專題02五選四-2023年中考英語一模試題分項匯編(上海專用)(解析版)

02-2023年上海市初三英語一模真題專項訓(xùn)練之選詞填空Completethefollowingpassagewiththewordsorphrasesinthebox.Eachcanonlybeusedonce（將下列單詞或短語填入空格，每詞只能填一次。）（8分）2023虹口一模A.evenB.traditionC.rarelyD.well-knownE.trainingQueenElizabethIIhadarealloveforanimals.Herfavouritepetsarecorgis（柯基犬）andhorses.Asa____16____,corgisusedtobeworkingdogsinWalesbuttheybecamefamousasTheQueen’spets.TheQueen’sloveforanimalsstartedatayoungagewhenshewasgiftedapuppyfromherfather,GeorgeVI.Forher18thbirthday,PrincessElizabethwasgivenacorginamedSusan.Sheisperhapsthemost____17____ofallthecorgisTheQueenowned.Thatisbecausesheusedtobreed（養(yǎng)育）14generationsofQueenElizabethⅡ’scorgis!Shelovedhercorgissomuchthatthey____18____hadtheirownroomatBuckinghamPalaceandtheirowncook!LotsofpeoplehelpedtotakecareofTheQueen’scorgisovertheyears,includinganexpert（專家）inanimalbehaviorwhocametohelpwith____19____.Itwasreportedthatsheoncesaid,“Mycorgisarefamily.”A.continuedB.eventsC.especiallyD.supportedE.convenientQueenElizabethIIisrememberedasafaithfulpetparent,____20____tohercorgis.Besidespetdogs,shehadalwayslovedhorsestoo.Onceagain,theloveforthehorsesstartedasachild.Whenshewasjustfour,shewasgivenaShetlandpony（雪特蘭馬）asagiftfromhergrandfather,GeorgeV.QueenElizabethⅡwasakeenhorseriderformanyyears.It____21____intohernineties.At96yearsofage,shewenton“agentlerideonherponyatWindsorCastle,”accordingtoPeople.Inaddition,sheusedahorseandcarriagefor____22____likeherbirthdaycelebrations.Inherlife,shealways____23____thesportofhorseracing.ShewasnamedBritishflatracing’sChampionOwnerin1954and1957.【答案】16.B17.D18.A19.E20.C21.A22.B23.D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了英國女王伊麗莎白二世對動物情有獨鐘，她最喜歡的動物是柯基犬和馬。【16題詳解】句意：作為一項傳統(tǒng)，柯基犬曾是威爾士的工作犬，但它們以女王的寵物而聞名。根據(jù)“Asa...corgisusedtobeworkingdogsinWales”以及所給詞可知此處填名詞形式，柯基犬是工作犬，這是一個傳統(tǒng)，tradition“傳統(tǒng)”符合。故選B?！?7題詳解】句意：她可能是女王擁有的所有柯基犬中最有名的。根據(jù)“Sheisperhapsthemost...ofallthecorgisTheQueenowned”以及所給詞可知她是最著名的，well-known“著名的”符合。故選D。【18題詳解】句意：她非常喜歡她的柯基犬，它們甚至在白金漢宮有自己的房間和自己的廚師！根據(jù)“hadtheirownroom”以及所給詞可知它們甚至有自己的房間，even“甚至”符合。故選A?！?9題詳解】句意：多年來，許多人幫助照顧女王的柯基犬，包括一位動物行為專家，他來幫助訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)“anexpert（專家）inanimalbehaviorwhocametohelpwith”以及所給詞可知動物專家?guī)椭?xùn)練，training“訓(xùn)練”符合。故選E?！?0題詳解】句意：女王伊麗莎白二世被人們銘記為忠實的寵物父母，尤其是她的柯基犬。根據(jù)“QueenElizabethIIisrememberedasafaithfulpetparent...tohercorgis”以及所給詞可知她是一個好的寵物父母，尤其是對她的柯基犬，especially“尤其”符合。故選C?！?1題詳解】句意：這一直持續(xù)到她90多歲。根據(jù)“intohernineties”以及所給詞可知她喜歡馬，一直持續(xù)到她90多歲，continued“繼續(xù)”符合。故選A?！?2題詳解】句意：此外，她還用馬和馬車來慶祝生日等活動。根據(jù)“l(fā)ikeherbirthdaycelebrations”以及所給詞可知此處指事件，events“事件”符合。故選B。【23題詳解】句意：在她的一生中，她一直支持賽馬這項運動。根據(jù)“thesportofhorseracing”以及所給詞可知是支持賽馬運動，supported“支持”符合。故選D。2023普陀一模A.excusesB.taketheplaceofC.fearD.consistsofE.solutionsHaveyoueverbeenafraidofflyingwhenyousitonaplane?Ifso,youmayhaveaerophobia.ThewordaerophobiacomesfromGreekandit____16____twoparts:aero,whichmeansflight,andphobia,whichmeansfeelingafraid.Thereareafewthingsyoucandotomaketheprocesseasier.Onewaytohelpyoureducethe____17____offlyingistowatchvideosofplaneslandingsafely.Breathingexercisesarealsothoughtasthebest____18____.Onethingyoumustknowisthatplanestodayareequippedwithmultiplesmartsystems.Thatmeansifonesystemfails,anotherwill____19____ittohelptheplaneflyorlandsafely.