數(shù)學(xué)英語詞匯

數(shù)學(xué)英語詞匯表[翻譯必看]·一般詞匯數(shù)學(xué)mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem計算calculation運算operation證明prove假設(shè)hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)命題proposition·算術(shù)arithmetic加plus(prep.),add(v.),addition(n.)被加數(shù)augend,summand加數(shù)addend和sum減minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)被減數(shù)minuend減數(shù)subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.),multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)被乘數(shù)multiplicand,faciend乘數(shù)multiplicator積product除dividedby(prep.),divide(v.),division(n.)被除數(shù)dividend除數(shù)divisor商quotient等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto大于isgreaterthan小于islesserthan大于等于isequalorgreaterthan小于等于isequalorlesserthan運算符operator數(shù)字digit數(shù)number自然數(shù)naturalnumber整數(shù)integer小數(shù)decimal小數(shù)點decimalpoint分數(shù)fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive負negative零null,zero,nought,nil十進制decimalsystem二進制binarysystem十六進制hexadecimalsystem權(quán)weight,significance進位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup有效數(shù)字significantdigit無效數(shù)字insignificantdigit·代數(shù)algebra公式formula,formulae(pl.)單項式monomial多項式polynomial,multinomial系數(shù)coefficient未知數(shù)unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor等式，方程式equation一次方程simpleequation二次方程quadraticequation三次方程cubicequation四次方程quarticequation不等式inequation階乘factorial對數(shù)logarithm指數(shù)，冪exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方thepoweroffour,thefourthpowern次方thepowerofn,thenthpower開方evolution,extraction二次方根，平方根squareroot三次方根，立方根cuberoot四次方根therootoffour,thefourthrootn次方根therootofn,thenthroot集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union補集complement映射mapping函數(shù)function定義域domain,fieldofdefinition值域range常量constant變量variable單調(diào)性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity圖象image數(shù)列，級數(shù)series微積分calculus微分differential導(dǎo)數(shù)derivative極限limit無窮大infinite(a.)infinity(n.)無窮小infinitesimal積分integral定積分definiteintegral不定積分indefiniteintegral有理數(shù)rationalnumber無理數(shù)irrationalnumber實數(shù)realnumber虛數(shù)imaginarynumber復(fù)數(shù)complexnumber矩陣matrix行列式determinant·幾何geometry點point線line面plane體solid線段segment射線radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian銳角acuteangle直角rightangle鈍角obtuseangle平角straightangle周角perigon底base邊side高height三角形triangle銳角三角形acutetriangle直角三角形righttriangle直角邊leg斜邊hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem鈍角三角形obtusetriangle不等邊三角形scalenetriangle等腰三角形isoscelestriangle等邊三角形equilateraltriangle四邊形quadrilateral平行四邊形parallelogram矩形rectangle長length寬width菱形rhomb,rhombus,rhombi(pl.),diamond正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形righttrapezoid等腰梯形isoscelestrapezoid五邊形pentagon六邊形hexagon七邊形heptagon八邊形octagon九邊形enneagon十邊形decagon十一邊形hendecagon十二邊形dodecagon多邊形polygon正多邊形equilateralpolygon圓circle圓心centre(BrE),center(AmE)半徑radius直徑diameter圓周率pi弧arc半圓semicircle扇形sector環(huán)ring橢圓ellipse圓周circumference周長perimeter面積area軌跡locus,loca(pl.)相似similar全等congruent四面體tetrahedron五面體pentahedron六面體hexahedron平行六面體parallelepiped立方體cube七面體heptahedron八面體octahedron九面體enneahedron十面體decahedron十一面體hendecahedron十二面體dodecahedron二十面體icosahedron多面體polyhedron棱錐pyramid棱柱prism棱臺frustumofaprism旋轉(zhuǎn)rotation軸axis圓錐cone圓柱cylinder圓臺frustumofacone球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface外表積surfacearea體積volume空間space坐標系coordinates坐標軸x-axis,y-axis,z-axis橫坐標x-coordinate縱坐標y-coordinate原點origin雙曲線hyperbola拋物線parabola·三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arcsine反余弦arccosine反正切arctangent反余切arccotangent反正割arcsecant反余割arccosecant相位phase周期period振幅amplitude內(nèi)心incentre(BrE),incenter(AmE)外心excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE),orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE),barycenter(AmE)內(nèi)切圓inscribedcircle外切圓circumcircle·統(tǒng)計statistics平均數(shù)average加權(quán)平均數(shù)weightedaverage方差variance標準差root-mean-squaredeviation,standarddeviation比例propotion百分比percent百分點percentage百分位數(shù)percentile排列permutation組合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正態(tài)分布normaldistribution非正態(tài)分布abnormaldistribution圖表graph條形統(tǒng)計圖bargraph柱形統(tǒng)計圖histogram折線統(tǒng)計圖brokenlinegraph曲線統(tǒng)計圖curvediagram扇形統(tǒng)計圖piediagramwaveequation波動方程tangentalequation切線方程quarticequation四次方程式quadraticequation二次方程式magnitudeequation【天】星等差linearequation一次方程式irreducibleequation不可約方程integralequation積分方程indicialequation【數(shù)】指數(shù)方程indeterminateequation不定方程數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)英語Lesson2MathematicsasaLanguageofScienceassertvt.斷言；堅持主張；維護說明qualitativeadj.性質(zhì)的；定性的quantitativeadj.量的；數(shù)量的；定量的；與數(shù)量有關(guān)的astronomyn.天文學(xué)postulate

