高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解之推理判斷題講義

閱讀理解之推理判斷題近三年閱讀理解考點分析卷別新課標I卷新課標I卷全國甲卷全國乙卷年份202320222021202320222021202320222021202320222021推理判斷454544456655詞義猜測111121111111細節(jié)理解9888891066787主旨大意112111032112推理判斷題的正確選項特征1.同義替換：對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進行替換，成為正確選項2.正話反說：把原文中的意思反過來表達而成為正確選項。3.語言簡化：把原文中復(fù)雜的語言現(xiàn)象進行簡化，設(shè)置為答案。4.詞性或語態(tài)的變化：改變原文重點詞性或語態(tài)，給考生制造了某些障礙。推理判斷題的干擾選項特征1.張冠李戴：為原文內(nèi)容，但與題目文不對題，不符合題目要求。2.偷梁換柱：在意思上與原文非常相似但在某個細節(jié)上有變動。3.正誤參半：選項內(nèi)容部分正確，部分錯誤。4.顛倒是非：與原文意思大相徑庭或完全相反。5.無中生有：符合常識但與原文不符或原文并未提及。6.擴縮范圍：以偏概全或以全概偏。一、隱含推斷題impliedquestion鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：一般包括六個動詞：infer(推斷)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，assume(假定，設(shè)想)和conclude(推斷，做出結(jié)論)。常有can,could,probably,likely等常見的設(shè)問方式有：Whatcanweinferfromparagragh3?Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?【真題典例】（2023年全國甲卷D篇）...Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites,grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractantfreeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,"saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies. B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C.Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies. D.Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.【追蹤訓(xùn)練1】（2023年新高考I卷B篇）WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems...Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions...24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.【追蹤訓(xùn)練2】（2022年全國乙卷D篇）Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(設(shè)施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashortsighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers（制造業(yè)）. D.Itupsetscustomers.【追蹤訓(xùn)練3】（2021年英語全國甲卷C篇）WhenIwas9,wepackedupourhomeinLosAngelesandarrivedatHeathrow,LondononagrayJanuarymorning.Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue—skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.UntilImadeadiscovery.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorsoonafterhemovedtoLondon?A．Hefeltdisappointed. B．Hegaveuphishobby.C．Helikedtheweatherthere. D．Hehaddisagreementswithhisfamily【追蹤訓(xùn)練4】（2023年新高考I卷D篇）【4】Inafollowupstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?34.Whatdidthefollowupstudyfocuson?A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.二、寫作意圖題intention寫作意圖題要求考生根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容揣測作者的寫作意圖，具體包括文章整體的寫作意圖或者某一細節(jié)的寫作意圖。鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：purpose（目的），intendto（打算），wanttotellus...（想要告訴我們），writethispassageto（寫這篇文章為了）常見的設(shè)問方式有：Whydoestheauthordiscuss/mention...inparagraph...?Whatisthe(author’s)purposeofthistext?Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioning...?根據(jù)文體的特點和用途來推斷作者的寫作目的：1.記敘文，特別是個人的有趣經(jīng)歷或幽默故事類的文章——娛樂讀者；(tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience;totellusafunnystory;todescribeanunusualexperience;toshowsb’sdislikeforsth)2.夾敘夾議文——讓讀者得到某種啟示或教育；(tointroducethereaderssomeinformation;tosharealessonsblearned;togiveabriefintroductionofsth;toreportsth)3.廣告和議論文——說服讀者接受某種產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)或接受某種觀點；(tosell,toattract,topersuade,topromote...)4.科普說明文或新聞報道——告知讀者某些信息(tointroduce,toexplain,toinform,tomakeparisons...)