【答案】16.D17.C18.E19.B【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了高空恐懼癥以及如何減少飛行恐懼?！?6題詳解】句意：aerophobia這個詞匯來自希臘語，它包括兩部分。根據(jù)“aero,whichmeansflight,andphobia,whichmeansfeelingafraid.”可知，此處表示包括兩部分，consistsof“包括”符合。故選D?！?7題詳解】句意：幫助你減少飛行恐懼的一種方法是觀看飛機安全降落的視頻。根據(jù)“reducethe...offlying”可知，此處指減少飛行恐懼，fear“恐懼”符合。故選C?！?8題詳解】句意：呼吸練習(xí)也被認為是最好的解決方案。根據(jù)“Onewaytohelpyou...”可知，此處介紹的是最好的解決辦法，solutions“解決辦法”符合。故選E。【19題詳解】句意：那意味著如果一種系統(tǒng)失靈了，另一個系統(tǒng)將會替代它幫助飛機安全飛行或者著陸。觀察句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里缺少一個謂語動詞，根據(jù)“another”另一個，可知應(yīng)該是替換，taketheplaceof“替換”符合。故選B。A.continueB.recentlyC.graduateD.rarelyE.recognizeDr.Hassanteachesinauniversityandshehas____20____readaboutaprogrammecalledPayingStudents.Manystudentsdropout（輟學(xué)）ofuniversitybecauseoffinancialproblems.However,shedoesn’tthinkpayingstudentswillencouragethemto____21____theirstudies.Shethinkstheprogrammedoesn’tsolvetherealproblems.Themoneywouldbebetterspentonstudentservices,likehiring（聘用）moreteachersandadvisors.Manystudents____22____managetheirtimeandthisbecamethereasonwhytheydropout.Advisorscanhelpthemlearntomanagetheirtimebetter.Thenstudentswilldobetterandaremorelikelyto____23____.【答案】20.B21.A22.D23.C【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述如何讓因經(jīng)濟困難而輟學(xué)的學(xué)生繼續(xù)他們的學(xué)業(yè)?！?0題詳解】句意：哈桑博士在一所大學(xué)任教，她最近讀到一個名為“為學(xué)生付費”的項目。根據(jù)“shehas...readabout”可以判斷是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，備選詞recently“最近”符合語境，故選B。【21題詳解】句意：然而，她并不認為付費會鼓勵學(xué)生繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)。根據(jù)“Manystudentsdropout（輟學(xué)）ofuniversitybecauseoffinancialproblems.”可知，許多學(xué)生因為經(jīng)濟問題而輟學(xué)，所以討論他們是否繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的問題。故選A?！?2題詳解】句意：許多學(xué)生很少管理他們的時間，這成為他們輟學(xué)的原因。根據(jù)“andthisbecamethereasonwhytheydropout”可知，后面討論輟學(xué)原因，因為許多學(xué)生很少管理他們的時間，rarely“很少”符合語境，故選D?！?3題詳解】句意：這樣學(xué)生就會做得更好，更有可能畢業(yè)。根據(jù)“Thenstudentswilldobetterandaremorelikelyto...”可知，這樣學(xué)生就會做得更好，所以更可能畢業(yè)。故選C。2023楊浦一模FOLLOWTHATCAR!Haveyoueverthoughtofbeingaprivatedetective?A.stillB.pretendsC.probablyD.interviewE.imagineWhenwethinkofprivatedetectives,weusually____32____middle-agedmendressedinbrowncoatsandwearingsofthats.ButasuccessfuldetectiveagencyinthesouthofEnglandhasaspecialgroupof“teendetectives”.OneofthesedetectivesisMarnie,whostartedworkingfortheagencywhileshewas____33____atschool.Herfirstjobwasn’tasadetective—shewasadataclerk.Oneday,oneoftheotherdetectiveswasfollowingasuspectandheaskedMarnietoactashisniece.“Iwasscared,butitwasalsoreallyexciting!”Marnieisnow20yearsold,butsometimesshewearsadisguise[1]and____34____tobeaschoolstudent.“Youngpeoplearebetteratsurveillance[2],”shesays.“Ifyounoticeaschoolgirlstandingonthestreetcorner,you____35____won’tsuspectshe’saprivatedetective!”A.situationB.hiddenC.boringD.safetyE.independentButisn’tthejobverydangerous?“Sometimesitis,butoftenit’sjustvery____36____.Whenyoudosurveillancework,youoftenhavetowaitinoneplaceforhoursandhours.LastweekIwasinmycaroutsidesomeone’shouseforsixhours.BythetimeIhadfinished,thecarwasfullofemptysandwichboxes,drinkscansandmagazines!”Marnie’sboss,theheadofthedetectiveagency,isverycarefultoprotecther____37____.