字母及組合發(fā)音規(guī)律

字母及字母組合發(fā)音規(guī)律總結(jié)單元音[i:]字母組合:eeeaeieei

three[θri:]tree[tri:]meet[mi:t]beef[bi:f]seek[si:k]eat[i:t]tea[ti:]meat[mi:t]leave[li:v]speak[spi:k]he[hi:]she[?i:]me[mi:]piece[pi:s]receive[ri'si:v]ceiling['si:li?]2)[i]發(fā)音字母iyeey

sit[sit]picture['pikt??]listen['lis?n]mix[miks]fix[fiks]miss[mis]myth[miθ]many['meni]happy['h?pi]dictionary['dik??n?ri]defect[di'fekt]decide[di'said]delicious[di'li??s]3)[?]發(fā)音字母aaiactress['?ktris]happy['h?pi]bad[b?d]black[bl?k]glad[ɡl?d]4)[e]字母組合eaea

head[hed]bread[bred]pleasure['ple??]many['meni]any['eni]elephant['elif?nt]electric[i'lektrik]sell[sel]lesson['les?n]5)[?:]字母組合irurearuror

girl[ɡ?:l]shirt[??:t]skirt[sk?:t]bird[b?:d]turn[t?:n]burn[b?:n]murder['m?:d?]nurse[n?:s]learn[l?:n]earn[?:n]earth[?:θ]heard[h?:d]term[t?:m]her[h?:]nerd[n?:d]serve[s?:v]

work[w?:k]worm[w?:m]work[w?:k]world[w?:ld]6)[?]字母組合erorouaroaeu

leader['li:d?]player['plei?]speaker['spi:k?]farmer['fɑ:m?]actor['?kt?]mayor['mε?]author['?:θ?]tractor['tr?kt?]Delicious[di'li??s]gracious['ɡrei??s]familiar[f?'milj?]collar['k?l?]dollar['d?l?]

today[t?'dei]shallop['??l?p]polite[p?'lait]around[?'raund]ago[?'ɡ?u]manta['m?nt?]banana[b?'nɑ:n?]famulus['f?mjul?s]7)[a:]字母組合ara

car[kɑ:]farm[fɑ:m]card[kɑ:d]arm[ɑ:m]garden['ɡɑ:dn]

fast[fɑ:st]class[klɑ:s]last[lɑ:st]glass[ɡlɑ:s]plant[plɑ:nt]8)[?]發(fā)音字母uoouoo

up[?p]supper['s?p?]lunch[l?nt?]fun[f?n]hunt[h?nt]come[k?m]mother['m?e?]brother['br?e?]love[l?v]above[?'b?v]trouble['tr?bl]rough[r?f]blood[bl?d]flood[fl?d]9)[?:]字母組合alorauouraraw

small[sm?:l]wall[w?:l]talk[t?:k]tall[t?:l]hall[h?:l]ball[b?:l]short[??:t]more[m?:]lord[l?:d]horse[h?:s]sport[sp?:t]door[d?:]floor[fl?:]author['?:θ?]caught[k?:t]autumn['?:t?m]four[f?:]mourn[m?:n]court[k?:t]bought[b?:t]

warm[w?:m]quarrel['kw?:r?l]quarter['kw?:t?]

draw[dr?:]saw[s?:]flaw[fl?:][?]發(fā)音字母oa

hot[h?t]lost[l?st]lot[l?t]fox[f?ks]hop[h?p]loss[l?s]

want[w?nt]wash[w??][u:]字母組合ooou

food[fu:d]moon[mu:n]gloom[ɡlu:m]broom[bru:m]doom[du:m]shoe[?u:]do[du:]two[tu:]true[tru:]truth[tru:θ]blue[blu:][u]字母組合ooouuo

look[luk]good[ɡud]foot[fut]book[buk]should[?ud]could[kud]

put[put]full[ful]bull[bul]pull[pul]push[pu?]

