重難點(diǎn)39短文填空之首字母填空-2023年中考英語【熱點(diǎn)·重點(diǎn)·難點(diǎn)】專練(全國通用)(原卷版)

專項(xiàng)五中考題型重難點(diǎn)39短文填空之首字母填空 短文首字母填空題型滿分技巧 1.跳過空格，不看選項(xiàng)，快速地閱讀全文，從整體上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨?？焖匍喿x時(shí)寧粗勿細(xì)，切忌只盯住一個(gè)句子倉促解題，這樣勢必因胸?zé)o全局而誤入歧途。快速閱讀時(shí)，還要注意找出關(guān)鍵詞，這些詞在文中起支撐骨架的功能，抓住了關(guān)鍵詞就抓住了故事的線索。特別是要重視首句，善于以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語氣為立足點(diǎn)，理清文脈，推測全文時(shí)態(tài)、主題及大意。2.復(fù)讀短文，確定語義，判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認(rèn)真復(fù)讀短文，利用上下文的語境，結(jié)合所學(xué)過的知識(shí)，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義，再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填詞的正確形式。如短文難度較大，尤其是難于選詞時(shí)，從本句的前后觀察中一時(shí)尚不得要領(lǐng)，就要進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大到上下文中分析。3.三讀短文，上下參照，驗(yàn)證答案。在短文的空白處分別填上一個(gè)詞后，將完成的短文再細(xì)讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考?？蓮纳舷挛膬?nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無誤等進(jìn)行綜合驗(yàn)證，凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。首字母填空是根據(jù)句意和已給出的首字母，在句子的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，使句子意思完整，語法正確的一種題型。該題型既考查學(xué)生的單詞記憶和拼寫能力，又考查學(xué)生對句子的理解和運(yùn)用能力。典例解析（2022·甘肅甘南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，把所缺單詞填寫在后面的橫線上。AndywasborninChina15yearsago.In2021,shem___1___totheUSAwithherfamily.Asahighschoolstudentshehasfoundmanydifferencesb___2___

ChineseandAmericans.Forexample,manyAmericanparentsthinkthereisnon___3___tosendtheirchildrentoanexpensiveschool.H___4___,it’sdifferentinChina.ManyChineseparentswoulddoanythingtosendtheirchildrentoexpensiveschools,a___5___theirfamilyisn’trichenough.【短文大意】本文主要介紹了中國和美國在教育上的差別?！敬鸢附馕觥?．句意：2021年，她和家人搬到了美國。根據(jù)“she…totheUSAwithherfamily”及首字母可知，搬到了美國，move“搬”，結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語In2021可知，動(dòng)詞用過去式，故填(m)oved。2．句意：作為一名高中生，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了中美之間的許多差異。根據(jù)“ChineseandAmericans”及首字母可知，此處用between…and表示“在……與……之間”，故填(b)etween。3．句意：例如，許多美國父母認(rèn)為沒有必要把他們的孩子送到昂貴的學(xué)校。根據(jù)“thereisno…tosendtheirchildrentoanexpensiveschool”及首字母可知，此處用thereisnoneedtodosth表示“沒有必要做某事”，故填(n)eed。4．句意：然而，這在中國是不同的。“manyAmericanparentsthinkthereisno…tosendtheirchildrentoanexpensiveschool”與“ManyChineseparentswoulddoanythingtosendtheirchildrentoexpensiveschools”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，however“然而”，故填(H)owever。5．句意：許多中國父母會(huì)不惜一切把孩子送到昂貴的學(xué)校，盡管他們的家庭并不富裕?！癕anyChineseparentswoulddoanythingtosendtheirchildrentoexpensiveschools”與“theirfamilyisn’trichenough”是讓步關(guān)系，although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，故填(a)lthough。（2022·山東東營·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~?！癠gh,meatpieagain?Ih____1____meatpie!”Mattshouted.“Iwon’teatit!”Matt’smomanddadlookedateachother.Matt’sangryoutbursts(爆發(fā))werealwayshappeningthismonth.“Matt,we’regoingtoletyoutakeover(接管)dinnertimefromnowon,”Momsaid.“Well,we’regoingtoeatg___2___foodeverynight!”Mattansweredhappily.Thenextday,DadhelpedMattmakethemealplan.“We’regoingtohavechickentonight,andspaghettitomorrow,”Mattstarted.“Woah,waitaminute,”Dadsaid.“Whatelsearewegoingtohavewiththechicken?Weneedtohaveatleastonev___3___witheachmeal.”“Wecanhavecabbage,”Mattsaid.“Sophiadoesnotlikecabbage,”saidDad.