【真題演練】（2023年新高考I卷B篇）Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.HealsodesignedanecomachinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TopareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.【追蹤訓(xùn)練1】（2023年全國甲卷C篇）Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosopher’sworkinthecontext(背景)ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.29.Whydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinparagraph4?A.TopareWeinerwiththem. B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.C.Topraisetheirwritingskills. D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeinersbook.【追蹤訓(xùn)練2】（2023年全國乙卷D篇）Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnonliteratehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.33.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A.Hisreportwasscientific. B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay. D.Hisrecordwasonesided.【追蹤訓(xùn)練3】（2023年新高考I卷C篇）【1】Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.【5】Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培養(yǎng))asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle....28.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills. B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems. D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.【追蹤訓(xùn)練4】（2023年新高考II卷C篇）Continueddevelopmentsinmunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21stcenturypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybatterypoweredereader.31.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningtheereader?A.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate. B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked. D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.三、觀點態(tài)度題attitude推理判斷之觀點態(tài)度考點是高考中的常考點。觀點態(tài)度題要求考生推斷文中人物對某事所持的觀點或態(tài)度；推斷作者對某事物所持的觀點與態(tài)度。常見的設(shè)問方式有：推斷人(事)物品質(zhì)Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribe...?推斷態(tài)度觀點What’sthewriter'sattitudetowards...?Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?What’sXX’sattitudetowardsAmerica'sfuture?注意熟悉一些常見的有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語。褒義詞有：supportive(支持的)；positive(積極的)；optimistic(樂觀的)；enthusiastic(熱情的)等。貶義詞有：negative(否定的，消極的)；ironic(諷刺的)；critical(批評的)；disgusted(厭惡的)；disappointed(失望的)等。中性詞有：indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)；uninterested(不感興趣的)；objective(客觀的)；neutral(中立的)等。注意熟悉一些描寫人物事物特征的形容詞詞語。generous慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的;苛求的;需要高技能(或耐性等)的;費力的;要求極嚴的;難滿足的；impatient不耐煩的；outgoing外向的；easygoing隨和的；organized有條理的；modest謙虛的；optimistic樂觀的；cautious小心，謹慎的；caring樂于助人的;關(guān)心他人的;體貼人的；skillful熟練的;靈巧的;擅長于(at;in);制作精巧的；responsible負責(zé)任的；determined有決心的；modest謙虛的；creative有創(chuàng)造力的；ambitious有雄心的；adventurous冒險的；cooperative有合作意識的；honest誠實的；capableadj.有能力的,有才能的;cooperative有合作意識的；honest誠實的；capableadj.有能力的,有才能的；confidentadj.自信的；diligentadj.勤奮的；voluntaryadj.自愿的,主動的；energeticadj.精力旺盛的；humorousadj.幽默的；enthusiasticadj.熱情的；experiencedadj.有經(jīng)驗的；intelligent聰明的;智能的;有才智的;悟性強的;有智力的;有理解和學(xué)習(xí)能力的；grateful感激的；helpful有幫助的；talkative健談的；athletic運動型;體育運動的;健壯的；patient有耐心的；innovative創(chuàng)新的；tolerant忍受的；positive積極的；mitted堅信的;盡心盡力的;堅定的；considerate體貼的；ashamed慚愧的;regretful后悔的；disappointed失望的；amazed吃驚的；satisfied滿意的；disappointed失望的；shocked震驚的；overjoyed過度高興的；pleased滿意的；indifferent冷漠的；sorrowful悲傷的；sympathetic同情的；hardworking勤勞的；embarrassed尷尬的；proud自豪的；energetic充滿活力的；courageous勇敢的;無畏的；independent獨立的；sensitive敏感的?！