考研《英語一》息烽縣2023年考前沖刺試題含解析

考研《英語一》息烽縣2023年考前沖刺試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)DearMr.Jones,Iexpectyoumaybeslightlysurprisedtoreceivealetterfromsomeonelivingasnearasyournext-doorneighbor;butIhavetoraisea1thatitwillbeeasierformetodiscussinwriting.Youmayhave2thatIhavealineofappletreesrunningalongsidethefencethat3ourtwogardens.Youmayalsohavetakenpleasureinthefrequentsightofyourtwochildrensittingonyourlawndirectlybythefence.Andyoumay4havenoticedthatmyappletrees,sotospeak,5thefenceandseemtolookdownatyourchildrenwithinterest.Itisonlynaturalthatyourchildrenshouldsometimesseemto6thatinterest.Anditisnotonlynatural,but,Iacknowledge,quitelegal,forthem7toshowthatinterestbypickingalltheapplesthat8onyoursideofthefence.Buttobeplainwithyou,Mr.Jones,Iamtiredofseeingyourchildren,dayafterday,tearthe9offthesideofeveryoneofmyappletrees,andleavemytreeslookingasthougha10hadbeenfoughtononesideofthem.Iam,ifanything,evenmoretiredof11thesefineautumnmornings,tofindeventheappleson12sideofthefencemuchlessin13.Iknowthisistheworkofyourchildren,14lastnightIwaswokenatmidnightbythenoisetheyweremakingclimbingoneofmytrees,and(astheymayhavetoldyou)chasedthemhome.WhileIamonthesubject,Iamatleast15toyouforkeepingyourbonfiresonthefarsideofyourgardenthisyear.LastyearneitherInoryourchildrenhadanyapples,becausethesmokefromyourbonfires16alltheflowersbeforetheappleshadtimetoform.Iverymuchhopethat17----forthefirsttimesinceIcametothisvillage----Ishallhavemyapples,andyourchildrenwillhavetheirsandthatthesightofthelineofappletreeswillbea18tousboth.19,Ishallnotexpressmydispleasureinwritingtoyou,butshallhavetoreferthemattertothosecapableoftakingstronger20.Yourssincerely,J.Smith1、A．courseB．subjectC．ideaD．theme2、A．knewB．learnedC．noticedD．a(chǎn)cknowledged3、A．dividesB．unfoldsC．separatesD．surrounds4、A．a(chǎn)lsoB．YetC．evenD．ever5、A．getoverB．gooverC．takeoverD．bendover6、A．receiveB．returnC．rebuildD．reserve7、A．occasionallyB．immediatelyC．directlyD．frequently8、A．hangaroundB．hangonC．hangupD．hangover9、A．leavesB．branchesC．trunkD．roots10、A．rubbishB．campaignC．battleD．trouble11、A．stayingupB．wakingupC．warmingupD．standingup12、A．yourB．bothC．myD．each13、A．colorB．shapeC．sizeD．number14、A．whenB．a(chǎn)fterC．sinceD．until15、A．pleasedB．gratefulC．disappointedD．a(chǎn)ppealing16、A．destroyedB．burnedC．firedD．warmed17、A．thisyearB．lastyearC．nexttimeD．nextyear18、A．defenceB．successC．prideD．barrier19、A．OtherwiseB．MoreoverC．ThereforeD．Fortunately20、A．workB．functionC．replyD．a(chǎn)ctionSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Whenoldpeoplelivewithchildrenandotherrelativestherelationshipisnotalwaysahappyone.Evenoldparentsandadultchildrenwholiveseparatelycanhavedifficulties.Herethegenerationgapbecomesmostvisibleastheneedsandinterestsofthemiddle-agedandolddiverge.Somemiddle-agedchildrenaresoannoyedbythedemandsoftheirparentsthattheymakesuchcommentsas“Whydon’ttheoldfoolsdie?”Althoughsuchuglycommentsexist,asurveyconductedbytheAmericanAssociationofRetiredPersonsreflectsapositiveattitudebyAmericanpopulationtowardstheold.Thatsurveyshowedthat69%adultchildrenhaveweeklycontactwiththeirmothersand20%havedailycontactwiththeirmothers.Othersurveyshaveshownthat40%ofadultshaveface-tofacecontactwiththeirparentsonceaweek.The2014NationalSurveyofFamilyandHousehold(NSFH)showedthat78%ofadultsviewtheirrelationshipwiththeirmotherandfatherasexcellent.Only0.03%ofthosesurveyedviewedthatrelationshipas“bad”.Theremainderswereambivalentintheirperceptionoftheirparents.ThisfindingisconfirmedbymucholderstudiesofthesamephenomenonalsoconductedbytheNationalSurveyofFamiliesandHouseholds.Ofthosesurveyed,66%contactedtheirparentsonceaweekormoreandonly10%didnotcontacttheirparentsatall.Inpart,thisisaproductofthedistanceatwhichadultchildrenlivefromtheirparents.The2014surveyshowedthat67%ofadultchildrenlivewithin100milesoftheirparentsandthat38%livewithintenmilesoftheirparents.However,afull20%ofthosesurveyedlive1,000milesormoreawayfromtheirparents.1、Accordingtothepassage,therelationshipbetweenmostAmericanoldpeopleandtheiradultchildrenis______.A．terribleanddistant B．a(chǎn)nnoyinganddifficultC．greatandclose D．neithergoodnorbad2、Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“diverge”inparagraph1?A．differ B．meet C．exist D．transfer3、Fromthepassage,welearnthat______.A．generationgapbecomesinvisibleifoldparentsandadultchildrenliveseparatelyB．relationshipbetweenparentsandchildrenhasbecomemuchbetterthanbeforeC．someoldparentswouldratherdiebecausetheirchildrenareannoyedatthemD．livingfarawaymayleadtopeople’slessornocontactwiththeirparentsText2Electriccarsaredirty.Infact,notonlyaretheydirty,theymightevenbedirtierthantheirgasoline-poweredcousins.PeopleinCalifornialovetotalkabout“zero-emissionsvehicles”,butpeopleinCaliforniaseemtobecluelessaboutwhereelectricitycomesfrom.Powerplantsmostlyusefiretomakeit.Asidefromthenewfolkswhohavetheirroofscoveredwithsolarcells,wegetourelectricityfromgenerators(發(fā)電機(jī)).Generatorsarefueledbysomething—usuallycoal,oil,butalsobyheatgeneratedinnuclearpowerplants.Thereareafewwindfarmsandgeothermal(地?zé)?plantsaswell,butbyfarwegetelectricitymainlybyburningsomething.Inotherwords,those“zero-emissions”carsarelikelycoal-burningcars.It’sjustbecausethecoalisburnedsomewhereelse,itlooksclean.Itisnot.It’sasiftheCaliforniaGreensarecoveringtheireyes—“IfIcan’tseeit,it’snothappening.”Gasolineisanincrediblyefficientwaytopoweravehicle;agallonofgashasalotofenergyinit.Butwhenyoutakethatgas(oranotherfuel)andfirstuseittomakeelectricity,youwasteanicepartofthatenergy,mostlyintheformofwastedheat—atthegenerator,throughthetransmissionlines,etc.Agallonofgasmaypropelyourcar25miles.Buttheelectricityyougetfromthatgallonofgaswon’tgetyouasfar—soelectriccarsburnmorefuelthangasoline-poweredones.Ifourelectricitycamemostlyfromnukesorgeothermal,orhydroorwindorsolar,thenanelectriccartrulywouldbeclean.Butforpolitical,technical,andeconomicreasons,wedon’tusemuchofthoseenergysources.Inaddition,electriccars’batterieswhicharepoisonousforalongtimewilleventuallyendupinalandfill.Andfinally,whencarsarethepolluters,thepollutionisspreadacrossalltheroads.Whenit’sapowerplant,though,allthejunkisinoneplace.Natureisverygoodatcleaningupwhenthingsaretooconcentrated,butittakesalotlongerwhenallthegarbageisinonespot.1、Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Electriccarsarefarfrombeingclean.B．