woman['wum?n]wolf[wulf]雙元音[ei]發(fā)音字母aayeaaiey

name[neim]cake[keik]late[leit]gate[ɡeit]plane[plein]

play[plei]say[sei]may[mei]way[wei]

great[ɡreit]break[breik]

rain[rein]paint[peint]plain[plein]

they[eei]grey[ɡrei]14)[ai]發(fā)音字母iyieigheye

bike[baik]fine[fain]find[faind]die[dai]light['lait]night[nait]my[mai]try[trai]fly[flai]eye[ai]15)[au]字母組合ouow

out[aut]flour['flau?]ground[ɡraund]account[?'kaunt]loud[laud]flower['flau?]down[daun]now[nau]cow[kau]town[taun]16)[?u]發(fā)音字母oowoa

home[h?um]cold[k?uld]phone[f?un]host[h?ust]ghost[ɡ?ust]

know[n?u]low[l?u]below[bi'l?u]grow[ɡr?u]blow[bl?u]

boat[b?ut]coat[k?ut]goal[ɡ?ul]17)[?i]字母組合oyoi

boy[b?i]toy[t?i]joy[d??i]oil[?il]soil[s?il]voice[v?is]choice[t??is]18)[i?]字母組合eereaear

beer[bi?]deer[di?]ear[i?]idea[ai'di?]near[ni?]fierce[fi?s]19)[ε?]字母組合earair

pear[pε?]bear[bε?]chair[t?ε?]air[ε?]fair[fε?]care[kε?]20)[u?]字母組合ouroorururehour['au?]tour[tu?]poor[pu?]flower['flau?]shower['?au?]Europe['ju?r?p]pure[pju?]輔音

1)[p]penpearplaypigpourpullpush

2)[b]bookbigbootbikebreadbreak

3)[t]treetwotentontowntwentycity

4)[d]doordulldeskdosedodogdictionary

5)[k]kingkitekeylookcookbookkitchensky(發(fā)音字母k)

cardcatcreamcorrectclimbcomeaccountaccept(發(fā)音字母c)

foxboxoxygenx-ray(發(fā)音字母x)

schoolscheduleschema(字母組合ch)

6)[g]girlgoodgoalgoatgradelonglanguage

7)[m]manmakemoonmorningmovecomecomb

8)[n]pentenninefinenightnoonmoonclean

9)[η]unclebankEnglishthinkthankjunk

singkingmorningevening

10)[l]longlandlendlordflyflagblack

worldcoldcouldgoalsoul

11)[r]readredrightrunroomwrite

12)[f]fiveflyfineflagfrogfogroofknifelifewife

coughlaughroughphysicphotophone

13)[v]veryeveningeveneveryvoicevestof

14)[s]sixsitstudentsameseatkissmisscasescarf(發(fā)音字母s)

licensecityceasecedarceilingcelebrate(發(fā)音字母c)

licencepiecejuicesciencelancespaceace(字母組合ce)

15)[z]zoozebrazerozap

closenosehosesupposepausethosewhose

16)[?]thinkthankthreethirtytoothmouth

17)[?]thatthisthosethesethough

18)[?]sheepshouldershipshoeshebrushwash

nationattentionstation

socialspecial

sure

19)[З]pleasure

20)[h]hothophomehousehorsehowwho

21)[w]whenwhatwherewindowwindwood

22)[j]yesyearyellyouyouryolkyellow

23)[t?]childchickenchinachairlunchouchteach(字母組合ch〕

catchwatchmatch〔字母組合tch)

24)[dЗ]agelanguagecabbagevegetablestagebridge

joyenjoyjoinJulyJunejunk

25)[tr]treecountrytrytreattracktrunk

26)[dr]drydreamdropdrivedrink

27)[ts]studentsbootsboatsgoatsnuts

28)[dz]goodswoodsmoodshoods

4容易混淆的輔音

[v][w]

vestwestvetwetvinewineverywell

[s][?]

sinkthinkmassmathmissmythsortsought

[z][?]

closeclothbreezebreathe

[n][η]

thinthingsinsingranrangbanbangwinwing5字母，組合音節(jié)發(fā)音規(guī)律

1〕a[ei][?][?][a:][R]

lateprivategradebakegrapenationstationpage

activehandbankfanparentfamilygladflag

acceptaboutaboveformativemachinecinema

fastlastglassclasspastfather

washwhatwatchwant

2〕e[i:][e][?]不發(fā)音

appreciateextremelysecretshemeheletterleftmessagegeneratepebble

decideprettypreviousresultrestore

problemprosperousstudentconfident

activetablelatewifestorelecture

3〕i[ai][?]