菊骖}演練】（2023年全國乙卷B篇）...However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路線)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.27.HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLake?A.Amusing. B.Satisfying. C.Encouraging. D.forting.【追蹤訓(xùn)練1】（2023年新高考I卷D篇）【4】Inafollowupstudywith100universitystudents,Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecisionmakingareenormous.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.【追蹤訓(xùn)練2】（2023年新高考II卷B篇）Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.“Wehavestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey’reeatingdifferently,”Jaramillosays.Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?A.Farreaching. B.Predictable. C.Shortlived. D.Unidentifiable.【追蹤訓(xùn)練3】（2023年全國乙卷C篇）②It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeatandtwovegandreadymademealsandbeingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits...③Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore....29.WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrammesonBritishTV?A.Authoritative. B.Creative. C.Profitable. D.Influential.【追蹤訓(xùn)練4】（2023年1月·浙江卷B篇）Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadmentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.25．Whatwastheattitudeoftheauthor’sfathertowardbuyinggrocerieswithjars?A．Hedisapprovedofit. B．Hewasfavorabletoit.C．Hewastolerantofit. D．Hedidn’tcareaboutit.四、寫作方法題method通過閱讀理解中，推斷文章寫作方法考查考生的基本的寫作技能，在新高考命題中很可能會出現(xiàn)。推斷文章寫作方法的命題依據(jù)是：新課程標準中要求學(xué)生掌握：常見文章文體的寫作方法。因此，推斷文章寫作方法的推理判斷題，有可能在2024年高考中將成為高考閱讀理解的題型，應(yīng)該倍加注意。常見的設(shè)問方式：（1）Howisthepassageorganized?（2）Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby_________.（3）Thefirstparagraphservesasa（n）

__________.（4）Theexampleof…isgiventoshow/illustratethat__________.了解文章的修辭手法從修辭手法上講，在高考閱讀中主要考查下定義、分類說明、列舉例證和對比等寫作手法。作對比Bymakingparisons. 舉例子Bygivingexamples.分析原因Byanalyzingcauses. 列數(shù)字Bylistingfigures.下定義Byprovidingdefinitions【追蹤訓(xùn)練1】（2023屆安徽省A10聯(lián)盟高考最后一卷）Mostmerciallyavailableportabledesalinationunitsusefiltersthatrequirehighpressurepumpstopushthewater,whichmakesthemhugeinsizeandlessenergyefficient.ThefilterlessMITdevicewillallowittobeusedinremoteorresourcelimitedplaceslikesmallislands,ships,andevenforemergencyuse.2．Howisthethirdparagraphdeveloped?A．Bymakingparisons. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byanalyzingcauses. D．Bylistingfigures.【追蹤訓(xùn)練2】（2023屆廣東省惠州市高三5月二模）Thevalueofthewasteisabout$162billion.Abouthalfendsupincitylandfills(垃圾填埋場).Itcostslocalgovernmentabout$1.5billionayeartodealwiththem.Thereportsaysthatonethirdofallfoodintheworldisnevereaten.Thefullcostoftheworld’sfoodwastecanbe$400billionayear.Billionscanbesavediftheamountoffoodwasteisreduced.Mostofthefoodisthrownawaybyshopkeepersandconsumersinwealthynations.Ifitissaved,itcouldfeed870millionhungrypeopleoftheworld.Afamilyoffourwastesabout$1,600worthoffoodeachyear.4．HowisParagraph2developed?A．Bylistingdata. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byprovidingdefinitions. D．Bymakingparisons.