Unit+9+Human+Biology+Topic+Talk Lesson+1課后練習(xí)題 高中英語(yǔ)北師大版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

TopicTalk&Lesson1Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)1.TheteamfromtheUKwerethefirsttosuccessfully(克隆)ananimal.2.Iwasalsointhedesert,where,forthefirsttime,Irodea(駱駝).3.It’seasytotella(山羊)fromsheep.4.Thepolicethinkthevideotapemayholdsomevital(線(xiàn)索)totheidentityofthekiller.5.Manypatientsarenotgettingthemedical(治療)theyneed.6.Youhavealreadymadegreatprogressinyour(生物).7.(哺乳動(dòng)物)areanimalssuchasdogs,lions,andwhales.8.Shehadtofacethefactthatherlifehadchanged(永遠(yuǎn)).9.Ivolunteerinhighschoolsandspeaktothemabout(生殖的)health.10.Laughterisoneofthemostinfectiousexpressionsof(情感).Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.The(edit)ofthemagazineisasmartyoungman.2.Mostpeoplelookbetterunder(artificially)lightthaninbrightsunlight.3.The(twin)wereseparatedatbirthandbroughtupinentirelydifferentenvironments.4.Itisdifficulttomakea(compare)withherpreviousbook,becausetheyarecompletelydifferent.5.Whilethetwoareonlydaysapartinagetheyseemtobelongto(whole)differentgenerations.6.You’vedonesomuchwork,soweallbelieveyou’rebound(pass)theexam.7.Theyagreedtogo(mere)becausetheyweregettingpaidforit.8.Everydaythenewspaperstellstoriesofchildrenworldwidewhoare(abuse).9.It’sblessingthatnobodywasinthehouseatthetime.10.Wecaninferhisexpressionthatheisfrustrated.Ⅲ.單句寫(xiě)作1.班上每個(gè)同學(xué)都有能力通過(guò)這次考試。Everystudentintheclasspassingtheexam.2.他們一直在討論如何突破食品安全技術(shù)壁壘。Theyhavebeendiscussingabouthowtooffoodsafety.3.你能臨摹出一幅與這幅畫(huà)一模一樣的畫(huà)嗎?Canyouofthispicture?4.和世界上其他地方的人相比,他們生活得相當(dāng)好。Theywerelivingratherwell,peopleelsewhereintheworld.5.一個(gè)人接受的教育必定會(huì)決定其世界觀的形成。Youreducationyourworldview.6.明天他是否參加那個(gè)舞會(huì),沒(méi)有人知道。hewilltakepartintheballornot.Ⅳ.閱讀理解AWithrapidadvancesinmedicalscience,cloningisslowlybutsurelylookinglikeitcouldbeinournearfuture.However,isitreallyanoptionthatshouldbeconsideredasawaytoextendhumanlife?Reproductivecloningmayhelphumanfamiliesgainchildren,butthere’salsoabenefitfortheanimalworld.Itbringshopetopeopleeagerforchildrenbutunabletohavetheirownoradopt.Itcanalsobringabouttherecreationofspeciesthathavelongsincedied,allowingscientiststofullystudythespeciesasalivingcreatureinsteadofsimplylookingatimagesorbones.Manybelievethatcloningcanbeusedtoreplacefailingorgans.Thiswillreducethewaitinglistfororgandonationsandallowmorepeopletobesaved.Notonlythat,butbecausetheorganis,infact,yourownorgan,therewouldbelesschanceofrejection.Cloningcouldprovehelpfulingeneticresearch.Usingcloningtechnologies,geneticresearcherswouldhaveabetterunderstandingofthecompositionofgenesandtheeffectsofgeneticconstituents(成分)onhumancharacters.There’salsothepossibilityofchanginggeneticconstituentsinclonedhumans,andcloningcouldhelpfightgeneticdiseases.Whilethecloningofbodyorganscanhelpextendhumanlife,itcouldalsocausealotofmalpractices(不端行為).Alongwiththeabilitytoclonedesiredcharacters,therecouldbethepossibilityofpeopledeliberatelyreproducingundesiredcharacters.Thiscouldleadtoariseinmalpracticeswithinsociety.Cloninginvolvesaprocessofcreatingidenticalgenes.Assuch,therewouldbealackofdiversityinhumankind.Scientistsbelievethislackofdiversitywilllowerthehumanrace’sabilitytoadapt.Whateveryourviewoncloningmaybe,studiesshowthattheclonewouldinfactnotbecompletelyidenticaltotheoriginaljustastwinsarenotcompletelyidentical.Thoughtheymightlookalike,twinshavedifferentpersonalitiesandenjoydifferentthings.Thesamecouldbesaidofclones.Evenifthetechnologyiscreatedinwhichyourmemoriesandthoughtscouldbetransmitted(傳送)totheclone,yourclonewouldstillbeadifferentperson.1.Whatgoodmightreproductivecloningbring?A.Itmayhelpimprovehumanwell-being.B.Itcouldcontributetotherisingbirthrate.C.Itcouldhelpanimalssurvivedeadlydiseases.D.Itmayenablescientiststobetterstudyextinctspecies.2.Accordingtothetext,cloningcanalsobeusedfor.