Electriccarsarebetterthangasoline-poweredones.C．Peoplecastdoubtsonelectriccars’batteries.D．Gasolineisanefficientwaytopoweravehicle.2、Theelectricitywegetfromagallonofgasmaymakeourcarrun____.A．nolessthan25miles B．a(chǎn)sfaras50milesC．lessthan25miles D．a(chǎn)sfaras25miles3、Accordingtothetext,electriccars____.A．a(chǎn)remoreenvironmentallyfriendlyB．burnmorefuelthangas-poweredonesC．a(chǎn)reverygoodatcleaningupwhenthingsarenottooconcentratedD．a(chǎn)repoisonousforalongtimeandwilleventuallyendupinalandfill4、Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat____.A．beinggreenisgoodandshouldbeencouragedincommunicationB．electriccarsarethedominantvehiclescomparedwiththeirgas-poweredcousinsC．zero-emissionsvehiclesshouldbechosentoprotectourenvironmentD．electriccarsarenotcleanbecausewegetelectricitymainlybyburningsomethingText3Althoughtheideaof“zeroemission,netcarbon-positive,sustainable(可持續(xù))”developmentwaspromotedworldwide,mostcitiesareatalosswhattodoorevensomehaveobjectedtoit.ButinLiuzhou,acityinsouthernChina,attitudescouldnotbemoredifferent.TheLiuzhouMunicipalityUrbanPlanningBureauhassignedupItalianarchitectStefanoBoeri,thefatheroftheforestcitymovement,tobuildaself-containedcommunityforupto30,000people.Heisthego-tomanforsuchprojectsthankstothesuccessofhis“verticalforests”,tworesidential(住宅的)towers.Completedin2014,theyremoveupto17.5tonsofsoot(煤煙)fromtheaireachyear,andayearlateroneofthemwasnamedBestTallBuildingWorldwide.TheLiuzhouprojectisamuchmoreambitiousundertaking,however.Itshomes,hospitals,hotels,schoolsandofficeswillbebuiltona340-acresiteinwhatBoericallsthefirstattempttocreatean“urbanenvironmentthatisreallytryingtofindabalancewithnature”.Its100speciesofplantlifeareexpectedtoabsorbalmost10,000tonsofcarbondioxideand57tonsofpollutantsperyear,whileatthesametimeproducing900tonsoflife-givingoxygen.Althoughthearchitectshaven’tpublishedthecostoftheforestcity,theMilantowerscostonlyfivepercentmorethantraditionalskyscrapers.TheconstructionofhisforestcityatLiuzhouissettobeginin2020,andthereisstillagreatdealofplanningandresearchrequiredbeforeaprojectedcompletiondatecanbeset.However,Boeriremainsoptimisticabouttheprojectandhasconfidenceinthesoundnessofhisvision:“Ireallythinkthatbringingforestsintothecityisawaytodealwithglobalwarming.”1、What’sLiuzhou’sattitudetowardsthesustainabledevelopment?A．Approving. B．Cautious. C．Unfavorable. D．Doubtful.2、WhyisStefanoemployedfortheLiuZhouproject?A．Hevolunteeredtodotheproject.B．Heisafamousarchitectintheworld.C．Heisthefatheroftheforestrecovery.D．Hehasgainedexperienceinsimilarprojects.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”referto?A．Thearchitects. B．Thetwotowers.C．Forestsinthecity. D．Theresidentsofthecity.4、What’sthepurposeofLiuZhouproject?A．Toprovidemorejobs. B．Tobringforestintocity.C．Tosolvehouseshortage. D．