“Well,it’smychoice,s___4___I’mgoingtocookit,”Mattreplied.“OK,butshemightcomplain(抱怨)atdinner.Areyoureadyforthat?”Dadasked.“Yeah,maybe,”Mattanswered.AlmosteverytimeMattpickedsomethingout,hisdadwouldtellhimthatsomeonewouldn’tlikeit.Itwasveryfrustrating(令人懊惱的).“Thisisimpossible!”Mattsaidangrily.“Yes,itishard.Everyonehasd___5___tastes,andsometimes,wejustcan’tplease(使?jié)M意)everyone.”“Fine,we’llgowiththisplanthisweek.NextweekI’lltrytomakeeveryonehappy,”repliedMatt.ItwastimeforMatttomakehisf___6___meal,sohisparentsbothcametohelphim.Hehadn’tcookedbefore.Ittookalmostanhourtomakedinner.Hewastiredandhungry,buthewassoproudofh___7___—hemadedinner!“Ew,thisricetastesstrange,”Sophiasaid.Matttookabite.Itdidtastealittlestrange.Buthe’dworkedsohard!Hefeltlikehemightc___8___.“Idon’tlikecabbage,”shoutedSophia.Mattrealizedthenhowhisparentsmustfeeleverytimehecomplainedaboutdinner.Itwasimpossibletomakesuree___9___likedeverypartofeverymeal!“I’msorry,Sophia.I’msorry,MomandDad.Ishouldn’thaveshoutedatyouaboutdinnerallthetime.Idon’twanttotakeoverdinneranymore,Iwon’tcomplain,”Mattsaid.“Thankyou,Matt,”MomandDadsaid.Dadcontinued,“We’lltakebackdinnerresponsibilities.Youcanoffersomehelpifyoulike!”Mattfeltalotbetter.Hehappilyfinishedhisdinnerandn____10____complainedaboutamealagain.（2022·上海·統(tǒng)考中考真題）在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順。每空格限填一詞，首字母已給出。Whichwouldyouratherspendyourmoneyon,anoutingwithfriendsorapairofexpensiveshoes?Itismyopinionthatspendingmoneyonexperiencesbringsgreaterhappiness.Myfirstr___11___isthatexperiencesmakeusdifferentaswegrow.Wearenottheresultofthethingswe’vebought.Instead,wearetheresultofeverythingwe’veseenanddone.Forexample,gettingexpensiveclothesdidn’tc___12___measaperson,butthecampingtriplastsummercertainlydid.Itmadememoreindependent.Inaddition,Ip___13___experiencesbecausetheybringpeopletogether.Sharinganewexperiencedevelopsstrongerrelationshipsandcreateslong-lastingmemories.ThreeyearsagoImetsometeenagersonastudytripandnowIams___14___intouchwiththem,butIhardlyrememberwhatIboughtduringthetrip.Myfinalpointisthat,althoughsomepeoplesayitisagreatj___15___toownthings,Ithinkusingthethingsyouownismorepleasant.Forexample,Ispendmostofmysparemoneyonnewpartsformyoldmountainbike,butIlovetheexperienceofc___16___,notowningbikeparts!Tosumup,experiencesmakeuswhoweareanddevelopstrongerrelationships.Sonexttimebeforeyoupayforsomething,giveitsomes___17___thought.Askyourself,“WhichwillIspendmymoneyon,anoutingorapairofshoes?”（2022·江蘇鹽城·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞，使其意思完整。Igrewupinthecountryside.Ataround10yearsold,Ibegantolearncooking.ThefirstskillImasteredwasmakingdough（面團(tuán)）.Sincemyparentsoftencamehomel____18____,aprepareddoughwouldhelpmyfamilyhavesuppersooner.Ithoughtitwouldbee____19____becauseIoftensawmymumdoit—justmixwaterandflour,right?Notquite!Itturnedouttobeam____20____forawhile.FirstImadethedoughtoosoft.ThenImadeittoohard.ButasIkepttrying,Ilearnedthetrick.Later,IcookedfrieddishesandthingslikedumplingsandIf____21____inlovewithcooking.It’sagoodwaytorelax.Moreimportantly,thankstomycookingskill,Ilivebetterd____22____theCOVID-19pandemic.Nowworkingathome,Icookeverymealinsteadoforderingtakeout.Its___23___moneyandIdon’thavetowaitfordeliverydriverstofeedme.Besidescooking,Ididalotoff