A.organtransplantB.solvingtheagingproblemC.infectiousdiseasetreatmentD.constructingagenedatabase3.What’soneproblemcloningmaycause?A.Greatdiversity.B.Individualsecurityrisk.C.Increasedimproperconduct.D.Seriouspersonalitydisorder.4.Whyaretwinsmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Tostresstwins’similarities.B.Toshowtwinsarequitecommon.C.Tocarryoutdeeperresearchontwins.D.Tobetterillustratewhataclonewillbelike.BWhenBarbraStreisandsaidthatshe’dhadherdogclonedfor$50,000,manypeoplelearnedforthefirsttimethatcopyingpetsandotheranimalswasarealbusiness.Thestorythatgavepeoplecauseforconcern,though,cameoutafewdayslater.ItwasaboutMonniMust,aMichiganphotographerwhopaidtohaveBillyBeancloned,aLabradorthathadbelongedtoheroldestdaughter,Miya.Miyadied10yearsearlier.ToMust,cloningtheelderlydogwasawaytokeepherdaughter’smemoryalive.Alarmbellswentoffinmyhead.Mustwasn’tjustcloningapet.Shewastryingtopreservealostchild.Itseemedawfullyclosetoarealhumancloningscenario,oneinwhichaheartbrokenparenttriestoreplaceasonordaughterwhodiesearly.IshotaquestionatJoseCibelli,ananimalcloningscientistatMichiganStateUniversity:Isittimetoworryabouthumancloningagain?Cibelliquicklyemailedback:“Yes.”ImetCibelli15yearsago,whenIwasamongagroupofjournalistscoveringcloningnonstop.Backthen,itseemedpossiblethatsomeonemighttrytocopyahumanbeingatanymoment.TherewasanItaliandoctornamedAntinoriwhosaidhewastrying.Buthumancloningneverhappened.Thereasonisclear.Inmanyanimals,onlyonein100clonedembryoseverleadstoalivebirth.Ofthosethatareborn,afewsufferfromabnormalities(畸形)andquicklydie.Creatingahumancloneisn’tonlyaquestionoftechnology.You’dalsoneedareasontodoit,expertswillingtohelp,andsomeonetofunditall.IfinallyaskedMustifshewouldhaveMiyaclonedifshe’dhadthechance.Shesaidit’snotaquestionshehasananswerto.“Whenyouhaveachildwhodies,youarenotinaplacetomakearational(理智的)decision,”shesays.5.HowdidtheauthorfeelafterknowingMust’sstory?A.Hefeltrelieved.B.Hewasworried.C.Hetookpityonher.D.Hesecretlyadmiredher.6.Whatdoweknowabouthumancloning15yearsago?A.Itreceivedthepublic’sattention.B.ItwassupportedbyJoseCibelli.C.Itwasseldomcoveredbyreporters.D.ItwasfirsttriedbyanItaliandoctor.7.Whatdoesparagraph6mainlyfocuson?A.Whyclonedembryosaredifficulttopreserve.B.Howthetechnologyofcloningisdeveloped.C.Whyhumancloningischallenging.D.Howanimalsarecloned.8.WhatisMust’sattitudetowardscloningherdeaddaughter?A.Shehasnoidea.B.Sheisuninterested.C.Shethinksitisirrational.D.Sheislookingforwardtoit.CForhis86thbirthday,ChengXiangwenenjoyedacorn-shapedcakehiscolleagueshadpreparedforhim.“Mybirthdaywishistodevelopbettercornvarieties,”hesays.Afterthecelebration,hebegananotherjourneytoSanya,inSouthChina’sHainanProvince,wherehehasworkedmostofhislife.Chengisascientistinagricultureandspendsmostofhislifestudyingandcultivating(栽培)corn.HevisitsSanyainNovembereveryyearandstaysthereforsixmonthstocultivatecorn.Once,whenhewasconductingafieldsurvey,afemalefarmersaidtohimintears,“Yougraduatedfromcollege.Couldyoupleasefindawaytoincreasethecornoutputhere?Iftheyields(產(chǎn)量)arehigher,ourchildrenwillnolongersufferfromhunger.”Sincethen,Chenghasmadedevelopinghigh-yieldcornvarietieshislife’smission.In1964,hecametoHainan,whereitwaswarmer,andstartedhisworkthere.Hegreatlyshortenedthecultivationperiodandcreatedhybridcornvarietiesforthefirsttime.Withthesenewvarieties,farmersinXunxianCountysawtheiraveragecornoutputwasmorethan3,750kgperhectareperyear.Despitethebeautifulcoastline,theenvironmentwhereChengworksusedtobetroubledbypovertyandpoortraffic.Localsoncedescribedtheareaashavingalargenumberofrats,mosquitoes,andpoisonoussnakes.Atthattime,hedideverythingonhisown.Helivedinalocalvillager’shouseandhefrequentlywenttothemountainstochopfirewoodtocook.Hishardwork,however,haspaidoff.Now,authoritieshaveapproved14new,high-yieldcornvarietiesChenghelpeddevelop.Chengisdedicatedtodevelopinghigh-yieldcornvarietieswithstrongerresistanceandtheyareeasiertoharvestwithmachines.Hestillgoestothefieldseachdayandobservesandrecordsthecornplants.“Cultivatingseedsislikeraisingkids.Onlybycarefulparentingcanyoubecomefamiliarwiththeirstrengthsandweaknessesandhelpthemtogrowuphealthily,”hesays.9.WhatcanweinferaboutChengaccordingtoparagraph1?A.HewasborninHainanProvince.B.HeworksinSanyaforlessthanfourmonths.C.Herestedforalongtimeafterhisbirthday.D.Hewantstodevelophigher-yieldcornvarieties.10.InwhichparagraphcanweknowthecauseofCheng’slife’smission?A.Paragraph1.B.Paragraph2.C.Paragraph3.D.Paragraph4.11.WhatkindofdifficultydidChengmeetwithinHainan?A.Unbearablehotweather.B.Buildingahousewithouthelp.C.Theterriblelivingconditionsandsurroundings.D.Livingonpoisonouscreatures.12.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeCheng?A.Hard-workinganddetermined.B.Calmandcaring.C.Fairandsympathetic.D.Kindandhumorous.Ⅴ.七選五Manyhearendlesslyhowgoodexerciseisforourhealth,butyoumightbesurprisedtoknowjusthowgood.1

