環(huán)境生物安全-轉(zhuǎn)基因漂移及其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)（英文版）

EnvironmentalBiosafety:GeneFlowandItsRiskAssessmentBiosafety-RelatedAreasFoodandhealthsafetyEnvironmentalbiosafetyLabelinganddetectionoftransgenesSocial,economicandethical

concernsBiosafetyregulatory

issuesPublicawarenessRiskassessmentsystemEnvironmentalbiosafetyEnvironmentalBiosafety-RelatedAreasNon-targeteffects:directandindirectTransgeneescapeanditsecologicalimpactBiodiversity:agriculturalandnaturalecosystemsEvolutionoftargetbiologicalresistanceEffectsoftransgenesonsoilbioticcommunityTransgeneescapeanditsecologicalimpact(FudanUniversity)Huanhui-1BtShangyou-63TransgeneEscapeandItsEcologicalImpactGMriceWeedyriceWildricePopulationextinction9Dotransgenesescape?Atwhatfrequency?Canescapecauseenvironmentalconsequences?WeedGMGMGMGMCaseAnalysis1.EffectsofCrop-CropGeneFlowGMcropTradeissuesLegaldisputesBiodiversityNon-GMcrop“Presence”Thefrequencyofgeneflowisthekey!FrequencyofGeneFlowbetweenVarietiesHybrid

rice

vs.Traditionalricevarieties

Traditionalrice

Hybrid

rice:0.117%Hybrid

rice

Traditionalrice:0.040%GeneFlowbetweenAdjacentBt/CpTIRiceLines&Non-transgenicControlsAmodelshowingrelationshipsbetweengeneflowfrequency&distanceatvariousoutcrossingrates5m30m50m70m85mConclusionsThefrequencyofpollen-mediatedgeneflowbetweenricevarietiesislowTransgeneescapefromtransgenictonon-transgenicricevarietiescanbecontrolled2.EffectsofCrop-Wild

SpeciesGeneFlowFitness

InvasionFitness

ExtinctionGMcropEcologicalrisk

WildrelativesTransgeneflowExpressionoftransgeneinwildrelativesFitnessandevolutionarypotentialoftransgenesProbability（%）Hazard

PotentialEcologicalRiskAssessmentofTransgeneEscapingtoWildRelativesxEcologicalrisk?Risk=FrequencyFitnessDesignADesignBDesignCGreatvariationincrop-wildricegeneflowUpto3%!WeedyriceinChinaWeedyricefoundin15provincesNE,E,SESeriousdamagecausedinsomeareas

(SQiang)Ca.0.5%

geneflowfromricetoitsweedytypeinonegeneration500bpTransgeneflowExpressionoftransgeneinwildrelativesFitnessandevolutionarypotentialoftransgenesProbability（%）Hazard

PotentialEcologicalRiskAssessmentofTransgeneEscapingtoWildRelativesxEcologicalrisk?Risk=FrequencyFitnessHigherfrequencyofgeneflowfromcultivatedricetowildrice

HybridsbetweenBt-Oryzasativa&O.rufipogonGeneexpressionbyELISAtest

Transgeneexpressionlevel(%)issimilarinhybridscomparedwithGMriceExpressionofTransgeneinWildRelativesExpressionofBtGeneinHybridProgenyofWildRiceTransgeneflowExpressionoftransgeneinwildrelativesFitnessandevolutionarypotentialoftransgenesProbability（%）Hazard

PotentialEcologicalRiskAssessmentofTransgeneEscapingtoWildRelativesxEcologicalrisk?Risk=FrequencyFitness

Normalexpressionoftransgeneinwildrice

FitnessandEvolutionaryPotentialofTransgenesFitnessPerformanceofBtTransgeneinHybrid

Progeny

**********NaturalinsectpressureLowinsectpressure***+No.ofSeedsPerPlantHybrid

F2No.ofseedsInsectindex**+******+No.ofSeedsPerPlantHybrid

F3NaturalinsectpressureLowinsectpressureNo.ofseedsInsectindex

FitnessEffectsofEPSPSTransgeneinHybridProgenyofWeedyRicearoAExpressionLevelofTransgenic–Non-TransgenicWeedyRiceProgeny

TrpConcentrationandPhotosynthesis

RateofTransgenic–Non-TransgenicWeedyRiceProgenyEPSPSContentofTransgenic–Non-TransgenicWeedyRiceProgenySeedgerminationrateofTransgenic–Non-TransgenicWeedyRiceProgenyNo.ofPaniclesandSeedsofTransgenic–Non-TransgenicWeedyRiceProgenyPLoSBiologyinreviewTransgeneflowExpressionoftransgeneinwildrelativesFitnessandevolutionarypotentialoftransgenesProbability（%）Hazard

PotentialEcologicalRiskAssessmentofTransgeneEscapingtoWildRelativesxEcologicalrisk?Risk=FrequencyFitnessUnderstandinginfitnessandevolutionarypotentialoftransgenesislimited

ConclusionsCultivatedrice&itswildrelativesaregloballydistributedTransgeneflowfromcultivatedricetowildrice