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字母及字母組合發(fā)音規(guī)律總結(jié)單元音[i:]字母組合:eeeaeieei
three[θri:]tree[tri:]meet[mi:t]beef[bi:f]seek[si:k]eat[i:t]tea[ti:]meat[mi:t]leave[li:v]speak[spi:k]he[hi:]she[?i:]me[mi:]piece[pi:s]receive[ri'si:v]ceiling['si:li?]2)[i]發(fā)音字母iyeey
sit[sit]picture['pikt??]listen['lis?n]mix[miks]fix[fiks]miss[mis]myth[miθ]many['meni]happy['h?pi]dictionary['dik??n?ri]defect[di'fekt]decide[di'said]delicious[di'li??s]3)[?]發(fā)音字母aaiactress['?ktris]happy['h?pi]bad[b?d]black[bl?k]glad[ɡl?d]4)[e]字母組合eaea
head[hed]bread[bred]pleasure['ple??]many['meni]any['eni]elephant['elif?nt]electric[i'lektrik]sell[sel]lesson['les?n]5)[?:]字母組合irurearuror
girl[ɡ?:l]shirt[??:t]skirt[sk?:t]bird[b?:d]turn[t?:n]burn[b?:n]murder['m?:d?]nurse[n?:s]learn[l?:n]earn[?:n]earth[?:θ]heard[h?:d]term[t?:m]her[h?:]nerd[n?:d]serve[s?:v]
work[w?:k]worm[w?:m]work[w?:k]world[w?:ld]6)[?]字母組合erorouaroaeu
leader['li:d?]player['plei?]speaker['spi:k?]farmer['fɑ:m?]actor['?kt?]mayor['mε?]author['?:θ?]tractor['tr?kt?]Delicious[di'li??s]gracious['ɡrei??s]familiar[f?'milj?]collar['k?l?]dollar['d?l?]
today[t?'dei]shallop['??l?p]polite[p?'lait]around[?'raund]ago[?'ɡ?u]manta['m?nt?]banana[b?'nɑ:n?]famulus['f?mjul?s]7)[a:]字母組合ara
car[kɑ:]farm[fɑ:m]card[kɑ:d]arm[ɑ:m]garden['ɡɑ:dn]
fast[fɑ:st]class[klɑ:s]last[lɑ:st]glass[ɡlɑ:s]plant[plɑ:nt]8)[?]發(fā)音字母uoouoo
up[?p]supper['s?p?]lunch[l?nt?]fun[f?n]hunt[h?nt]come[k?m]mother['m?e?]brother['br?e?]love[l?v]above[?'b?v]trouble['tr?bl]rough[r?f]blood[bl?d]flood[fl?d]9)[?:]字母組合alorauouraraw
small[sm?:l]wall[w?:l]talk[t?:k]tall[t?:l]hall[h?:l]ball[b?:l]short[??:t]more[m?:]lord[l?:d]horse[h?:s]sport[sp?:t]door[d?:]floor[fl?:]author['?:θ?]caught[k?:t]autumn['?:t?m]four[f?:]mourn[m?:n]court[k?:t]bought[b?:t]
warm[w?:m]quarrel['kw?:r?l]quarter['kw?:t?]
draw[dr?:]saw[s?:]flaw[fl?:][?]發(fā)音字母oa
hot[h?t]lost[l?st]lot[l?t]fox[f?ks]hop[h?p]loss[l?s]
want[w?nt]wash[w??][u:]字母組合ooou
food[fu:d]moon[mu:n]gloom[ɡlu:m]broom[bru:m]doom[du:m]shoe[?u:]do[du:]two[tu:]true[tru:]truth[tru:θ]blue[blu:][u]字母組合ooouuo
look[luk]good[ɡud]foot[fut]book[buk]should[?ud]could[kud]
put[put]full[ful]bull[bul]pull[pul]push[pu?]
woman['wum?n]wolf[wulf]雙元音[ei]發(fā)音字母aayeaaiey
name[neim]cake[keik]late[leit]gate[ɡeit]plane[plein]
play[plei]say[sei]may[mei]way[wei]
great[ɡreit]break[breik]
rain[rein]paint[peint]plain[plein]
they[eei]grey[ɡrei]14)[ai]發(fā)音字母iyieigheye
bike[baik]fine[fain]find[faind]die[dai]light['lait]night[nait]my[mai]try[trai]fly[flai]eye[ai]15)[au]字母組合ouow
out[aut]flour['flau?]ground[ɡraund]account[?'kaunt]loud[laud]flower['flau?]down[daun]now[nau]cow[kau]town[taun]16)[?u]發(fā)音字母oowoa
home[h?um]cold[k?uld]phone[f?un]host[h?ust]ghost[ɡ?ust]
know[n?u]low[l?u]below[bi'l?u]grow[ɡr?u]blow[bl?u]
boat[b?ut]coat[k?ut]goal[ɡ?ul]17)[?i]字母組合oyoi
boy[b?i]toy[t?i]joy[d??i]oil[?il]soil[s?il]voice[v?is]choice[t??is]18)[i?]字母組合eereaear
beer[bi?]deer[di?]ear[i?]idea[ai'di?]near[ni?]fierce[fi?s]19)[ε?]字母組合earair
pear[pε?]bear[bε?]chair[t?ε?]air[ε?]fair[fε?]care[kε?]20)[u?]字母組合ouroorururehour['au?]tour[tu?]poor[pu?]flower['flau?]shower['?au?]Europe['ju?r?p]pure[pju?]輔音
1)[p]penpearplaypigpourpullpush
2)[b]bookbigbootbikebreadbreak
3)[t]treetwotentontowntwentycity
4)[d]doordulldeskdosedodogdictionary
5)[k]kingkitekeylookcookbookkitchensky(發(fā)音字母k)
cardcatcreamcorrectclimbcomeaccountaccept(發(fā)音字母c)
foxboxoxygenx-ray(發(fā)音字母x)
schoolscheduleschema(字母組合ch)
6)[g]girlgoodgoalgoatgradelonglanguage
7)[m]manmakemoonmorningmovecomecomb
8)[n]pentenninefinenightnoonmoonclean
9)[η]unclebankEnglishthinkthankjunk
singkingmorningevening
10)[l]longlandlendlordflyflagblack
worldcoldcouldgoalsoul
11)[r]readredrightrunroomwrite
12)[f]fiveflyfineflagfrogfogroofknifelifewife
coughlaughroughphysicphotophone
13)[v]veryeveningeveneveryvoicevestof
14)[s]sixsitstudentsameseatkissmisscasescarf(發(fā)音字母s)
licensecityceasecedarceilingcelebrate(發(fā)音字母c)
licencepiecejuicesciencelancespaceace(字母組合ce)
15)[z]zoozebrazerozap
closenosehosesupposepausethosewhose
16)[?]thinkthankthreethirtytoothmouth
17)[?]thatthisthosethesethough
18)[?]sheepshouldershipshoeshebrushwash
nationattentionstation
socialspecial
sure
19)[З]pleasure
20)[h]hothophomehousehorsehowwho
21)[w]whenwhatwherewindowwindwood
22)[j]yesyearyellyouyouryolkyellow
23)[t?]childchickenchinachairlunchouchteach(字母組合ch〕
catchwatchmatch〔字母組合tch)
24)[dЗ]agelanguagecabbagevegetablestagebridge
joyenjoyjoinJulyJunejunk
25)[tr]treecountrytrytreattracktrunk
26)[dr]drydreamdropdrivedrink
27)[ts]studentsbootsboatsgoatsnuts
28)[dz]goodswoodsmoodshoods
4容易混淆的輔音
[v][w]
vestwestvetwetvinewineverywell
[s][?]
sinkthinkmassmathmissmythsortsought
[z][?]
closeclothbreezebreathe
[n][η]
thinthingsinsingranrangbanbangwinwing5字母,組合音節(jié)發(fā)音規(guī)律
1〕a[ei][?][?][a:][R]
lateprivategradebakegrapenationstationpage
activehandbankfanparentfamilygladflag
acceptaboutaboveformativemachinecinema
fastlastglassclasspastfather
washwhatwatchwant
2〕e[i:][e][?]不發(fā)音
appreciateextremelysecretshemeheletterleftmessagegeneratepebble
decideprettypreviousresultrestore
problemprosperousstudentconfident
activetablelatewifestorelecture
3〕i[ai][?]