【追蹤訓(xùn)練3】（2023屆浙江省四校高三5月聯(lián)考）AsanintenseheatwavesweepsthroughChina,residentsareseekingreliefinairraidsheltersandswimmingpoolstostaycool,anddozensofcities,includingShanghai,ChongqingandHangzhou,haveissuedtheirhighestlevelredalertwarnings.Shanghaihasissuedthreeredalertsthisyear,withthetemperaturehitting40.9CelsiusonJuly13,matchingtherecordsetin2017since1873.ThefactthatShanghaihasexperiencedonly16daysof40°Cplustemperaturessincethecitybegankeepingrecordsin1873shouldgiveusanideaabouttheseriousnessofthesituation.Extremeheatevents,whichbeganamonthago,haveaffectedthelivesofmorethan900millionpeopleinChina.BetweenJune1andJuly12,theaveragenumberofdayswithtemperaturesabove35°Cwas5.3,up2.4daysovernormalyears,breakingthenationalrecordsetin1961,accordingtotheNationalClimateCenter.2．Howdoestheauthordevelopthetext?A．Byanalyzingandconcluding. B．Byexplainingandcontrasting.C．Bygivingexamplesandquoting. D．Bygivingfiguresandparing.五、預(yù)測推斷題indicate推理判斷之推斷文章走勢考點是高考中可能考的考點。在當(dāng)今高考的新改革時代，考查學(xué)生的預(yù)測推斷是新課標中的要求，很有可能在高考中出現(xiàn)。預(yù)測在2024高考中，推斷文章走勢有可能在高考閱讀理解中呈現(xiàn)。常見的設(shè)問方式有：1.Whatwillbediscussedfurtherintheingparagraph?2.Whatmaytheresearchersdonextaccordingtothelastparagraph?3.Whatwouldtheauthormostprobablydiscussnext?4.Wheredoesthearticlegonext?5.Whatwouldthefollowingparagraphtalkabout?【真題演練】（2023年全國乙卷C篇）TheUK’sobsession(癡迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.31.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.Theartofcookinginothercountries. B.MalechefsonTVprogrammes.C.TablemannersintheUK. ``D.Studiesofbigeaters.【追蹤訓(xùn)練1】（廣東省茂名市五校聯(lián)盟第二次聯(lián)考）Intheend,italldependsonyou.Whetherornotyoursearchforafriendbearsfruitliesinyourapproach,andthoughI'mnotagreatrelationshipmaster,Ihavesometipsthatwillaidyouinyourexplorationforthe"BFF"ofyourdreams.4．Whatdoyouthinkthetextwilltalkaboutnext?A．Howtogetonwellwithonlinefriends. B．Howtofindonlinebestfriends.C．Howtokeepintouchwithonlinefriends. `D．Howtobenefitfromdreamonlinefriends.【追蹤訓(xùn)練2】（2023屆山西省長治市三模聯(lián)合考試）Giddingsexplained:“We’rebringingtogetherdifferentpeoplewithdifferentexpertise,suchthatIthinkit’sgoingtohavesomegreatresultsandimpacts.We’llbineresultsfromthisexperimentwithanolderfieldstudyandputermodelsthatwillallowustomakeprogressonunderstandinghowthedyedfreshwaterspread.”31．Whatwillresearchersprobablydonext?A．Buildmorescientificputermodels. B．Experimentwithdyesofdifferentcolors.C．Makeafurtherresearchintotheresults. D．Discusstheresultswithdifferentexperts.六、文章來源題source文章來源題要求考生推斷文章出處，即通過閱讀材料，感知內(nèi)容，從而推斷材料的來源。推斷文章來源的方法：1.要求考生廣泛閱讀，了解各種文體的特點，清楚各種文體的常用格式，這樣才能對號入座；2.通讀文章內(nèi)容，了解文章的體裁，清楚文章內(nèi)容的方向。常見的設(shè)問方式有：1.Whatisthetext?2.Whoisthetextintendedfor?3.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?4.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?5.Wherecanthetextbefound?6.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?7.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?應(yīng)用文類guidebook(旅游指南);advertisement(廣告);announcement(公告); atravelbrochure(旅游手冊);academicarticle(學(xué)術(shù)文章)記敘文類autobiography(自傳); sciencefiction(科幻小說);novel(小說); diary(日記); children’sliterature(兒童文學(xué)); 說明文類abookreview(書評);abiologytextbook(生物書);asciencereport(科學(xué)報道);asciencemagazine(科學(xué)雜志);ahealthmagazine(健康雜志); 【真題演練】（2023年全國乙卷D篇）①Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.35.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld B.AShortHistoryofAustraliaC.AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects D.HowArtWorksTellStories【追蹤訓(xùn)練1】（2023年新高考II卷C篇）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,...Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinaway...28.