Toimprovetheenvironment.Text4Ransomwareisthenewestthreattocomputerusers.Itisasoftwarevirusthatblocksyourcomputersystemuntilyoupaymoney.Theviruseshavescarynames,likeCryptolockerorCryptowall.Thefirstransomwarevirusesappearedin2013buttheyhavebecomemoredangerousrecently.Thevirusescansweepacrosstheinternetinashortperiodoftimeandinfectmillionsofcomputersovernight.Ransomwarevirusesspreadvialinks,unauthorizeddownloadsaswellasemailattachments.Theyhityourcomputerwithoutyouknowingit.Inmanycasesthevirusstopsyourharddrivefromworkingorencryptsdocumentsandphotos,whichthenbecomeuseless.Hackersdemandmoney,rangingfromafewtoathousanddollars,forlettingyoucontrolyourcomputeragain.NotonlyPCsarereportedtobeaffectedbyransomware,tabletsandmobilephoneshavealsocaughtthevirus.Virusdevelopersarealwayslookingfornewwaystomakemoney.Lastyearransomwareattackswentupby100%.Currently,thereareabout30,000infectionsaroundtheworldeveryday.Althoughanti-virusfirmsareworkinghardtoproducepatchestoprotectsuchattacks,theyarenotalwaysfastenoughtoprovidesecurityfromeveryvirus.However,therearesomethingsyoucandotoprotectyourself.Donotdownloadsuspiciousfilesfromtheinternetandbecarefulwhenyouopenemailattachments.Finally,allowyouroperatingsystemtoupdateregularlyandmakesureyouranti-virusdatabasesarealsoup-to-date.1、WhatisRansomwarelike?A．Spreadingfast,itisverydestructive.B．Hiddenverywellitisveryhardtofindout.C．AffectingPCsandphones,itdemandsmuchmoneyeachtime.D．Attackedmoreandmoreoften,wecandonothingaboutit.2、Theunderlinedword“encrypt”inParagraph2mostprobablymeans.A．makesthcompletelydisappearB．hidesthinanothersecretplaceC．changeordinarylanguageintocodeD．decreasethenumberof3、Themainpurposeforthevirusesmaybe.A．tostealinformationfromcomputersystemsB．tothreatencomputersuserstooffermoneyC．todestroycomputersystemsforfunD．towarncomputeruserstobuynewanti-virussoftwarePartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)NowadaysChineseareusingthesolarcalendarButatthesametime,ChinesearealsousingtheirownlunarcalendarEachlunaryear1．(give)thenameofoneoftheseanimals:therat,theox,thetiger,thehare,thedragon,thesnake,thehorse,thesheep,themonkey,thecock,thedogandthepigThislistrepeats2．(it)everytwelveyears,3．isamainfeatureoftheChineselunarcalendarEachChinesemonthstartsonthedayofthenewmoon,andthefullmoonalwayscomesonthe4．(fifteen)dayofthemonthTheNewYear,actually5．(well)knownastheSpringFestival,alwaysfalls6．January21standFebruary20thOnthelastdayofeachlunaryear,theChinesewillhold7．bigfamilyreuniondinnerAllthemembersofafamily,withthe8．(except)ofmarrieddaughters,willtrytobepresentonthisfestivaloccasion,eveniftheyhavetotravelmanymiles9．(return)tothehomeoftheirparentsAfterthedinner,evenchildrenwillstay10．(wake)untilthemidnighttowelcometheNewYearDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrectFortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblankShanghaiCitizensOutOfSortsOverNewTrashSeparationRulesHouseholdtrashhasoccupiedthemindsofShanghairesidentsthisweek:specifically,arethecontentsoftheirbins“wet”,“dry”,“hazardous”or“recyclable”?Residentsofthecityoneoftheworld’sbiggestwithabout23millionpeople,1．a(chǎn)rrangetheirtrashaccordingtothoselabelsunderamandatory（強(qiáng)制的）sortingscheme2．(start)onJuly3．Citizens,however,arefinding4．newsystemcomplicatedenough,5．