomlyfromdifferentgenres.

D.Theywerecreatedspecificallyforthestudy.

Answer:A

解析：文章提到研究使用的25段音樂片段是由專家音樂學(xué)家評(píng)估和分類的。

6.Whopreferred"unpretentious"musicinthestudy?

A.Neuroticindividuals.

B.Agreeableindividuals.

C.Extroverts.

D.Individualswithhighlevelsofconscientiousness.

Answer:C

解析?：文章指出外向性的人對(duì)“不矯揉造作”的音樂更感興趣，因此應(yīng)選擇

C選項(xiàng)。

7.Willeveryonefitintothepersonalitycategoriesoutlinedinthe

study?

A.Yes,becausethestudyprovidesdefinitiveevidenceformusical

preference.

B.No,becausepersonalexperiencesandculturalbackgroundmayalso

influencemusicalpreference.

C.Yes,becausethestudy'ssamplesizewasdiverseenough.

D.No,becausethestudyonlyfocusedonageasadiversityfactor.

Answer:B

解析：雖然這個(gè)研究表明人格特質(zhì)可以預(yù)測(cè)音樂喜好，但它強(qiáng)調(diào)并非每個(gè)人

都適合上述模型，并且其他個(gè)人因素也可能影響音樂偏好。此題答案為B。

8.Whatisthemainpointofthearticle?

A.Personalitytraitscanaccuratelypredictmusicalpreferences.

B.Previousresearchlinkingpersonalitytraitsandmusical

preferenceswasinvalid.

C.Thestudyfoundthatageisthemostimportantdiversityfactor

inmusicalpreference.

D.Factorssuchaspersonalexperiencesandculturalbackgroundmay

alsoinfluencemusicalpreferences.

Answer:D

解析：文章主要強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)和文化背景等因素尤其重要，可能影響音樂偏

好。雖然文章也提到了相關(guān)性的研究結(jié)果，但并非該文章主要關(guān)注點(diǎn)，因此選項(xiàng)

A并不正確。

【全文逐句對(duì)照翻譯】

將性格特征與音樂偏好聯(lián)系起來的嘗試此前因樣本規(guī)模小和文化同質(zhì)化而

失敗。

Attemptstolinkpersonalitytraitswithmusicalpreferenceshave

previouslyfailedduetosmallsamplesizesandculturallyhomogenous

samples.

然而，劍橋大學(xué)的杰森?倫特弗洛和賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)的吉迪恩?納夫最近的

一項(xiàng)研究表明，性格特征確實(shí)可以預(yù)測(cè)音樂偏好。

However,arecentstudybyJasonRentfrowatCambridgeUniversityand

GideonNaveoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniaindicatesthatpersonality

traitscanindeedpredictmusicalpreferences.

為了確保樣本的多樣性，研究人員通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)從世界各地招募了22252名參

與者，其中45%的人年齡在22歲以上。

Toensureadiversesamplesize,theresearchersrecruited22,252

participantsfromaroundtheworldthroughtheinternet,with45%being

over22yearsold.

研究人員向參與者展示了25段經(jīng)過音樂專家評(píng)估和分類的音樂片段。

Participantswerepresentedwith25excerptsofmusicthathadbeen

assessedandclassifiedbyexpertmusicologists.

然后，每個(gè)參與者都完成了一項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的性格測(cè)試，以評(píng)估他們的開放性、嚴(yán)

謹(jǐn)性、外向性、宜人性和神經(jīng)質(zhì)程度。

Eachparticipantthencompletedastandardpersonalitytesttorate

theirlevelofopenness,conscientiousness,extroversion,agreeableness,

andneuroticism.

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，開放性與對(duì)“復(fù)雜”音樂的偏好有關(guān)，這種音樂的特點(diǎn)是鼓舞人

心、復(fù)雜和動(dòng)態(tài)。

Thestudyfoundthatopennesswasassociatedwithapreferencefor

“sophisticated”music,whichischaracterizedbybeinginspiring,

complex,anddynamic.

相反，開放性得分高的人對(duì)“柔和”和“現(xiàn)代”音樂缺乏欣賞。

Conversely,individualswhoscoredhighinopennessshowedalackof

appreciationfor“mellow“anducontemporarymusic.

外向的人更喜歡“樸實(shí)”的音樂，即不復(fù)雜、放松和原聲的音樂。

Extrovertsdisplayedapreferencefor“unpretentious“musicthat

wasuncomplicated,relaxing,andacoustic.

隨和的人對(duì)所有音樂片段都給出了很高的評(píng)價(jià)，而那些神經(jīng)質(zhì)得分較高的人

對(duì)所有音樂片段都給出了負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)。

Agreeableindividualsratedallmusicclipshighly,regardlessof

genre,whi1ethosewi