highpricelibraryicecreamwifesizeline

fistpickchickenpianofiancécityunit

4〕o[?u][u:][Λ][?][R]

lodehostcoldnoteokayoldhome

losedowhowhoseprove

lovesomeothermotherhoneycompany

todaytomorrowtogethercontrolcollect

losthotmockofficesofthonest

5〕u[ju:][u][Λ][?]

universityrefuseuniqueuniversehuge

putpushpullfullbull

butbrushbucketduckbubble

supportsuggest

6〕c[k][s]

countrycampcameracouragecable

cityceilingcelebratecellcease

7〕g[g][dЗ][η]

girlgradeglassgladebagflag

villagevegetablebridgegentlemangym

longsongsingmorningevening

8)l[l]讀音不同,注意區(qū)別在音節(jié)前后的發(fā)音

listenlearnlanguagecollectEnglishgorilla

worldcoldsoiltallsellcoolanimal

9)n[n][η]

moonnightnoodlenumber

unclehungryangryyoung

10)r[r]

rightreadwritegradeprogress

cardboarddoorfloorformnorth11〕y[j][?][ai]

yellowyearyellyoungyolk

universitycountryprettyhappy

dykedyingflybuybymy

12〕ar[a:][?][R:]

farmcardgardenmark

dollarpopularsolar

warmquarrelquarter

13)ea[i:][e][ei][i?]

ceaseseasonbreathefeaturemeatplease

breadbreastbreathmeadowweather

greatbreak

idearealize

14)ear[?:][i?]

learnearthearnheard

hearnearclearearfear

15)er[?:][?][i?]

deserveserveherperson

teacherdriverangersinger

seriousexperiencemysteriousfierce

16〕ere[i?][ε?]

heremere

there

17)ir[?:][ai]

shirtgirlskirt

admiredesire[di’zai?]

18)oo[u:][u][Λ][R:]

roomtoolcoolmoonnoongooffood

goodfootstoodwoodwoolcookwoodbook

bloodflood

door[dR:,dR?]floor

19)or[R:][?:][?]

shortformcornbornfor

workworldwormwordworst

tractordoctoractorsectorseniorsenator

20)oor[R:][u?]

doorfloor

moorpoorboor粗野的人

21)our[u?][R:]

hourtourflourbournlour

pourcourtfourmourn哀悼，憂(yōu)傷，服喪

22)ou[au][Λ][?]

housemouthmousesoundfound

enoughtroubletouch

deliciousgraciousprosperous

23)ow[?u][au]

windowmeadowknowshowlow

nowtownhowdowncow

24)s[z][s]

nosesupposeloseposerose

mousehouse

25)th[?][?]〔找不到相應(yīng)的字符表示〕

thankthinkthoughtcloth

clothesthatthisthenthan

26)sion[??n][З?n]

propulsiontensionprogressionpassion

protrusionprovisionconclusiontelevision

27)tion[??n]

stationnationtranslationattentionquestion有一些根本的規(guī)律，比方，元音字母在開(kāi)音節(jié)里發(fā)字母本音，在閉音節(jié)里常發(fā)短音，但是規(guī)律也不是絕對(duì)的6關(guān)于語(yǔ)音的幾個(gè)概念:

Phonics是一種(方法),是教育學(xué)習(xí)者從字母排列中去拼讀出單個(gè)字來(lái).

AHD表示美語(yǔ)發(fā)音,TheAmericanHeritageDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage〔簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)AHD〕

KK音標(biāo)是一套(注音符號(hào)系統(tǒng)),是由JohnSamuelKenyon和JohnAlbertKnott兩位美國(guó)學(xué)者共同編著的發(fā)音詞典APronouncingDictionaryofAmerican1956中用于標(biāo)注美式發(fā)音的符號(hào)系統(tǒng),這是一套最常用的也是最權(quán)威的注音法，從此人們把美語(yǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音慣稱(chēng)為KK音標(biāo)。

DJ是根據(jù)英國(guó)學(xué)者DanielJones編的英語(yǔ)發(fā)音字典(EnglishPronouncingDictionary,1963)中的標(biāo)音而來(lái).