“Mydetectivesalwaysweara‘bug’—a____38____microphone,sothatIcanfollowthemandlistentothem.Ifthe____39____getsdangerous,we’llmoveinveryquickly.”Marnienowconnectsherdetectiveworkwithuniversitystudies.“Manyofthestudentsonmycoursehavepart-timejobswhiletheystudy,butI’mtheonlyprivatedetective!”Wordbox[1]disguisen.偽裝[2]surveillancen.監(jiān)視【答案】32.E33.A34.B35.C36.C37.D38.B39.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了一位青年偵探的偵探工作和感受?！?2題詳解】句意：當(dāng)我們想到私家偵探時，我們通常會想到中年男子穿著棕色外套，戴著軟帽子。根據(jù)“Whenwethinkofprivatedetectives,weusually...middle-agedmen...”可知，此處需填謂語動詞，且時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時。結(jié)合選項和句意可知，imagine“想象”符合語境。故選E?！?3題詳解】句意：其中一名偵探是瑪爾妮，她還在上學(xué)時就開始為該機構(gòu)工作。根據(jù)“whileshewas...atschool”可知，此處需填副詞。結(jié)合句意和選項可知，still“仍然、還”符合語境。故選A?！?4題詳解】句意：瑪妮現(xiàn)在20歲了，但有時她會喬裝打扮，假裝自己是一名學(xué)生。根據(jù)“shewearsadisguise[1]and...tobeaschoolstudent”可知，此處需填謂語動詞，且為一般現(xiàn)在時，動詞用三單形式，與wears并列。結(jié)合句意和選項可知，pretend“假裝”符合語境，pretendtodosth“假裝做某事”。故選B?！?5題詳解】句意：如果你注意到一個女學(xué)生站在街角，你可能不會懷疑她是一個私人偵探！根據(jù)“Ifyounoticeaschoolgirlstandingonthestreetcorner,you...won’tsuspectshe’saprivatedetective!”可知，此處需填副詞。結(jié)合句意和選項可知，probably“可能地”符合語境。故選C?！?6題詳解】句意：有時是，但通常都很無聊。根據(jù)“Sometimesitis,butoftenit’sjustvery...”可知，此處需填形容詞作表語。結(jié)合“Whenyoudosurveillancework,youoftenhavetowaitinoneplaceforhoursandhours.”和選項可知，boring“無聊的”符合語境。故選C?！?7題詳解】句意：瑪爾妮的老板，也是偵探社的負責(zé)人，非常小心地保護她的安全。根據(jù)“Marnie’sboss,theheadofthedetectiveagency,isverycarefultoprotecther...”可知，此處需填名詞。結(jié)合句意和選項可知，safety“安全”符合語境。故選D。【38題詳解】句意：我的偵探總是帶著一個“竊聽器”——一個隱藏的麥克風(fēng)，這樣我就可以跟蹤他們，聽他們說話。根據(jù)“Mydetectivesalwaysweara‘bug’—a...microphone”可知，此處需填形容詞修飾microphone。結(jié)合句意和選項可知，hidden“隱藏的”符合語境。故選B。【39題詳解】句意：如果情況變得危險，我們會迅速行動。根據(jù)“Ifthe...getsdangerous”可知，此處需填名詞。結(jié)合句意和選項可知，situation“情況”符合語境。故選A。2023松江一模A.decisionB.balanceC.improvingD.carefullyE.exactlySportsareagreatwaytostayactive,makefriends,andbeinvolvedinsomething.Somepeopleknow___16___whichsporttoplayinhighschool.Forothers,it’satough___17___.WhatActivitiesCanHelpMeRelax?Manyactivitiescanberelaxing.Thefollowingthreestrengthenyouphysicallyandmentally:*Yoga（瑜伽）canimproveflexibility（柔韌性）,strengthand___18___.Besides,manypeoplewhopracticeyogasaythatiteasesanxietyandmakesthemindclear.*Pilates（普拉提）canhelpbuildflexibility,strength,endurance,andcoordination.Pilatesalsoincreasescirculationandhelpstoshapethebody.*Taichi（太極）isanancientChinesemartialartformthatisgreatfor___19___flexibilityandstrengtheningyourlegs,muscles,andarms.A.outdoorB.sameC.certainD.makeupE.giveupIsATeamSportBestForMe?Somesports,likefieldhockey（曲棍球）,needeverypersononthefieldtobeinsync（同步）.Onethingis___20___---someplayersstandoutmorethanothers,buthavingallsuperstarsdoesn’tnecessarilymakeagoodteam!WhatIfMySchoolDoesn’tHaveMySport?Allschoolscan’thaveeverysport.Acityschoolmaynothavealotoffields,forexample,whilearuralschoolmaynothaveenoughstudentsto___21___ateamforeverysport.Aschool’sgeographicregioncanalsoplayarole.Ifyoulivewhereitsnowsfromautumntospring,yourschoolmightnothavealotof___22___sports.Ifyourschooldoesn’thaveyourfavoritesport,don’tletitgetyoudown.Youcanalwaystryoutforadifferentsportduringthe___23___seasonorseeifyourtownhasarecreationalleague（娛樂聯(lián)盟）thatyoucanjoin.Whateveryouchoose,remembertohavefunwhilestayingfit!