everyitemofwastenowundercarefulscrutiny,fromreceiptsandhalf-eatencrayfishtosoggycupsof“bubbletea”Residentsarealsounhappyaboutgettingtheirhandsdirty“It’sreallyalotoftrouble,”saida68-yearoldresidentcalledShen“Plasticbagshavetobeputinonebinandiftheyaredirtytheymust6．(cleanout),andthenyourhandsgetfilthyIt’sreallyunhygienic”HuangRong,deputysecretarygeneraloftheShanghaigovernment,saidonFridaymorethan70%ofresidentialdistrictsshouldbecompliant（遵守）withthenewtrashsortingrulesbynextyearThoughShanghaihashired1,700instructorsandconducted13,000trainingsessions,confusedresidentsonsocialmediaaredemandingtoknowtosortitemslikebatteries,humanhair,meatonabone,orfruitseedsandskinsThegovernment7．(setup)anapptohandleenquiries8．citizensareunsureaboutwhichofthefourtrashcategories---recyclable,hazardouswaste,kitchenwasteandresidualwaste---somethingtheyneedtodiscardbelongsto,theyopentheapp,typeintheobjectandreceiveadefinitiveanswerShanghaiaimstoeventuallyburnorrecycleallwasteBynextyear,drywasteincinerationandwetwastetreatmentrates9．(expect)toreach27,800tonnesaday,around80%ofthecity’stotalgarbageChinaisbuildinghundredsof“wastetoenergy”plants10．usegarbagetogeneratepowerItisalsoestablishinga“waste-freecity”schemeandconstructinghigh-tech“comprehensiveutilizationbases”acrossthecountryHuangsaidthenewsortingmeasureswerejustthebeginning,andwouldnotinstantlyresolveShanghai’smountinggarbagechallenges“Weneedtostepupthepropaganda,andwecan’thelpbut11．(stepup)theconstructionofinfrastructureandguaranteethattheseparationoftrashmeetsourrequirements,”hesaidSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)BikesharesystemshavebeengrowinginpopularityacrosstheUnitedStates.Theconceptissimple.1、It’snothardtocomeupwiththeobviousbenefitsofabikesharingsystem.2、Bikesobviouslyproducenoemissions(氣體排放),andwecanonlyassumethatthepeopleridingthemwouldhavetakenacaborabusinstead.Bikesharesgivethesepeopletheoptiontoexperiencethecitybybike,whichisbothlessexpensiveandmoreconvenient.Bikesharesystemsaremostdefinitelyconvenient.Ifyoucommutetoworkinacity,youknowthattherearesometimespublictransportationdeadzones.3、Oneofthemajorbenefitsofbikesharesisthattheyeliminatetheproblembygivingpeopleanoptionforthatlastlegofthecommute.InBoston,alotofpeoplecommutebybikeeveryday.Evenwiththehundredsofcyclistsontheroadeveryday,automobilesarestillconsideredthedominantusersoftheroad—andlet’sfaceit—theyare.However,asmoreandmorepeoplestartcycling,bicyclistsgetabiggervoiceintrafficlaws.4、Whenpeoplearegiventheoptiontohoponabike,theymightgetthemostexercisethey’vegotteninmonths.Peoplewhoaresedentary(不愛活動的)intheireverydaylifeprobablywon’tgooutandbuyabike.5、A．Lawswillbegintoprotectallofthecyclists.B．Bikesharesystemsaregreatfortheenvironment.C．Obviously,therearemanybenefitstobikeshares.D．However,that’snottosaytheydon’tcomewithitsdisadvantages.E.Thisdeadzoneiscalledthe“l(fā)astmile”probleminurbandevelopment.F.Youcanpaybythehour,andyoucandropyourbikeoffatanyotherlocation.G.However,bikesharesprovideaneasyoption,andtheymightactuallyenjoytheworkout.Whenwethinkofholidays,wethinkoftraveling,beaches,fun,andadventure.1、.Smartphoneshavetakentheworldbystorm,influencing