n.假定,根本條件,根本原理vt.要求,假定vi.要求hypotheticaladj.假設(shè)的,假定的,愛猜測的deductionn.減除,扣除,減除額,推論,演繹inductionn.歸納；歸納法；歸納所得之結(jié)論verificationn.驗證；證實correlatevt.使相互關(guān)聯(lián)vi.和...相關(guān)discardvt.丟棄,拋棄v.放棄discreditn.不信任；失信consistentadj.一致的,調(diào)和的,鞏固的,[數(shù)、統(tǒng)]相容的inadequacyn.不充分,不適當,不適合,缺乏額conic,conicaladj圓錐的；圓錐形的ellipsen.橢圓,橢圓形ellipt(n.)hyperbolicadj.雙曲線的hyperbola(n.)parabolicadj.用寓言表達的:拋物線的，像拋物線的parabola(n.)algebraicadj.代數(shù)的,關(guān)于代數(shù)學(xué)的mineralogyn.礦物學(xué)refraction

n.折光,折射stimulus

n.刺激物,促進因素,刺激,刺激impetus

n.沖力推動力；刺激Lesson3Axioms,definitionsandTheoremsaxiom

n.[數(shù)]公理definition

n.說明；確定定義；界說extravagant

adj.奢侈的,浪費的,過分的,放縱的collinear

adj.在同一直線上的,同線的convex

adj.凸出的；凸面的segment

n.局部；片段；節(jié),弓形；圓缺；弧形,線段conswquently

adv.從而,因此intermsof

adv.根據(jù),按照,用...的話,在...方面pretense

n.主張,要求,偽稱,借口,自稱Lesson4GeometryandGeometricaltermstermn.學(xué)期,期限,期間,條款,條件,術(shù)語trianglen.[數(shù)]三角形,三人一組,三角關(guān)系parallelogram

n.平行四邊形straightangle

n.[數(shù)]平角rightangle

n.直角acuteangle

n.銳角obtuseangle

n.

鈍角reflexangle

n.優(yōu)角rectilinear

adj直線的；由直線組成的；循直線進行的isoscelestriangle

n.

等腰三角形equilateraltriangle

n.

等邊三角形righttriangle

n.直角三角形obtusetriangle

n.鈍角三角形acutetriangle

n.銳角三角形equiangulartriangle

n.

正三角形,等角三角形hypotenuse

n.〔直角三角形的〕斜邊circle

圓center

中心；中央；圓心diameter

n.直徑radius

n.

半徑,范圍,輻射光線,有效航程,范圍,界限circumference

n.

圓周,周圍Lesson5TheMethodofLimitslimit

n.限度,極限,極點infinite

adj.無限的；無窮的infinitesimal

adj.無窮小的,極小的,無限小的calculus

n.微積分學(xué),結(jié)石exemplify

vt.例證,例示,作為...例子inscribe

v.記下polygon

n.[數(shù)]多角形,多邊形diminish

v.(使)減少,(使)變小curvilinear

adj曲線的,由曲線組成的intuition

n.直覺,直覺的知識integral

n.[數(shù)學(xué)]積分,完整,局部defective

adj.有缺陷的,(智商或行為有)欠缺的differentialcoefficient

微分系數(shù)arithmetical

adj.算術(shù)的,算術(shù)上的convergence

n.集中,收斂criterion

n.(批評判斷的)標準,準據(jù),標準sequence

n.次序,順序,序列irrationalnumbers

n.[數(shù)]無理數(shù)domain

，定義域contradiction

矛盾reversal

n.顛倒,反轉(zhuǎn),反向,逆轉(zhuǎn),撤銷Lesson6Functioncontinuousvariable

連續(xù)變量;［連續(xù)變數(shù)］variation

變分,變化interval

區(qū)間independentvariable

自變量dependentvariable

應(yīng)變量rectangularcoordinate

直角坐標abscissa

n.〈數(shù)〉橫坐標ordinate

n.[數(shù)]縱線,縱座標gradient

adj.傾斜的

n.梯度,傾斜度,坡度slope

n.斜坡,斜面,傾斜v.(使)順斜Lesson7DifferentialandIntegralcalculusdifferential

adj.微分的

n.微分(differentiation)Integral

n.[數(shù)學(xué)]積分,完整,局部(integration)calculus

n.微積分學(xué),結(jié)石interrelation

n.