highpricelibraryicecreamwifesizeline
fistpickchickenpianofiancécityunit
4〕o[?u][u:][Λ][?][R]
lodehostcoldnoteokayoldhome
losedowhowhoseprove
lovesomeothermotherhoneycompany
todaytomorrowtogethercontrolcollect
losthotmockofficesofthonest
5〕u[ju:][u][Λ][?]
universityrefuseuniqueuniversehuge
putpushpullfullbull
butbrushbucketduckbubble
supportsuggest
6〕c[k][s]
countrycampcameracouragecable
cityceilingcelebratecellcease
7〕g[g][dЗ][η]
girlgradeglassgladebagflag
villagevegetablebridgegentlemangym
longsongsingmorningevening
8)l[l]讀音不同,注意區(qū)別在音節(jié)前后的發(fā)音
listenlearnlanguagecollectEnglishgorilla
worldcoldsoiltallsellcoolanimal
9)n[n][η]
moonnightnoodlenumber
unclehungryangryyoung
10)r[r]
rightreadwritegradeprogress
cardboarddoorfloorformnorth11〕y[j][?][ai]
yellowyearyellyoungyolk
universitycountryprettyhappy
dykedyingflybuybymy
12〕ar[a:][?][R:]
farmcardgardenmark
dollarpopularsolar
warmquarrelquarter
13)ea[i:][e][ei][i?]
ceaseseasonbreathefeaturemeatplease
breadbreastbreathmeadowweather
greatbreak
idearealize
14)ear[?:][i?]
learnearthearnheard
hearnearclearearfear
15)er[?:][?][i?]
deserveserveherperson
teacherdriverangersinger
seriousexperiencemysteriousfierce
16〕ere[i?][ε?]
heremere
there
17)ir[?:][ai]
shirtgirlskirt
admiredesire[di’zai?]
18)oo[u:][u][Λ][R:]
roomtoolcoolmoonnoongooffood
goodfootstoodwoodwoolcookwoodbook
bloodflood
door[dR:,dR?]floor
19)or[R:][?:][?]
shortformcornbornfor
workworldwormwordworst
tractordoctoractorsectorseniorsenator
20)oor[R:][u?]
doorfloor
moorpoorboor粗野的人
21)our[u?][R:]
hourtourflourbournlour
pourcourtfourmourn哀悼,憂(yōu)傷,服喪
22)ou[au][Λ][?]
housemouthmousesoundfound
enoughtroubletouch
deliciousgraciousprosperous
23)ow[?u][au]
windowmeadowknowshowlow
nowtownhowdowncow
24)s[z][s]
nosesupposeloseposerose
mousehouse
25)th[?][?]〔找不到相應(yīng)的字符表示〕
thankthinkthoughtcloth
clothesthatthisthenthan
26)sion[??n][З?n]
propulsiontensionprogressionpassion
protrusionprovisionconclusiontelevision
27)tion[??n]
stationnationtranslationattentionquestion有一些根本的規(guī)律,比方,元音字母在開(kāi)音節(jié)里發(fā)字母本音,在閉音節(jié)里常發(fā)短音,但是規(guī)律也不是絕對(duì)的6關(guān)于語(yǔ)音的幾個(gè)概念:
Phonics是一種(方法),是教育學(xué)習(xí)者從字母排列中去拼讀出單個(gè)字來(lái).
AHD表示美語(yǔ)發(fā)音,TheAmericanHeritageDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage〔簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)AHD〕
KK音標(biāo)是一套(注音符號(hào)系統(tǒng)),是由JohnSamuelKenyon和JohnAlbertKnott兩位美國(guó)學(xué)者共同編著的發(fā)音詞典APronouncingDictionaryofAmerican1956中用于標(biāo)注美式發(fā)音的符號(hào)系統(tǒng),這是一套最常用的也是最權(quán)威的注音法,從此人們把美語(yǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音慣稱(chēng)為KK音標(biāo)。
DJ是根據(jù)英國(guó)學(xué)者DanielJones編的英語(yǔ)發(fā)音字典(EnglishPronouncingDictionary,1963)中的標(biāo)音而來(lái).