【答案】16.E17.A18.B19.C20.C21.D22.A23.B【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了加強身心健康的幾種運動和可能遇到的問題和解決方法?！?6題詳解】句意：有些人很清楚在高中該做什么運動。此處應(yīng)填一個副詞來修飾know，結(jié)合“whichsporttoplayinhighschool.”和備選詞匯可知，此處表達“準確地知道做什么運動”，所以exactly符合語境。故選E?！?7題詳解】句意：對于別人來說，這是一個艱難的決定。此處應(yīng)填一個名詞，對比上文“Somepeopleknowexactlywhichsportstoplayinhighschool.”和備選詞匯可知，此處表達另一種情況，對有些人來說是“艱難的決定”，所以decision符合語境。故選A?！?8題詳解】句意：瑜伽可以改善柔韌性，力量和平衡性。此處應(yīng)填一個名詞作賓語，此處是介紹瑜伽的好處，結(jié)合備選詞，balance“平衡”符合語境。故選B?！?9題詳解】句意：太極是一種古老的中國武術(shù)，它有利于改善柔韌性和加強你的腿、肌肉和胳膊。此處應(yīng)填一個動詞作賓語，根據(jù)下文“strengtheningyourlegs,muscles,andarms.”和備選詞匯可知，此處應(yīng)填和strengthening相同意義的詞，improving“改善”符合語境。故選C?！?0題詳解】句意：有一件事是確定的——有些運動員比別的人要優(yōu)秀一點，但是一個好的團隊并不是都是超級明星。此處應(yīng)填一個形容詞作表語，根據(jù)語境和備選詞匯可知，后文“someplayersstandoutmorethanothers,buthavingallsuperstarsdoesn’tnecessarilymakeagoodteam!”是在介紹確定的一件事，certain符合語境。故選C。【21題詳解】句意：然而一所鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)?？赡軟]有足夠的學(xué)生來組建一支隊伍參加所有的運動。此處應(yīng)填一個動詞或動詞詞組，根據(jù)“ateam”及備選詞可知，此處指“組建隊伍”，makeup“組成”符合語境。故選D。【22題詳解】句意：你的學(xué)?？赡懿粫泻芏鄳敉膺\動。此處應(yīng)填一個形容詞作定語，根據(jù)上文“Ifyoulivewhereitsnowsfromautumntospring”可知天氣原因，戶外運動不會很多，outdoor符合語境。故選A?！?3題詳解】句意：你可以在同一季節(jié)嘗試不同的運動，或者看看你所在的城鎮(zhèn)是否有你可以加入的娛樂聯(lián)盟。此處應(yīng)填一個形容詞作定語，根據(jù)“duringthe...season”和備選詞匯可知，此處指在同一季節(jié)，same符合語境。故選B。2023寶山一模A.alsoB.littleC.beganD.believedE.grewupLotsofChinesereadersarefondofJinYong’sWuxianovels.Hisgreatworkshavealsobeenadapted（改編）formanyTVseries,films,gamesandcartoons.YetJinwas____16____knowntoWesternreaders.Somepeople____17____thatJinYong’sWuxiastorieswereimpossibletobetranslated.AnnaHolmwood,however,hasmadetheimpossiblepossible.Holmwood____18____inBritainandstudiedhistoryattheUniversityofOxford.HerloveforChineseculture____19____in2005duringatwo-monthtriparoundChina.In2009,shestudiedChineseatTaiwanNormalUniversity（臺灣師范大學(xué)）forayear.A.spreadB.decisionC.finallyD.deeplyE.traditionOneday,afriendtookhertoabookshop,whereshesawawholeshelfofnovelswrittenbyJinYong.Sheboughtoneofthem.Afterreadingit,theBritishgirlwas____20____attractedbythestoriesinthenovel.Soshemadea____21____totranslateJinYong’sbest-knownnovel,LegendsoftheCondorHeroes（《射雕英雄傳》）,intoEnglish.IttookHolmwoodfiveyearstofinishthetranslation.Now,Englishreaderscan____22____appreciate（欣賞）thenovelintheirnativelanguage.Holmwoodwon’tstoptranslatingJinYong’snovels.Shewillcontinueto____23____ChineseculturetotheWesternworld.【答案】16.B17.D18.E19.C20.D21.B22.C23.A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了英國女孩把金庸的武俠小說翻譯成英文的故事。【16題詳解】句意：然而，西方讀者對金知之甚少。根據(jù)“YetJinwas...knowntoWesternreaders.”以及選詞可知西方讀者對金庸了解很少，little“很少”符合語境，故選B?！?7題詳解】句意：有人認為金庸的武俠小說是不可能被翻譯出來的。此空應(yīng)填謂語動詞，根據(jù)“JinYong’sWuxiastorieswereimpossibletobetranslated.”以及選詞可知是指有人認為金庸的武俠小說是不可能被翻譯出來的。believed“相信，認為”符合語境，故選D?！?8題詳解】句意：霍姆伍德在英國長大，在牛津大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)歷史。根據(jù)“Holmwood...inBritainandstudiedhistoryattheUniversityofOxford.”可知霍姆伍德在英國長大，grewup“長大”符合語境，故選E?！?9題詳解】句意：她對中國文化的熱愛始于2005年一次為期兩個月的中國之行。