____24____workinmychildhood.Igottoknowhowtoplantvegetables.T___25___itwashardwork,theexperiencetaughtmethingsthatmanyofmyfriendsstilldon’tknow.Forexample,thepartofapotatothathassprouts（芽）canbeplantedasaseed.Ioncediscussedthiswithmyfriendsfromthecity.Theythoughtitwasap____26____thattheydidn’thavethechancetolearnthesethingsintheirlives.Somemightsaywecanlearnthesethingsfromtextbooks.Butitcan’tcomparetothej____27____oflearningfirsthand,watchingplantsblossomandgrow.Itbringsanewwaytolookattheworld.（2022·江蘇南通·統(tǒng)考中考真題）請認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)各題所給首字母的提示，寫出一個(gè)合適的英語單詞完整的、正確的形式，使短文通順。EatYourGreens!Ihaveneverbeenafanofvegetables.Butmybestfriendlovesthem.“Eatyourgreens!”healwayssays.SoIdecidetolearnsomethingmoreaboutthem.Plantsareaveryimportantpartofourdiet.Becauseofthec____28____theirleavesvegetablesareoftencalled“greens”.Theyp____29____allkindsofnutrition(營養(yǎng))thatareveryimportantforourbodies.Forexample,vitaminCgivesushealthyskin,andcalcium(鈣)keepsourboness____30____.Othershelptokeepourhearts,bloodandmuscleshealthyEatingvegetablesdoesnotmakeusf____31____becausetheyarelowincalories.It’ssaidthatthereareover80,000differentkindsofplantswhichcanbeeatenonEarth.However,90percentofthefoodsweeatc____32____fromjust30plants.Thisisnotbecausetheyarethemostnutritious,butbecausetheyarethee____33____togrow.Itissuggestedtoeatatleastfivedifferentvegetableseveryday.It’sagoodh____34____tomakevegetablesamainpartofeachmeal.However,somepeoplethinkthatvegetablesarenotsopopularcomparedwithmeat,sowhenvegetablesareservedtogetherwithmeat,theyoftenc____35____meatinsteadofvegetables.Othersthinkvegetablesarecookedinanunskillfulway,makingthemnotd____36____.Inordertohelpmehaveahealthydiet,myfriendgivesmegooda____37____onhowtocooktastyvegetables.Iamonmywaytoahealthierlifestyle.（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及所給首字母提示寫出所缺單詞，使短文意思完整，每空一詞。TomanyyoungChinesepeople,PremierZhouEnlaiisknownasakeyfounderoftheNewChina.Butf____38____peopleknowheoncewroteamartialartsnovelcalledJinGuoYingXiong.Recently,aSinaWeibouserm____39____thisnovelwrittenbyZhoumorethanacenturyago.Manyyoungpeopleshowedastrongi____40____initandtheiradmirationfortheearlypioneersofChina.AnotheruserpostedthefirstpageofthenovelwhichZhouwroteatthea____41____of16.ItwaspublishedunderZhou’spseudonym(筆名)“FeiFei”inamagazinebeginninginOctober,1914.However,thenovelwasnevercompleted,butitcanbefounda____42____.TheEarlyWorksofZhouEnlaiwerepublishedbytheCentralPartyLiteraturePressin1998.A____43____manyyoungpeopleexpressedtheregretthatZhoudidnotgoonwiththenovel,theysaidheplayedamoreimportantroleinChina’shistory.Onewrote“ThenovelwasstoppedbutPremierZhouwentontos____44____theChinesenationoutofdanger!”Anotheradded,“Hegaveupanovel,buthewroteahistoryofm____45____China.”A29-year-oldcomputerengineersaid,“ThepioneersofChinaarespiritualleadersforme.Rememberingthemhelpedmebuildupther____46____values.WhenIfaceproblemsinlife,Iamalwaysremindednottof____47____thelivesofthosepioneers.ThedifficultiesIfacenowarenothingcomparedwithwhattheyexperienced.”（2022·江蘇徐州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，寫出所缺單詞，使短文完整、通順。