高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)外刊閱讀學(xué)案8TipsforLearningaNewSkillEffectively如何高效地學(xué)習(xí)一門新技術(shù)

8TipsforLearningaNewSkillEffectivelyHowcanyoukeepyourmindsharp?KEYPOINTSSettingacleargoalandbreakingaskillintosmallerponentscanhelppeoplelearnnewskills.Practiceforanewskillsshouldbethoughtful,slow,anddeliberateratherthanrushed.Agrowthmindsetisthebeliefthatabilitiesaredevelopedwitheffort.Learningnewskillscanbeagreatwaytokeepanagingbraininshape.Thereisgreatjoyinreinventingyourselfbydiscoveringunfamiliarareasofexpertise.Herearesomegeneralguidelinesforhowtolearnanewskill(Vanderbilt,2021).1.Establishlearninggoals.Havingacleargoalinmindbeforeyoubeginyourjourneyisessential.Givingyourselfsomethingtoworkforisagreatwaytogivemeaningtoyourstudy.Havingnarrowandpreciselydefinedgoalsandquestionsisfarbetterthanbroadlydefinedgoalsandquestions.Welldefinedandachievablegoalsfuelmotivation.2.Startsmall.Breakingtheskillintosmallchunksandmasteringthemoneatatimeuntiltheactbeesautomaticisaneffectivewayoflearning.Smallergoalsareeasiertoreachandincreaseyourmotivation.Smallstepsmaketheskillseemeasierinthebeginning.3.Rememberwhyyou’redoingit.Itisimportantforpeopletoshieldtheircrucialgoalsfrompetinggoalsduringgoalpursuit.Onewaytoacplishthisisbyremindingyourselfofitsimportance.Obstaclessuchasselfdoubtcandeterpeoplefromtakingupnewpursuitsasadults.Negativeselftalkcanmanifestinavarietyofways(e.g.,what’sthepointofstartingsomethingnewwhenyouknowyou’llneverbegreatatit?’,or‘Itistoolate’,etc.).Youarelearninganewskillforyourpersonalgrowth(Painter,2019).Learningnewskillschangesthewayyouthinkorthewayyouseetheworld.Forexample,learningtoplayaninstrumentchangesthewayyoulistentomusic.4.Thepowerofintrinsicmotivation.Dosomethingbecauseyouloveit.Intrinsicmotivationreferstowantingtodosomethingforitsownsake.Thefocusisonthepleasurethatarisesfromtheactofdoingsomethingratherthanachievingsomeultimategoal.Activitiessuchasmusicandthearts,reading,intellectualdiscovery,sports,andahostofotherfulfillingpursuitsareoftensustainedbythejoyoftheactivityitself.5.Mentalrepresentations.Amentalrepresentationshowsyouwhatyouaresupposedtobedoing.Mentalrepresentationsmakeitpossibletomonitorhowoneisdoing,bothinpracticeandinactualperformance.Forexample,inmusic,mentalrepresentation(howthepieceshouldsound)allowsexpertmusicianstoduplicatethesoundsofapiecethattheywanttoproducewhiletheyplay.Studentswithbettermentalrepresentationsofthemusicarebetteratcorrectingmistakesinpractice.6.Thoughtfulpractice.Thoughtfulpracticeispurposefulandknowswhereitisgoingandhowtogetthere.Practicingasuboptimaltechniquecouldleadtosuboptimalresults.Beingdeliberaterequiresyoutoslowitdown.Whenyouworkslowly,thingsbeesimpler.Newinformationneedstobelearnedslowly.Youdon’tperformbetterwhenyouspeedthroughacourse.7.Adoptagrowthmindset.A‘growthmindset’referstothebeliefthatabilitiesarenotfixedbutcanimprovewitheffort(Dweck,2006).Justbecauseyouarenotimmediatelygoodatsomethingdoesn’tmeanyouwon’tbeeventually.We’rebadateverythingbeforewe’regoodatit.8.Theadvantagesofbeinganadultlearner.Asweage,wearemorelikelytotakeastepbackandseethebigpicture.Asweage,wetendtoforgetthedetailsofeventsmorereadilythanwhenwewereyounger.Atthesametime,wedoanexcellentjobextractingthepoint,orthegeneraltheme,ofthosesameevents.Whileyoungchildrenpickupnewskillsmoreeasily,theyalsohavemoretroublewithseeingthebigpictureandcontrollingtheirimpulses.Thetakehomelessonisthattokeepourmindsharpinolderageweneedtoengageinnewchallenges.Lifelonglearnersgetgreatsatisfactionfrompushingthemselvestodevelopnewskills.Exercise1：英譯漢翻譯練習(xí)thoughtfulpreciselydefinedgoalsremindyourselfofitsimportanceObstacletakingupnewpursuitsplayaninstrumentintrinsicmotivationforitsownsakemonitorduplicateThoughtfulpracticepurposefulsuboptimaltechniqueAdoptagrowthmindsetThetakehomelessonkeepourmindsharpengageinnewchallengesExercise2：漢譯英翻譯練習(xí)沉思的精確定義的目標(biāo)提醒你自己它的重要性障礙從事新的事業(yè)演奏樂器內(nèi)在動機純粹為此而已監(jiān)控復(fù)制審慎的實踐有目的的次優(yōu)技術(shù)采用成長心態(tài)帶回家的課保持頭腦清醒參與新的挑戰(zhàn)Exercise3：句子翻譯練習(xí)Thetakehomelessonisthattokeepourmindsharpinolderageweneedtoengageinnewchallenges.Lifelonglearnersgetgreatsatisfactionfrompushingthemselvestodevelopnewskills.—————————————————————————————————————————————————————