根據(jù)“HerloveforChineseculture...in2005”可知她對中國文化的熱愛開始于一次中國之行，began“開始”符合語境，故選C。【20題詳解】句意：看完之后，這個英國女孩被小說中的故事深深吸引了。此空應(yīng)填副詞修飾動詞，結(jié)合選詞可知deeply“深深地”符合語境，故選D?！?1題詳解】句意：于是她決定將金庸最著名的小說《射雕英雄傳》翻譯成英文。根據(jù)“Soshemadea...totranslateJinYong’sbest-knownnovel”可知是指做決定，makeadecision“做決定”，為固定短語。故選B?！?2題詳解】句意：現(xiàn)在，英語讀者終于可以用母語欣賞這部小說了。根據(jù)“Englishreaderscan...appreciate（欣賞）thenovelintheirnativelanguage.”結(jié)合選詞可知是指現(xiàn)在英語讀者終于可以用母語欣賞這部小說了，finally“最終”符合語境，故選C?！?3題詳解】句意：她將繼續(xù)向西方世界傳播中國文化。根據(jù)“Shewillcontinueto...ChineseculturetotheWesternworld.”可知不定式符號to后加動詞原形，結(jié)合選詞可知spread“傳播”符合語境，故選A。2023靜安一模A.contestB.imagineC.planningD.prizeE.heatAChristmasPartyPleasemarkyourcalendarsforDecember21,ladiesandgentlemen!Wearebusy____21____forthecomingannual（每年的）ChristmaspartythisWednesday.TheofficeChristmastreeisalreadydecorated,andholidayballoonsareeverywhere.Thefireplacewill____22____upthemeetingroomandkeepusallwarm!Forthechildren,wewillhaveourannual“plasticChristmassculpture”____23____.Ihavewashedandsavedalltheplasticknives,forksandspoonswehaveusedintheofficeforthepastyear.ThechildrenwillhaveanhourtoconstructaChristmasdecorationoutofthem.Therewillbea____24____forthemostcreativeone!A.insteadB.yourselvesC.nolongerD.shapesE.careSimilartolastyear,plentyoffoodwillbeserved,sopleasecomehungry!Iexpectyoutohelp____25____tocheeseburgers,chickenwings,ItalianpizzaandabigChristmasthemedcake.Thisyear,wewillhaveseveralcakesinthe____26____ofpresents,suchas:chocolatecake,vanillaandfruitflavoredcakes.Speakingofpresents—ontheinvitationIhavewrittenthatIrequestyour“presence”.So—pleasedon’tbringanyChristmas“presents”.Iinviteyoutojoinmeindonating（捐助）moneytotheChinaWildlifeFundforNature____27____.Therewillbeapiggybank（小豬儲錢罐）onthekitchentable.Justputinwhateveramountyoulike!Everysingledollargivenbyyouwillbesenttosupportthe____28____ofwildlifeinChina!Pandasandsnowleopardsneedourhelptosurvive.Hopetoseeyouattheparty!【答案】21.C22.E23.A24.D25.B26.D27.A28.E【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了作者為圣誕晚會做的一切準備和計劃?！?1題詳解】句意：我們正忙著為這個星期三即將到來的年度圣誕晚會做準備。根據(jù)“forthecomingannual（每年的）Christmasparty”和備選詞匯可知，忙著計劃圣誕晚會，bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事，故選C?！?2題詳解】句意：壁爐會使會議室暖和起來，讓我們都暖和起來！根據(jù)“Thefireplace”和備選詞匯可知，壁爐加熱，heatup“加熱”，故選E。【23題詳解】句意：對于孩子們，我們將舉辦一年一度的“塑料圣誕雕塑”比賽。根據(jù)“forthemostcreativeone”和備選詞匯可知，孩子們會有一個比賽，contest“比賽”符合句意，故選A。【24題詳解】句意：最具創(chuàng)意的將會有一個獎！根據(jù)“forthemostcreativeone”和備選詞匯可知，最具創(chuàng)意的將會有一個獎，prize“獎品”符合句意，故選D?！?5題詳解】句意：我希望你們可以隨意享用芝士漢堡、雞翅、意大利披薩和一個大的圣誕主題蛋糕。helponeselftosth“隨便吃”，此處需要反身代詞，故選B?！?6題詳解】句意：今年，我們將有幾款呈禮物形狀的蛋糕，比如:巧克力蛋糕、香草蛋糕和水果口味的蛋糕。intheshapeof“以……的形式”，故選D。【27題詳解】句意：相反，我邀請你和我一起向中國自然基金會捐款。根據(jù)“So—pleasedon’tbringanyChristmas“presents”.”和備選詞匯可知，前后轉(zhuǎn)折，instead“相反”符合句意，故選A?！?8題詳解】句意：您捐贈的每一美元都將用于支持中國野生動物的保護！根據(jù)“wildlife”和備選詞匯可知，支持中國野生動物的保護，care“關(guān)心”符合句意，故選E。