Ithelpsyoubreathebetter.Frequentexerciseimprovesthevolumeofoxygenyoucanuseinyourbody.Thisiswhatmakesyoufitandthebenefitsaren’tlimitedtosport.2Attendingsomeprofessionalcoursescanbuildcorestrengthandimproveshape,andsostrengthenbreathingmuscles.

Physicalactivityenhancesyourmentalhealth.Doingsomethingactivereleases“happy”brainchemicalsthatmakeyoumorepositive.Themoreyoudoit,thebetteryou’llfeel.Butyoudoneedtoworkupasweat.Ifyou’vehadabadday,treatyourselftoalittlebitofexercise.3

4

Thewayyourguts(內(nèi)臟)feeloftenimpactsonyourmentalandphysicalhealth.Walking,runningandyogastrengthenabdominal(腹部的)muscles,increasetheheartrateandencourageyourmusclestomovedigestivewastethroughyourbodymoreefficientlyanddigestfoodmorequickly.Keepingactivekeepsyouyoung.Theremaynotbeanelixir(靈丹妙藥)ofyouthjustyet,butkeepingfitcomesclose.Just15minutesofexerciseadayforeightyearscanincreaseyourlifespanbythreeyears.Themoreyoudo,thelongeryoucouldlive.5Itcanbelow-intensityexercise—swimming,alongwalkonarunningmachineatthegym,oralow-intensityworkoutviaspecialAPPs.

A.Itaidsyourdigestion.B.Itgivesyouabetterappetite.C.Increasedmusclestrengthhelpstoo.D.Herearethebenefitsyoucangetfromexercise.E.Thisisbecausephysicalactivitydelayscellageing.F.Peoplethinkthiswillcatchourattentionandinspireouraction.G.Powerwalkingorropeskippingisabrilliantstressreliever.Ⅵ.語(yǔ)法填空Thedodoisthemostfamouscreatureofallthecreatures1.(become)extinctinrecenthistory.TheremainsofthedodoatOxfordareoneofthegreatesttreasuresofitsmuseum.

Thedodo2.(discover)byEuropeansin1507.Itwasaflightlessbird3.livedontheislandofMauritiusintheIndianOcean.Althoughthedodoswereeasy4.(catch),theirmeatwasnotthattasty.Theirrapiddecreasewasprobablyduelesstohunting,andmoretothefact5.thedogs,cats,ratsandpigs,6.(introduce)toMauritius,destroyedthedodos’eggsandhabitat.By1680thebirdwasextinct.

Thedodoswereacuriosity,andsomewerebroughttoEuropeby7.(wealth)collectorslikeJohnTradescant.His8.(collect)werelaterbroughttoOxford.Althoughsmallinamount,thesespecimens(標(biāo)本)representthemostcompleteremainsofasingledodo,andare9.greatvaluetoscientiststoday.