相互關(guān)系trigonometry

n.三角法exponential

adj.指數(shù)的,冪數(shù)的logarithm

n.[數(shù)]對數(shù)derivative

n.導(dǎo)數(shù)；微商tangent

n.切線,[數(shù)]正切counterclockwise

adj.反時針方向的

adv.反時針方向(clockwise)definiteintegral

定積分approximation

n.接近,走近,[數(shù)]近似值culminate

v.到達頂點mean

n.平均數(shù),中間,中庸differential

equation

微分方程extremevalue

n.極值multipleintegral

多重積分doubleintegrallineintegralfunctionalanalysis

泛函分析Lesson8TheConceptofCardinalNumber(I)cardinalnumber

n.基數(shù)〔如：1,2,3,...有別于序數(shù)〕denumerable

adj.可數(shù)的aggregate

n.合計,總計,集合體adj.合計的,集合的,聚合的v.聚集,集合,合計purport

n.主旨v.聲稱fancier

n.空想家,培育動物(或植物)的行家,愛好者sniff

v.用力吸,嗅,聞到,覺察,輕視,用力吸氣n.吸,聞,吸氣聲,嗤之以鼻scheme

n.安排,配置,方案,陰謀,方案,圖解,摘要v.方案,設(shè)計,圖謀,籌劃,*n.〔計算數(shù)學(xué)〕方法，格式superior

n.長者,高手,上級adj.較高的,上級的,上好的,出眾的,傲慢的cumbersome

adj.討厭的,麻煩的,笨重的instruction

n.指示,用法說明(書),教育,指導(dǎo),指令drastically

adv.劇烈地,徹底地conservation

守衡律quadrature

n.求積,求積分interpolation

n.插值extrapolation

n.[數(shù)]外推法,推斷internalpoint

內(nèi)點identical

adj.同一的,同樣的generalizedsolution

廣義解functional

泛函hydrodynamics

流體力學(xué)，水動力學(xué)divergence

發(fā)散〔性〕，梯度，發(fā)散量playanimportant(fundamental...)role

起著重要的〔...〕作用integro-interpolationmethod

積分插值法Variationalmethod

變分方法comparatively

adv.比擬地,相當?shù)豥eficiency

n.缺乏,缺乏fictive

adj.虛構(gòu)的,想象上的,虛偽的self-adjoint(nonself-adjoint)