2023崇明一模A.languageB.successfulC.likelyD.habitsE.horribleAsalanguagelearner,youarenotalone.Aboutonemillionpeopleworldwidearelearningaforeignlanguage.However,notallofthemenjoysuccess.Wetalkedtohundredsof____16____languagelearners.Theysharedwithussomeoftheir____17____.Onekeytolong-termsuccessisworkingtowardsthegoalallthetime.Mostsuccessful____18____learnersmakesuretospendafewminutespracticingeveryday.Wealsostudiedsome“nine-to-fivers.”Theselanguagelearnerspracticetheirlanguageonlyinclass.Inthelongrun,theyshowmuchslowerprogressthanthosewhopracticedaily.Theyarealsomore____19____to“dropout”.A.EspeciallyB.developC.altogetherD.forgetsE.InsteadThesecondhabitofsuccessfullanguagelearneristhattheydon’t“bingestudy”.____20____,theymakeprogressthroughanumberofshortstudysessionsoveralongerperiodoftime.Learnerswhopracticenowandthenforamarathontocatchuparemorelikelytogiveup____21____.Somelanguagelearnersalwayswanttolearnasmuchnewmaterialastheycan.Butithasbeenprovedthatonegradually____22____whatheorshehaslearnedovertime.Let’sbehonest:DoyoustillrememberalltheEnglishwordsandexpressionsyoulearnedlastyear?Successfullanguagelearnersgoovertheoldmaterialregularly.Regularrevisionturnsyourshort-termmemoryintolong-termmemory.AreyouhavingahardtimeimprovingyourEnglish?Thenyoumaytryto____23____thesethreehabits.Don’tworryifittakestime.Masteringasecondlanguageisalongprocess—itshouldtaketime!【答案】16.B17.D18.A19.C20.E21.C22.D23.B【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了語言學(xué)習(xí)者成功的一些習(xí)慣。【16題詳解】句意：我們與數(shù)百名成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者進行了交談。根據(jù)“Mostsuccessful”可知，這里指成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者，successful意為“成功的”，形容詞，作定語。故選B。【17題詳解】句意：他們和我們分享了他們的一些習(xí)慣。根據(jù)“Thesecondhabitofsuccessfullanguagelearneristhattheydon’t“bingestudy”.”可知，這里指成功的習(xí)慣，habits意為“習(xí)慣”。故選D?！?8題詳解】句意：大多數(shù)成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者確保每天花幾分鐘練習(xí)。根據(jù)“l(fā)anguagelearners.”可知，這里指語言學(xué)習(xí)者，language意為“語言”。故選A?！?9題詳解】句意：他們也更有可能“退出”。根據(jù)“Inthelongrun,theyshowmuchslowerprogressthanthosewhopracticedaily.”可知，這里指他們也更有可能“退出”，morelikely意為“更有可能”。故選C?！?0題詳解】句意：相反，他們通過在更長的時間內(nèi)進行一些短期的學(xué)習(xí)來取得進展。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里需用副詞Instead，意為“相反”。故選E?！?1題詳解】句意：偶爾為了趕上馬拉松而練習(xí)的學(xué)習(xí)者更有可能完全放棄。根據(jù)“Learnerswhopracticenowandthenforamarathontocatchuparemorelikelytogiveup….”可知，這里指完全放棄，giveupaltogether意為“完全放棄”。故選C?！?2題詳解】句意：但事實證明，隨著時間的推移，一個人會逐漸忘記他或她所學(xué)到的東西。根據(jù)“whatheorshehaslearnedovertime.”可知，這里指的是忘記所學(xué)到的東西，forgets意為“忘記”。故選D。【23題詳解】句意：然后你可以試著養(yǎng)成這三個習(xí)慣。根據(jù)“thesethreehabits.”可知，這里指養(yǎng)成這三個習(xí)慣，develop意為“發(fā)展、養(yǎng)成”。故選B。2023奉賢一模A.asusualB.discussionC.strengthD.nolongerE.confidenceOnemorning,Gracediscoveredthatherclassroomhadchanged.Shefoundthatthedeskswere___16___inrows,butpushedtogethertoformeightbiggerdesks.Shewassoexcitedaboutitforthefirsttwodaysthatshecouldn’tconcentrateon（集中精力）thelesson___17___.Butsoonsheandherclassmatesgotusedtothisnewclassroomarrangement.“Nowourclassisquieter,”saidGrace.“What’smore,wecancomeupwithourownideasandlearnmorethrough___18___.It’sabetterwaytostudy.”Peterlikedit,too.Hesaid,“Groupmembersfirstdiscuss,andthenshowourselvesinfrontofthewholeclass.Itgivesusmore___19___inourselves.”A.difficultB.provideC.effectivelyD.interestsE.abilitiesItwaspartofareform（改革）atschool.Theschoolmadethisreformbecausetheywantedto___20___studentswitheasierwaystostudyandmorechancestodiscuss.