Whenpeoplemeetstrangers,theyoftenhavesmalltalks.Thesetalksareagoodwayforpeopletos____48____hello.Thetalkscovermanytopics,suchasweather,films,sports,TVshowso____49____thelatestnews.Butweshouldalwayskeepitinmindthatp____50____subjectsaboutmoney,age,andweightshouldbeavoided.Besides,it’sbettertoaskopen-endedquestions.Ifyouask,“Doyoulikeourcity?”Theymaysays____51____,“Yes”.Ifyouask,“Whatdoyouthinkofourcity?”Theywillhavemorefreedominanswering.Thistypeofquestionalsoshowsthatyouareinterestedinthem.Ifyouseeminterestedinw____52____peoplearesaying,theywillfeelmorecomfortabletalkingwithyou.（2022·江蘇泰州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，補(bǔ)全空格內(nèi)單詞，使短文完整、通順（請?jiān)诖痤}卡上寫出完整單詞）。Itwasabeautifulfallday.Iwasoutridingmybicycle.IguessedIrodeoveraholeintheroad.Allofasudden,WHAM(砰)!Ifelloffmybicycle.Myrightsidereallyh__53__!Myheadhitthegroundh__54__.Ilaythereforafewminutes.Itriedtogetup,b__55__Ifailed!“Theremustbes__56__wrongwithme,”Ithought.Ifeltsot__57__thatIhadtostillliethere.ThenIsawb__58__onmyshoe.Myhandandkneewerebleeding.AsIlaythere,Itookoffmyhelmet.Therewasasharprockstickingoutofit.Ilookedatitinf__59__.ThankgoodnessIworemyhelmet!Ishoutedforhelp.Atthattime,atruckwentby.Thedrivers__60__histruckandcametohelpme.Heputmybicycleinthebackofhistruckanddrovemetothehospital.Whenmymothergottothehospital,shegavemeabighug(擁抱).“I’msogladyouwerewearingyourhelmet.Thehelmetsavedyourlife,”shesaid.SheknewIwasc__61__beforeanddidnotalwayswearmyhelmet.“Mum,itwasnotthehelmeti__62__thatsavedmylife,butsafetyawarenessdid.I’llridemybicyclewithgreatcarelateron!”（2022·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀短文，根據(jù)上下文和所給的首字母寫出所缺單詞。注意使用正確形式，每空限填一詞。答卷時(shí)，要求寫出完整單詞。DunbuangisahistoriccityinGansu.Inancienttimes,Dunhuangwasanimportantc___63___oftrade.AstheSilkRoaddeveloped,DunhuangbecameChina’swesterngatewaytotheworld.Here,differentculturesmetandinfluencedeachother.Peoplefromf___64___countriesdidbusinessandcommunicatedwiththelocalpeople.Ifyouv___65___Dunhuang,youwillbeabletoseetheMogaoCaves（莫高窟）.Ifyouwalki___66___,youwilldiscoversomeofthewonderfulartworks.Thereareover45,000squaremetresofbeautifulpaintingsonthecavewalls,aswellasthousandsofstatues.Overtheyears,ChinahasmadegreateffortstoprotecttheMogaoCaves.Today,youcanalsofindhigh-qualityphotosoftheartworksontheInternet.Peopleallovertheworldnowhaveac___67___toseeDunhuang’streasuresonline.（2022·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，單詞的第一個(gè)字母已給出。ErieGreenhasalwayswonderedaboutthingsthatliveintheocean.Whenhewasy____68____,helovedtoswim.Helikedtowatchallkindsofunderwateranimalsandplantsthroughhismask(潛水面罩).Whenhegrewup,hewantedtol____69____fornewthingsintheocean.Today,Mr.Greenisamarineecologist(海洋生態(tài)學(xué)家).Hestudieshowunderwateranimalsandplantsconnectwitheachotherandneedeachothertostaya____70____.Mr.Greenstudiescoralreefs(珊瑚)inthePacificOcean.Acoralreefislikeabigunderwatert____71____.Thousandsofanimalsandplantslivethere.Theycompeteforfoodandspacethere.Asaresult,thebeautifulcoralreefsgeti____72____easily.Mr.Greenalsostudieshowpeople’sactionscanchangecoralreefs.Sometimespeoplepollutethewateroroverfish,sothew____73____thatallthelivingthingsarejoinedtogetherhasbeenchanged.Ifcoralreefsgethurt,manyanimalshavetofindnewhomes.Someanimals’n____74____droplow,andsomeanimalsjustdisappear.Mr.Greenwantstop____75____thisfromhappening.Mr.Greenbelievesthatalllivingthingsinacoralreefshouldbek____76____safe.