自治的，自伴的，自共軛的finiteelementmethod

有限元法splineapproximation

樣條逼近Particles-in-the-Cell

網(wǎng)格質(zhì)點法herald

n.使者,傳令官,通報者,先驅(qū),預(yù)兆vt.預(yù)報,宣布,傳達,歡呼advection

n.水平對流phenomenological

adj.現(xiàn)象學(xué)的,現(xiàn)象的fluctuation

n.波動,起伏optimism

n.樂觀,樂觀主義pessimism

n.悲觀,悲觀主義unjustified

adj未被證明其正確的mean-square

均方dispersion

n.[數(shù)]離差,差量Polynomial

nadj.[數(shù)]多項式的interpolation

插值arithmetic

n.算術(shù),算法roundingerrors

舍入誤差multiple

n.倍數(shù),假設(shè)干subjective

adj.主觀的,個人的objective

adj.客觀的,outcome

n.結(jié)果,成果pattern

n.樣品toss

v.投,擲exhaust

vt.用盡,耗盡,抽完,使精疲力盡divisible

adj.可分的dice,die

n.骰子assign

vt.分配,指派attach

vt.縛上,系上,貼上v.配屬,隸屬于pitfall

n.缺陷chairperson

主席mechanics

n.(用作單數(shù))機械學(xué)、力學(xué),(用作復(fù)數(shù))技巧,結(jié)構(gòu)statics

n.[物]靜力學(xué)dynamics

n.動力學(xué)adequately

adv.充分地celestial

adj.天上的macroscopic

adj.肉眼可見的,巨觀的classicalfieldtheory

經(jīng)典場理論rigit

adj.剛硬的,剛性的,嚴格的elastic

adj.彈性的plastic

n.可塑的,塑性的,塑料的quantum

n.量,額,[物]量子,量子論inception

n.起初,獲得學(xué)位pertain

v.適合,屬于gravitation

n.地心吸力,引力作用tide

n.潮,潮汐,潮流,趨勢monumental

adj.紀念碑的,紀念物的,不朽的,非常的encompass

v.包圍,環(huán)繞,包含或包括某事物ingredient

n.成分,因素acquainted

adj.有知識的,知曉的synonymous

adj.同義的configuration

n.構(gòu)造,結(jié)構(gòu),配置,外形reference

n.提及,涉及,參考,參考書目inertia

n.慣性,慣量attribute

特性momentum

n.動量proportional

adj.比例的,成比例的,相稱的,均衡的designate

指明negligible

adj.可以忽略的,不予重視的projectile

n.射彈adj.發(fā)射的ballistics

n.彈道學(xué),發(fā)射學(xué)intractable

adj.難處理的{MechanicsofaParticleinconsequenceof

adv.由于的...緣故exert

vt.盡(力),施加(壓力等),努力v.發(fā)揮,竭盡全力,盡galaxy

n.星系,銀河,一群顯赫的人,一系列光榮奪目的東furnish

vt.供給,提供,裝備,布置v.供給torque

n.扭矩,轉(zhuǎn)矩moment

力矩的friction

摩擦dissipation

n.消散,分散,揮霍,浪費,消遣,放縱,狂飲infer

v.推斷HookesLawandItsConsequenceselasticity

n.彈力,彈性constitutive

adj.構(gòu)成的,制定的atomistic

adj.原子論的crack

n.裂縫,噼啪聲v.(使)破裂,裂紋,(使)爆裂continuummechanics

n.連續(xù)介質(zhì)力學(xué)superposition

n.重疊,重合,疊合strain

n.過度的疲勞,緊張,張力,應(yīng)變vt.扭傷,損傷v.拉緊,扯緊,(使)緊張,盡力thermodynamics

n.[物]熱力學(xué)reckon

vt.計算,總計,估計,猜測vi.數(shù),計算,估計,依賴,料想lesson20strength強度load載荷empirical以經(jīng)驗為依據(jù)的member構(gòu)件isolated孤立的segment局部、段、節(jié)stress應(yīng)力strain應(yīng)變tension拉伸shear剪切bend彎曲torsion扭轉(zhuǎn)、扭力insofar在……范圍cohesive內(nèi)聚性的tensile拉力、張力stiffness硬度furnish供給Lesson23FluidMechanicseruption噴發(fā)、爆發(fā)turbulent湍流laminar層流isothermal等溫isotropic各向同性prevalent普遍的、流行的tornado旋風(fēng)、颶風(fēng)eddy旋渦viscosity粘性、粘度nonviscous無粘性的rotation旋轉(zhuǎn)adiabatic

絕熱的reversible可逆的isentropic等熵的instant

瞬時的streamline流線streamtube流管tangential切線的incompressible不可壓縮的resultant合成的,組合的downstream下游的,順流的elbow彎管,肘similitude相似性hydraulic水力的,水力學(xué)的predominante占主導(dǎo)地位spillway(河或水壩的)放水道,泄洪道prototype原型,樣板Lesson24MechanicalVibrationrepetitive重復(fù)的,反復(fù)的periodic周期的,定期的tidal潮的,像潮的stationary固定的,不動的vibratory振動的,擺動的propagation傳播couple

v.連接,連合acoustic聽覺的,聲學(xué)的annoyance煩惱,困惑adjacent接近的,鄰近的damp阻尼,衰減restore復(fù)職,歸還neutral平衡excitingforce鼓勵力resonantadj.共振的,諧振的stiffness剛度,剛性proportionality成比例地inclusion包含,包括magnitude數(shù)值,大小substantiallyadv.實質(zhì)上的perturb干擾,擾亂resonancen.共振vibratoryadj.振動的,可知的perceptible可見的,可知的adudible聽得見的,可聞的foregoing前述的impulsive沖擊的shock沖擊Fourierseries傅里葉級數(shù)excitation激發(fā),鼓勵discrete別離,離散的contendwith向…作斗爭compressor壓氣機fatigue疲勞perceptible可見的,可知覺的shredder切菜器disposal處理urban都市的metropolitan大都市的at-grade在同一水平面上elevated高架的guideway導(dǎo)軌Lesson25AprefecttotheContinuumMechanicspreface序言continuum連續(xù)pl.continuuarigidbody剛