“Ourschoolhopesitcanimprovestudents’___21___tostudybythemselvesandworkingroups,”saidSabrina,anEnglishteacher.However,thereformhasdemandedmorefromteacher.Nowtheyhaveonly30minutestogivethelessonwhichusedtobetaughtin45minutes.Itis___22___toteachinsuchashorttime.Theteachershavetofindbetterwaystoteach___23___.“Thereformdemandsmore,butI’msureitishelpful,”addedSabrina.【答案】16.D17.A18.B19.E20.B21.E22.A23.C【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了通過小組討論進行學(xué)習(xí)的授課方式?！?6題詳解】句意：她發(fā)現(xiàn)課桌不再排成行，而是把八張更大的課桌擠在一起。根據(jù)“butpushedtogethertoformeightbiggerdesks”可知，課桌不再排成行，nolonger“不再”。故選D?！?7題詳解】句意：最初的兩天，她如此興奮，以至于不能像往常一樣集中精力在課堂上。根據(jù)“shecouldn’tconcentrateonthelesson”可知，是因為太興奮，不能像往常一樣集中精力。asusual“像往常一樣”，故選A?！?8題詳解】句意：而且，我們可以提出自己的想法，通過討論學(xué)到更多。根據(jù)“wecancomeupwithourownideas”可知，是通過討論學(xué)習(xí)。discussion“討論”，名詞，故選B?！?9題詳解】句意：這給了我們自己更多自信。根據(jù)“Groupmembersfirstdiscuss,andthenshowourselvesinfrontofthewholeclass”可知，這種新的教學(xué)模式給了我們更多自信。confidence“自信”，名詞，故選E?！?0題詳解】句意：學(xué)校之所以進行這項改革，是因為他們想為學(xué)生提供更簡單的學(xué)習(xí)方式和更多的討論機會。根據(jù)“witheasierwaystostudyandmorechancestodiscuss”可知，此處是說提供給學(xué)生更簡單的學(xué)習(xí)方式和更多討論機會。provide“提供”，providesb.withsth.“向某人提供某物”，故選B。【21題詳解】句意：“我們學(xué)校希望它能提高學(xué)生的自學(xué)能力和小組學(xué)習(xí)能力，”英語教師薩布麗娜說。根據(jù)“improvestudents...tostudy”可知，此處是說提高能力。abilities“能力”，為ability的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故選E?！?2題詳解】句意：在這么短的時間內(nèi)很難教授。根據(jù)“insuchashorttime”可知，此處是說在這么短的時間內(nèi)授課是不容易的。difficult“困難的”，形容詞，Itisdifficulttodosth.意為“做某事很難”，故選A?！?3題詳解】句意：教師們必須找到更好的方法來有效地授課。根據(jù)“Itis...difficulttoteachinsuchashorttime.”可知，此句是說教師必須找到更好的方法來有效地授課。effectively“有效地”，副詞，修飾動詞teach。故選C。2023嘉定一模A.accidentB.seriouslyC.harmD.actuallyE.cycleForestfireshappeninsummerwhenithasn’trainedforalongtimeandeverythingisverydry.Formanyyears,peoplehavethoughtoffiresasdisastersthat____16____theforest.Thescienceoffireecology（生態(tài)學(xué)）studiestheconnectionbetweenfire,plants,andanimalsinforestfires.Scientistssaythatthefireisalsoanimportantpartofthelife____17____ofaforest.Witheveryfire,theforestisbornagain.Forestfiresoftenstartwhenlightningstrikesatree,butpeoplecanalsocauseforestfires.Sometimestheydon’tknowwhattheydid,andithappensby___18___.Butothertimesit’sdoneonpurpose.Onceafirestarts,it___19___burnsawaythedryleavesandbranches.Thefirealsogetsridofovergrownplants,fallenleaves,andbacteriainthesoilthatcausediseases.Plantsontheforestfloorreceivemorespaceandsunlighttogrow,sotheycangrowandmakeseedsquickly.A.surviveB.nativeC.expectD.wondersE.escapeWhenafirestartsinaforest,everycreature（動物）triesto___20___.Birdsflyawayandmammalsusuallyrunaway.Smallcreatures（suchasfrogs,mice,andinsects）hideundergroundorunderrocks.Someoftheweakeranimalsdie,butmany____21____.Theanimalsthatdon’tdieinthefirearethestrongest.Afterafire,someanimalsthatmaynotbe___22___totheforestcometofeedonthebodiesofdeadanimals.Therearelotsofthingsforanimalstoeatinaburnedforest.Animalssoongobacktotheirhomesintheforestandplantsstartgrowingagain.Now,accordingtofireecologystudies,it’spossibleforpeopletoseeforestfiresasnatural___23___.Hundredsofspeciesofplantsandanimalslivetogetherinforests.【答案】16.C17.E18.A19.D20.E21.A22.B23.D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹火災(zāi)是森林生命周期的重要組成部分。【16題詳解】句意：多年來，人們一直認為火災(zāi)是危害森林的災(zāi)難。