“Underwaterecosystemsarelikeairplanes,”Mr.Greensays.“Theyneedalloftheirpartstoworkcorrectly.”“Totakebettercareofmarinehomes,wefirstmustk____77____them.Onlythroughthat,canweunderstandthegreatinfluencehumanshaveontheseplaces.”Mr.Greensays.（2022·天津·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞，使短文意思完整。每空限填一詞。InthesmallvillagesofKenya(肯尼亞),Africa,mostkidswanttoreadbooks.Butnoroadsgototheirhomes,onlymilesandmilesofsand.Carsandtrucksarenotuseful,s____78____librarybooksarriveonthebacksofcamels.Camelscanhandle(應(yīng)付)thesandandthebooks.Twocamels,acameldriver,andalibrarian(圖書管理員)w____79____tothevillagestogether.Onecamelcarriesabout180kilosofbooks,andtheothercarriesatent.Ateachvillage,thelibrariansetsupthetentandshowstheb____80____tothekidsinside.Twoweekslater,thecamelsc____81____backwithnewbooks.SomepeopleinthemountainsofnorthernThailand(泰國)getbooksinad____82____way.Their“l(fā)____83____”arecarriedbyelephants.Theseanimalscanhandlethedifficultjourney.Becausetheyarelarge,theycancarrymanybooksinmetalcases(金屬箱).Themetalprotectsthebooksfromtheheavyrainsthatf____84____inthearea.Indonesia(印度尼西亞)hasitsowndifficulties.Thecountryhasover17,000islands.Mostpeoplet____85____byboatandtheyalsocarrytheirbooksbyboat.Alibraryboatholds(容納)about500booksinboxes.Boxesofbooksareleftinvillagesandaretraded(交換)fornewbooksafewweeksl____86____.Forpeoplewholivefarandcan’tgettoalibrary,alibrarythatcomestothembringsmorethanbooks.Itbringsawholew_____87_____ofinformation.（2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，在下文空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使短文完整，完整地寫出空缺處各單詞的正確形式。（每空一詞）TheGrandCanal（大運(yùn)河）isaman-madewaterwaythatrunsnorthandsouthineasternChina.Datingback2,500yearsandstretching1,794kilometers,itisamongtheworld’soldestandl___88___canals.YangzhouChinaGrandCanalMuseumislocatedonthebankoftheancientGrandCanalinYangzhou,oneoftheeightc___89___inJiangsuprovincesittingalongtheGrandCanal.Themuseumo___90___itsdoorstothepubliconJune16,2021.Itcoversanareaofsome80,000squaremeters.Ithastwostructures:afour-storybuildinginthes___91___ofagiantshipwaitingtosetsail,anda100-meter-tallTang-Dynasty-styletower.Themuseumhas11themedexhibitions（展覽）.Theyaretellingtheh___92___oftheSui-TangGrandCanalbuiltduringtheSuiandTangDynasties（581-907）,theBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanalandtheEastZhejiangCanal.Thesecanalsofferawealthofhistoricandculturalattractionsw___93___theycontinuetobeusedfortransport,irrigation（灌溉）andfloodcontrol.The25.7-meter-long,8-meter-highancientBianRiversectionisc___94___bymanyasthe“treasureofthemuseum”.Sofar,themuseumhasover10,000exhibits（展品）,including20groupsoflargeones,makingitthebestcollectiontoshowthegrandnessofthecanalandh___95___peoplechangednature.Passingt___96___theexhibitionhallandintotheantiquated（老式的）streets,visitorscanseerestaurantsandshopsalongthestreet,asifwalkinginthewatervillageonthecanalduringtheMingandQingDynasties.YangzhouChinaGrandCanalMuseumisdifferentfromalltheotherm____97____whicharethemedontheGrandCanalinChina.Whynotcomeandvisitityourself?（2022·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文意思和首字母提示，寫出一個(gè)完整正確的單詞。ErhuisoneofthemostimportantChineseinstruments.Ithasahistoryofo____98____1,000years.Iti