DNAresearchhasshownthedodois10.(close)relatedtopigeonsandhasfinallysolvedthequestionofthedodo’sancestors;withouttheOxfordspecimensthiswouldhavebeenimpossible.

Ⅶ.應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作(2023·遼寧撫順校聯(lián)考二模)假定你是李華,你的外國(guó)朋友John對(duì)中醫(yī)很感興趣,打算暑假來(lái)你市學(xué)習(xí)針灸(acupuncture)。請(qǐng)你給他寫(xiě)一封郵件,向他介紹針灸并推薦一位針灸老師,內(nèi)容包括:1.簡(jiǎn)介針灸;2.推薦老師;3.表達(dá)祝福。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.請(qǐng)?jiān)谙鄳?yīng)位置作答。DearJohn,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua參考答案Ⅰ.1.clone2.camel3.goat4.clues5.treatment6.biology7.Mammals8.forever9.reproductive10.emotionⅡ.1.parison5.wholly6.topass7.merely8.abused9.a10.fromⅢ.1.iscapableof2.breakthetechnicalbarrier3.makeanexactcopy4.incomparisonwith5.isboundtoshape6.ItisunknownwhetherⅣ.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是議論文。文章主要討論了克隆的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Itcanalsobringabouttherecreationofspeciesthathavelongsincedied,allowingscientiststofullystudythespeciesasalivingcreatureinsteadofsimplylookingatimagesorbones.”可知,生殖性克隆使得再創(chuàng)造已經(jīng)滅絕的物種成為可能,能夠讓科學(xué)家充分研究一個(gè)生物物種,而不是僅僅觀察這些滅絕物種的圖片和骨骼。故選D項(xiàng)。2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“cloningcanbeusedtoreplacefailingorgans”可知,克隆可以用于替換衰竭的器官,故可用于器官移植。3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第三段中的“itcouldalsocausealotofmalpractices”和“therecouldbethepossibilityofpeopledeliberatelyreproducingundesiredcharacters.Thiscouldleadtoariseinmalpracticeswithinsociety.”可知,克隆會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)中的不端行為增加。4.D推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“studiesshowthattheclonewouldinfactnotbecompletelyidenticaltotheoriginaljustastwinsarenotcompletelyidentical”可知,克隆體與母體并不是完全相同的;作者提到雙胞胎是為了說(shuō)明克隆體與母體的差別?！菊Z(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是議論文。文章討論了克隆技術(shù)以及克隆人的問(wèn)題。5.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thestorythatgavepeoplecauseforconcern”及第三段中的“Alarmbellswentoffinmyhead.”和第四段中的“Isittimetoworryabouthumancloningagain?”可知,Must克隆逝世女兒的寵物狗一事讓作者感到非常擔(dān)憂(yōu)。6.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“ImetCibelli15yearsago,whenIwasamongagroupofjournalistscoveringcloningnonstop...copyahumanbeingatanymoment.”可推斷,當(dāng)時(shí)克隆人的想法受到了人們的廣泛關(guān)注。7.C段落大意題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Inmanyanimals,onlyonein100clonedembryoseverleadstoalivebirth...andquicklydie.”可知,克隆過(guò)程中能最后成活的個(gè)體極少。由此可見(jiàn),該段主要介紹了克隆人類(lèi)所面臨的各種困難及挑戰(zhàn)。8.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Shesaidit’snotaquestionshehasananswerto.”可知,Must對(duì)是否會(huì)克隆自己女兒的問(wèn)題并沒(méi)有明確的答案?！菊Z(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是記敘文。農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家程相文用畢生的精力培育出雜交玉米,并且研發(fā)出14種高產(chǎn)的玉米新品種。9.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“‘Mybirthdaywishistodevelopbettercornvarieties,’hesays.”可知,程相文想要培育出高產(chǎn)的玉米品種。故選D項(xiàng)。10.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,在程相文做實(shí)地調(diào)查時(shí),一位農(nóng)民的訴求讓他從那時(shí)起把培育高產(chǎn)玉米品種當(dāng)成畢生的事業(yè)。即在第二段說(shuō)明了程的使命起源于什么。故選B項(xiàng)。11.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知,程相文當(dāng)時(shí)在海南的生活環(huán)境和生活條件很差。故選C項(xiàng)。12.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容和最后一段中的“Chengisdedicatedtodevelopinghigh-yieldcornvarietieswithstrongerresistanceandtheyareeasiertoharvestwithmachines.Hestillgoestothefieldseachdayandobservesandrecordsthecornplants.”可知,程相文是一位認(rèn)真敬業(yè)、不畏艱難且意志堅(jiān)定的