英式讀音根據(jù)的是EnglishPronouncingDictionary《英語(yǔ)正音辭典》。它們代表了被稱(chēng)為“ReceivedPronuciation〞〔RP〕〔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)讀音〕的讀音,這在受過(guò)教育的英國(guó)人尤其是南部英格蘭人中通用。
1888年國(guó)際語(yǔ)音協(xié)會(huì)(InternationalPhoneticAssociation)的語(yǔ)言學(xué)家便制定出一套可國(guó)際通用的語(yǔ)音符號(hào)叫國(guó)際音標(biāo)符號(hào)(IPA—InternationalPhoneticAlphabet),希望以一個(gè)符號(hào)代表一音,并防止各人使用一套自己的符號(hào)所產(chǎn)生的不便。
國(guó)內(nèi)的英文字典里最常見(jiàn)的音標(biāo)為英式發(fā)音的國(guó)際音標(biāo)(DJ)和美式發(fā)音的KK音標(biāo),前者乃根據(jù)DanielJones編的英語(yǔ)發(fā)音字典(EnglishPronouncingDictionary,1963),后者那么是根據(jù)JohnS.Kenyon&ThomasA.Knott二氏的美語(yǔ)發(fā)音字典(APronouncingDictionaryofAmericanEnglish,1956)。值得一提的是,KK音標(biāo)所使用的符號(hào)均從前面提到的國(guó)際音標(biāo)符號(hào)(IPA)而來(lái),Kenyon&Knott二氏僅將其中適用于美式英語(yǔ)的符號(hào)截取出來(lái)。
音素:音的最小單位,英語(yǔ)中有48個(gè)音素.
音節(jié):由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位.
元音:發(fā)音響亮,是樂(lè)音,口腔中氣流不受阻礙,是音節(jié)的主要組成局部.英語(yǔ)中有20個(gè)元音.輔音:發(fā)音不響亮,是噪音,口腔中氣流受到阻礙,不是音節(jié)的重要組成局部,英語(yǔ)中有28個(gè)輔音.
開(kāi)音節(jié):1)輔音+元音+輔音+不發(fā)音ekitecakenamebikemaketakehomeplaneshine
2)輔音+元音hehigonodobetreethreehello
閉音節(jié):輔音+元音+輔音sitbedbadbaghothopletmadmaphead元音+輔音itisofinonupoutant
重讀音節(jié)詞尾的字母組合oo發(fā)音素[u:]的音。如:too(太;也),zoo(動(dòng)物園),room(房間)等;II.在輔音字母f,l,m,n,s前的字母組合oo也發(fā)音素[u:]的音。如:roof(屋頂),sch
ool(學(xué)校),soon(不久),goose(鵝)等.有一個(gè)特例詞要特別注意,它就是:wool[u](羊毛);
III.在字母t前的字母組合oo發(fā)音素[u:]的音。如:boot(靴子),tooth(牙齒),特例詞:foot[u](腳);IV.字母組合oo在字母d和k前發(fā)音素[u]的音。如:good(好),book(書(shū)),look(看),特例詞:food[u:](食物);V.在復(fù)合詞的非重讀音節(jié)中的字母組合oo發(fā)音素[u]的音。如
:bedroom(臥室),classroom(教室)等;VI.在字母l和d之間的字母組合oo發(fā)音素[Λ]的音。
如:blood(血),flood(洪水)等.巧記方法:oo讀長(zhǎng)還是短,記住口訣就簡(jiǎn)單。d,k之前讀短[u],food一詞是特例;t前讀長(zhǎng)[u:],foot需要特殊記;復(fù)合詞中要讀短,其余多數(shù)讀長(zhǎng)[u:];一,元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音a在開(kāi)音節(jié)中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake
在閉音節(jié)中[?e]bagdadhatmapblackback
e在開(kāi)音節(jié)中[i:]hethesemeChinese
在閉音節(jié)中[e]bedletpendeskyesegg
i在開(kāi)音節(jié)中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite
在閉音節(jié)中[i]fishbigdrinksitmilkswim
o在開(kāi)音節(jié)中[?u]thoseclosegohoehom
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