結(jié)合“Formanyyears,peoplehavethoughtoffiresasdisastersthat...theforest.”和備選詞匯可知，災(zāi)難會危害森林，動詞harm“傷害”符合語境。故選C。【17題詳解】句意：科學(xué)家表示，火災(zāi)也是森林生命周期的重要組成部分。根據(jù)后文“Witheveryfire,theforestisbornagain.”可知，每一場大火，森林都會重生，所以火災(zāi)也是森林生命周期的重要組成部分，cycle“周期”符合語境。故選E?！?8題詳解】句意：有時他們不知道自己做了什么，這是偶然發(fā)生的。byaccident“偶然”，故選A?！?9題詳解】句意：一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi)，它實際上會把干燥的樹葉和樹枝都燒掉。根據(jù)“Onceafirestarts,it…burnsawaythedryleavesandbranches.”可知，大火實際上會把干燥的樹葉和樹枝都燒掉，副詞actually“實際上”符合語境。故選D。【20題詳解】句意：當(dāng)森林里發(fā)生火災(zāi)時，所有的動物都試圖逃跑。根據(jù)“Birdsflyawayandmammalsusuallyrunaway.Smallcreatures（suchasfrogs,mice,andinsects）hideundergroundorunderrocks.”可知，動物會逃離，escape“逃跑”符合語境。故選E?！?1題詳解】句意：一些較弱的動物會死亡，但許多動物會幸存下來。結(jié)合“Someoftheweakeranimalsdie,butmany...”和備選詞匯可知，but表轉(zhuǎn)折，由此可知一些動物死亡，一些動物幸存，survive“幸存”符合語境。故選A?！?2題詳解】句意：火災(zāi)發(fā)生后，一些可能不是森林原生的動物來以動物尸體為食。結(jié)合“someanimalsthatmaynotbe...totheforest...”和備選詞匯可知，此處應(yīng)用benativeto“源于……的”，形容詞native作表語。故選B。【23題詳解】句意：現(xiàn)在，根據(jù)火災(zāi)生態(tài)學(xué)研究，人們有可能將森林火災(zāi)視為自然奇觀。根據(jù)“it’spossibleforpeopletoseeforestfiresasnatural...”和備選詞匯可知，此處指將森林火災(zāi)視為自然奇觀，名詞wonders“奇觀”符合語境。故選D。2023閔行一模A.schedulesB.explainsC.noisyD.excuseE.completelyThespringandsummermonthscanmakesleepfeelimpossible,witheverythingfromswelteringtemperaturesand____16____late-nightbarbecuestoloudbirdsongandearlysunrisestofightwith.“It’s____17____ordinarytohavetheunusualbadnight;”saysDrAllieHare,sleepconsultant（睡眠顧問）attheRoyalBromptonhospitalinLondon.“Assoonasyoutrytosleep,youwon’tsleep.”Insummer,our____18____canchange.“Aregularbedtimeandgetting-uptimeis,ofallthethingsIrecommendforgoodsleep,possiblythemostimportant,”____19____Hare.“Thebraindoesn’tlikegettingtoohot,”saysJimHome,aprofessorofpsychophysiology（精神生理學(xué)）atLoughboroughUniversity.Youcouldopenawindow,butthatrisklettingnoiseandlightin.A.pleasantB.assoonasC.raiseD.adviceE.aslongasHomerecommendsafan,whichcomeswiththewhitenoise—somethingthatmanypeoplefindcomforting.“Itdoesn’tmatterifyourbodygetstoohotinyoursleep,____20____yourbrainkeepscool.”Duringthesummer,youmaytrytofityourruninduringtheeveningwhenthetemperaturehascooledalittle,butthiscouldmakeithardertosleep.Physicalexercisewill____21____thebodytemperature,andtheexcitementandmotivationoftryingtosmashyourpersonalbestswon’thelp.Saveitforthemorning;intheeveningHornerecommends“a____22____walk,innottoobrightlight’’.Thoughhealsoaddsthat—likemostofthis____23____—thisisforthoseweaktosleep.“Ifyou’reagoodsleeper,dowhateveryoulike.”【答案】16.C17.E18.A19.B20.E21.C22.A23.D【導(dǎo)語】本文講述了夏天和春天因為溫度和環(huán)境導(dǎo)致人們睡眠很困難，相關(guān)專家提出一些建議，比如規(guī)律的就寢和起床時間，不要在晚上運動等，這些都還是有助于提高睡眠的?！?6題詳解】句意：春夏兩季的幾個月讓睡眠變得不太可能，從悶熱的天氣和吵鬧的深夜燒烤到高亢的鳥鳴和清晨的日出，應(yīng)有盡有。根據(jù)“...witheverythingfromswelteringtemperaturesand...late-nightbarbecues...”可知，悶熱的天氣和“吵鬧的”深夜燒烤，“noisy”譯為“吵鬧的”，修飾后面的名詞“barbecues”，故選C。【17題詳解】句意：在倫敦RoyalBrompton醫(yī)院的睡眠顧問DrAllieHare說，“有這樣一個不同尋常的不好的夜晚是完全普遍的?！备鶕?jù)語境“It’s...ordinarytohavetheunusualbadnight...”可知，有這樣的喧鬧的悶熱的夜晚是“完全”普遍的?！癱ompletely”譯為“完全地”符合，故選E。【18題詳解】句意：在夏天，我們的日程安排會改變。根據(jù)語境“Aregularbedtimeandgetting-uptimeis,ofallthethingsIrecommendforgoodsleep,possiblythemostimportant...”可知，保證良好的睡眠最重要的是有規(guī)律的起床睡覺時間，這