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook. B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum. D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.【追蹤訓(xùn)練2】（2022年新高考I卷A篇）GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90100,A;8089,B;7079,C;6069,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillbinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.21．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook. B．Anexampaper. C．Acourseplan. D．Anacademicarticle.【追蹤訓(xùn)練3】（2018年全國II卷B篇）[1]ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.[2]Ofthemonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質(zhì)),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質(zhì)).27．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Abiologytextbook. B．Ahealthmagazine.C．Aresearchpaper. D．Atravelbrochure.七、文章結(jié)構(gòu)題structure通過閱讀理解中，推斷文章結(jié)構(gòu)考查考生的整體觀，從全局看問題的能力，在新高考命題中很可能會出現(xiàn)。推斷文章結(jié)構(gòu)的命題依據(jù)是：新課程標準中要求學(xué)生掌握：主要語篇結(jié)構(gòu)特征。因此，推斷文章結(jié)構(gòu)的推理判斷題，有可能在2024年高考中將成為高考閱讀理解的題型，應(yīng)該倍加注意。常見的設(shè)問方式有：（1）Howisthepassageorganized?（2）Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructure/organizationofthepassage?1、記敘文可以采取以時間為序、以地點為序、以故事情節(jié)發(fā)展為序（開端、發(fā)展、高潮、結(jié)局）等敘事方式進行寫作。以故事情節(jié)為序又可以不按照時間的先后順序敘述，比如，先寫結(jié)局，再寫其他，最后寫高潮，這種敘事手法叫做倒敘。2、議論文總體上可以分為四類：第一類，“提出論點——分論點一——分論點二——分論點三……——結(jié)論”；第二類，“引入段——導(dǎo)出論點——分點論述——結(jié)論”；第三類，“提出問題——分析問題——解決問題”；第四類，“提出反面觀點——批駁反面觀點——提出正面觀點”。3、說明文往往采取下定義、舉例子、列數(shù)字、對比或比較等說明方式進行寫作，而這些說明方式都是為了使文章要說明的內(nèi)容或問題更加清晰明了、真實可信，或者更具說服力?！咀粉櫽?xùn)練1】（2023屆江西省贛州市高三下學(xué)期二模）Sleepisreparative.Becauseweneedtorepairalotwhilewesleep,it’simportanttogetqualitysleep.Mostofusfunctionbetterinthedaytimewithroutines.Wealsofunctionbetteratnightwitharoutinebecausewewanttokeeppacewithournaturalbodyrhythms.Eachperson’sroutinemaybedifferent—somepeoplewashtheirfaceatnight,andsometakeabath—justmakesureitisaroutine.That’strueduringtheweekandontheweekend;consistencymatters.Haveawindingdown,gettingreadyforsleeproutine,andcarrythatoutatthesametimeeverynight.Findthingsthatarerelaxingandhelpslowyoudownforsleep.Thatmaybereading,listeningtomusic,meditating,praying—anythingthat’srelaxingwhilealsobeingconstructiveorhealthy.Typically,peoplerelaxandtendtosloweverythingdownatbedtime.Astheyrelax,theytakedeeperbreaths,increasingoxygenflow,whichraisestheirskintemperature.Thisisoneofthekeyreasonswhywesleepbetterinacoolerenvironment.Ifyourskintemperatureincreasesandyourroomisalreadyabitwarm,youwillbetoohottosleepwell.Theexacttemperatureisapersonalmatter.Thekeyisthatit’smoretowardcoolthanhot.Manyconsider68degreesanenvironmentthat’sneithersocoldweshivernorsohotwesweat.Butthere’snoscientificevidenceforanexact,perfectsleepingtemperature.Attheendoftheday,sleepisabsolutelycrucialforsomanyreasons.Ithelpsusrepairandrejuvenatesowecanfightinfection,concentrate,regulateourmoods,showupforourselvesandthepeopleinourlives,andbasicallyfunctionashumans.Wecan’tmakeuplostsleep,contrarytowhatmanyanightowlmightthink.So,it’sreallyhightimeweshoulddoallwecantofosterthebestsleeppossible,startingwithacoolroomandrelaxingbedtimeroutine.What’sthestructureofthetext?