機械專業(yè)英語課件

Terminology2023/9/161《機械工程專業(yè)英語教程》NutA

small

block

of

metal

with

a

central,

threaded

holethat

is

designed

to

fit

around

and

secure

a

bolt

orscrew.螺母，螺帽：中部有帶螺紋的孔,用于與螺栓或螺釘相配合并將其緊固的小金屬塊?！稒C械工程專業(yè)英語教程》2023/9/16RivetA

rivet

is

a

metal

pin

with

a

head

used

to

fasten

two

ormore

materials

together.鉚釘：鉚釘是一頭有帽的金屬釘，用來將兩種或多種材料緊固在一起。2SpringAn

elastic

device,

that

regains

its

original

shapeafter

being

compressed

or

extended彈簧:一種彈性裝置在被壓縮和拉伸后仍能恢復原來的形狀。2023/9/16《機械工程專業(yè)英語教程》3《機械工程專業(yè)英語教程》2023/11/19fastener:

緊固件，連接件modular:模數(shù)的，制成標準件的，預制的，組件的subassembly:組件，部件，局部裝配，組件裝配4《機械工程專業(yè)英語教程》2023/11/19cotter:栓，開口銷，楔；用銷子固定Cotter

pin:扁銷，開口銷bumper:保險杠，緩沖器，阻尼器，減震器5《機械工程專業(yè)英語教程》2023/11/19silicon:硅brass:黃銅

bronze

青銅

beryllium:鈹6《機械工程專業(yè)英語教程》2023/11/19helical:螺線，螺旋線，螺紋temper:回火corrosion:腐蝕，侵蝕，銹蝕7Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs緊固件和彈簧Fasteners

aredevices

which

permitoneparttobejointedto

a

second

part

and，

hence

，

they

are

involved

in

almostall

designs．The

acceptability（滿意程度）of

any

productdepends

not

only

on

the

selected

components，but

also

onthe

means

by

which

they

are

fastened

together

．

Theprincipal

purposes

of

fasteners

are

to

provide

the

followingdesign

features：Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs緊固件和彈簧（l）Disassembly（拆卸）

for

inspection

and

repair；（

2

）

Modular design

（模塊化設計）

where

a

producconsists

of

a

number

of

subassemblies

（組件）．Modulardesign

aids

manufacturing

as

well

as

transportation．Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs緊固件和彈簧There

are

three

main

classifications

of

fasteners，whichare

described

as

follows：l．Removable(可拆式)．This

type

permits

the

parts

to

be

readily

disconnectedwithout

damaging

the

fastener.

An

example

is

the

ordinarynut-and-bolt

fastener.Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs緊固件和彈簧2．Semipermanent半永久式．For

this

type

，the

parts

can

be

disconnected

，but

somdamage

usually

occurs

to

the

fastener．One

such

example

isacotterpin(開口銷)．Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs緊固件和彈簧3．Permanent永久式．When

this

type

of

fastener

is

used，it

is

intended

that

theparts

will

never

be

disassembled．Examples

are

riveted

andwelded

joints

(鉚接和焊接)．Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs緊固件和彈簧The

following

factors

should

be

taken into

account

whenselecting

fasteners

for

a

givenapplication：primary

function;appearance;（外部特征）（3）a

large

number

of

small

size

fasteners

versus

a

smallnumber

of

large

size

fasteners（an

example

isbolts）；Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs緊固件和彈簧（

4

）

operating

conditions

such

as vibration

，

loads

antemperature;frequency

of

disassembly；adjustability

in

the

location

（位置）ofparts;types

of

materials

to

be

joined；consequences（后果）

of

failure

or

loosening

of

thefastener．Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs緊固件和彈簧The

importance

of

fasteners

can

be

realized

(

認識)

whenreferring

to（涉及）

any

complex

product．In

the

case

ofthe automobile

，

there

are

literally (

逐字的，照字面的thousands

of

parts

which

are

fastened

together

to

producethe

total

product．Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs緊固件和彈簧The

failure

or

loosening

of

a

single

fastener

could

result

in

asimple

nuisance

（

障礙，損失，

麻煩）

such

as

a

dorattle

（喀啦聲）

or

in

a

serious

situation

such

as

a

wheelcoming

off.

Such

possibilities

must

be

taken

into

account

inthe

selection

of

the

type

of

fastener

for

the

specificapplication.Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs緊固件和彈簧Springs are

mechanical

members

which are

designed

togive

a

relatively

large

amount

of

elastic

deflection

under

theaction

of

an

externally

applied

load．Hooke’s

law，whichstates

that

deflection

is

proportional

to

load,

is

the

basis

ofbehavior

of

springs．Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs緊固件和彈簧However

，

some

springs

are

designed

to

produce

anonlinear

relationship between

load

and deflection

．

Thefollowing

is

a

list

of

the

important

purposes

and

applicationsofsprings:Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs緊固件和彈簧1．Control

of

motion

in

machines．This

category

represents

the

majority

of

spring

applicationssuch

as

operating

forces

in

clutches

and

brakes（離合器和制動器）．

Also

，

springs

are

used

to

maintain

contactbetween

two

members

such

as

a

cam

and

its

follower．Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs緊固件和彈簧2.Reduction

oftransmitted

forcesasaresultofimpact（沖擊）or

shockloading.Applications

here

include

automotive

suspension s

ystemsprings

and

bumper

springs（緩沖彈簧）.Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs緊固件和彈簧Storage

of

energy．Applications

in

this

category

are

found

in

clocks,

moviecameras

（

攝影機）

and

lawn mowers

（

割草機）

.

Manparking

meters

（停車計時器）

use

spring

mechanisms

（彈簧機構）which

perform

the

timingfunction.Measurement

of

force.Scales

（

秤

）

used

to

weigh

people

is

a

very

commoapplication

for

this

category.Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs緊固件和彈簧Most

springs

are

made

of

steel,although

silicon

bronze,brass

and

beryllium

copper

（硅青銅、黃銅和銅鈹合金）are

also

used.

Springs

are

universally

made

by

companieswhich

specialize

inthe

manufacture

of

springs.Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs緊固件和彈簧The

helical（螺旋線）

coil

spring（圓柱螺旋彈簧）is

themost

popular

type

of

spring;

torsion

bars

and

leaf

springs（扭桿和板彈簧）

are

also

widely

used.

If

the

wire

diameter（

assuming

a

helical

coil

spring

）

is

less

than

8mm,thespringwill

normallybe

cold－wound（冷卷法）

from

hard－drawn（拔）

or

oil－tempered（回火）

wire.For

largediameters,springsare

formedu