英式讀音根據(jù)的是EnglishPronouncingDictionary《英語(yǔ)正音辭典》。它們代表了被稱(chēng)為“ReceivedPronuciation〞〔RP〕〔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)讀音〕的讀音，這在受過(guò)教育的英國(guó)人尤其是南部英格蘭人中通用。

1888年國(guó)際語(yǔ)音協(xié)會(huì)(InternationalPhoneticAssociation)的語(yǔ)言學(xué)家便制定出一套可國(guó)際通用的語(yǔ)音符號(hào)叫國(guó)際音標(biāo)符號(hào)(IPA—InternationalPhoneticAlphabet)，希望以一個(gè)符號(hào)代表一音，并防止各人使用一套自己的符號(hào)所產(chǎn)生的不便。

國(guó)內(nèi)的英文字典里最常見(jiàn)的音標(biāo)為英式發(fā)音的國(guó)際音標(biāo)(DJ)和美式發(fā)音的KK音標(biāo)，前者乃根據(jù)DanielJones編的英語(yǔ)發(fā)音字典(EnglishPronouncingDictionary,1963)，后者那么是根據(jù)JohnS.Kenyon&ThomasA.Knott二氏的美語(yǔ)發(fā)音字典(APronouncingDictionaryofAmericanEnglish,1956)。值得一提的是，KK音標(biāo)所使用的符號(hào)均從前面提到的國(guó)際音標(biāo)符號(hào)(IPA)而來(lái)，Kenyon&Knott二氏僅將其中適用于美式英語(yǔ)的符號(hào)截取出來(lái)。

音素:音的最小單位,英語(yǔ)中有48個(gè)音素.

音節(jié):由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位.

元音:發(fā)音響亮,是樂(lè)音,口腔中氣流不受阻礙,是音節(jié)的主要組成局部.英語(yǔ)中有20個(gè)元音.輔音:發(fā)音不響亮,是噪音,口腔中氣流受到阻礙,不是音節(jié)的重要組成局部,英語(yǔ)中有28個(gè)輔音.

開(kāi)音節(jié):1)輔音+元音+輔音+不發(fā)音ekitecakenamebikemaketakehomeplaneshine

2)輔音+元音hehigonodobetreethreehello

閉音節(jié):輔音+元音+輔音sitbedbadbaghothopletmadmaphead元音+輔音itisofinonupoutant

重讀音節(jié)詞尾的字母組合oo發(fā)音素[u:]的音。如:too(太;也),zoo(動(dòng)物園),room(房間)等;II.在輔音字母f,l,m,n,s前的字母組合oo也發(fā)音素[u:]的音。如:roof(屋頂),sch

ool(學(xué)校),soon(不久),goose(鵝)等.有一個(gè)特例詞要特別注意,它就是:wool[u](羊毛);

III.在字母t前的字母組合oo發(fā)音素[u:]的音。如:boot(靴子),tooth(牙齒),特例詞:foot[u](腳);IV.字母組合oo在字母d和k前發(fā)音素[u]的音。如:good(好),book(書(shū)),look(看),特例詞:food[u:](食物);V.在復(fù)合詞的非重讀音節(jié)中的字母組合oo發(fā)音素[u]的音。如

:bedroom(臥室),classroom(教室)等;VI.在字母l和d之間的字母組合oo發(fā)音素[Λ]的音。

如:blood(血),flood(洪水)等.巧記方法:oo讀長(zhǎng)還是短,記住口訣就簡(jiǎn)單。d,k之前讀短[u],food一詞是特例;t前讀長(zhǎng)[u:],foot需要特殊記;復(fù)合詞中要讀短,其余多數(shù)讀長(zhǎng)[u:];一,元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音a在開(kāi)音節(jié)中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake

在閉音節(jié)中[?e]bagdadhatmapblackback

e在開(kāi)音節(jié)中[i:]hethesemeChinese

在閉音節(jié)中[e]bedletpendeskyesegg

i在開(kāi)音節(jié)中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite

在閉音節(jié)中[i]fishbigdrinksitmilkswim

o在開(kāi)音節(jié)中[?u]thoseclosegohoehom