【追蹤訓(xùn)練2】（2023·江西省贛州市期末）You’veprobablyalreadyheardaboutAIpoweredcamerasthatcanrecognizepeoplejustbyanalyzingtheirfacialfeatures,butwhatiftherewasawayforartificialintelligencetofigureoutwhatyoulooklikejustbythesoundofyourvoiceandwithoutparingyourvoicetoadatabase?That’sexactlywhatateamofscientistsatMIThasbeenworkingon,andtheresultsoftheirworkareimpressive.Whiletheirneuralnetwork,namedSpeech2Face,can’tyetfigureouttheexactfacialfeaturesofahumanjustbytheirvoice,itcertainlygetsplentyofdetailsright.Speech2Faceistrainedinthetrainingdata,whichisacollectionofeducationalvideosfromYouTube.“Ourmodelisdesignedtorevealstatisticalconnectionsthatexistbetweenfacialfeaturesandvoicesofspeakersinthetrainingdata,”thecreatorsofSpeech2Facesaid.However,thedatadoesnotrepresentequallytheentireworldpopulation.Therefore,themodelasisthecasewithanymachinelearningmodelisaffectedbythisunevendistributionofdata.Youcantellalotaboutapersonfromthewaytheyspeakalone.Forexample,youcanmostlikelytellifsomeoneismaleorfemale,oriftheyareyoungorold,butSpeech2Facegoesbeyondthat.Itcandeterminefairlyaccuratelytheshapeofsomeone’snose,cheekbonesorjawfromtheirvoicealone,becausethewaythenoseandotherbonesinourfacesarestructureddeterminesthewaywesound.TheracialcharacteristicisalsooneofthethingsSpeech2Facecanfigureoutwithaccuracyfromlisteningtosomeone’svoiceforjustafewmilliseconds,aspeoplewhoefromthesamegroupstendtohavesimilarqualitiesorfeatures.TheAItakesavarietyoffactorsintoaccount,anditsometimesproducesimpressiveresults,butit’sstillaworkinprogress.What’sthestructureofthetext?鞏固練習(xí)【鞏固練習(xí)1】（2023年1月·浙江卷C篇）Amachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.28．WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?A．Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram. B．ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.C．TointroducethedesignerofProjectDebater. D．Toemphasizethefairnessofthepetition.【鞏固練習(xí)2】（2023年全國甲卷C篇）（Para5)Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumorandstraightforwardprose...（Para6)TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.31.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner’sbook?A.Objectiveandplain. B.Daringandambitious.C.Seriousandhardtofollow. D.Humorousandstraightforward【鞏固練習(xí)3】（2023年1月·浙江卷D篇）Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinatorfriendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.34．Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?A．Toconservepollinators. B．Torestrictsolardevelopment.C．Todiversifytheeconomy. D．Toensurethesupplyofenergy.【鞏固練習(xí)4】（2023年2月四省聯(lián)考）In2012,Toumiconsolidatedherdreamtofightthedesert.ShemovedtoTunisia,andsetupaprogrammenamedAcaciasforAlltoputhersustainablefarmingphilosophyintoaction...BySeptember2016,morethan130,000acaciatreeshadbeenplantedon20pilotfarms,withfarmersrecordinga60percentsurvivalrate.Toumiestimatesthatsome3millionacaciatreesareneededtoprotectTunisia’sfarmland.6.WhydidToumisetupAcaciasforAllinTunisia?A.Tocreatejobopportunitiesforyoungpeople. B.Tohelpthechildrenobtainabasiceducation.C.Topersuadethefarmersnottousefertilizers. D.Tofacilitatetheprotectionoftheirfarmland.【鞏固練習(xí)5】（2022年新高考I卷B篇）Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste. B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat. D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.【鞏固練習(xí)6】（2023年全國甲卷B篇）ShecreditstheseskillstoherlategrandfatherandbuilderDerekLloyd.Fromtheageofsix,Terri,now26,acpaniedDerektoworkduringherschoolholidays.Aday’sworkwasrewardedwith￡5inpocketmoney.Shesays:“I'msureIwasn'tmuchofahelptostartwith,paintingtheroomsandputtingdowntheflooringthroughoutthehouse.Ittookweeksanditw