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2019新人教高中英語(yǔ)必修一Unit5LanguagesaroundtheworldDiscoveringusefulstructuresActivity1:
Discovering-Lookatthesesentencesandunderlinetherestrictiveattributiveclauses.Whatkindofinformationdoeseachclausecommunicate?Itwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically.
2.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.3.Therearemanyreasonswhypeoplelearnaforeignlanguage.4.ThesewereanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.Information:atime
foranevent.
Information:alocation
foranevent.
Information:areasonforanaction.Information:areasonforanaction.Information:areason
foranaction.
Information:alocation
foranaction.Itwasatime
whenpeopleweredividedgeographically.
Information:atime
foranevent.小結(jié)1
先行詞(即被修飾的名詞)在從句中做
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),連接詞使用when.Itwasatime.Atthattimepeopleweredividedgeographically.when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstsawyou.→IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichIfirstsawyou.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記第一次見到你的日子。when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句的先行詞為表示____________的名詞,when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on/during...+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。時(shí)間2.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry
wheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.Information:alocation
foranevent.小結(jié)2
先行詞(即被修飾的名詞)在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí),連接詞使用where.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry.InthatcountrytheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.→AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltowninwhichhegrewupasachild.在巴黎生活了50年后,他回到了兒時(shí)成長(zhǎng)的那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。Theaccidenthasreachedtothepointwhereboththeirparentsaretobecalledin.事情發(fā)展到如此地步,不得不請(qǐng)雙方家長(zhǎng)來(lái)一趟了。(1)where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句的先行詞為表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,where在從句中作__________狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于“________________”結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)關(guān)系副詞where表示“地點(diǎn)的模糊化”。當(dāng)先行詞表示某人/物的situation,或某事發(fā)展的stage,或表達(dá)某事的某個(gè)方面時(shí)都可用關(guān)系副詞where。常見的先行詞還有point,case,position,condition等。
地點(diǎn)介詞in/at...+which3.Therearemanyreasons
whypeoplelearnaforeignlanguage.Information:
areason
foranaction.小結(jié)3
先行詞(即被修飾的名詞)在從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí),連接詞使用why。Therearemanyreasons.Becauseofthesereasons,peoplelearnaforeignlanguage.why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句Unsuccessfulpeoplecanalwaysfindreasonswhythey’renotdoingwell.→Unsuccessfulpeoplecanalwaysfindreasonsforwhichthey’renotdoingwell.不成功的人總能找到自己表現(xiàn)不好的理由。why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句的先行詞通常是reason,why在從句中作_________狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于“________________”結(jié)構(gòu)。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及原因的名詞作先行詞時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句可用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo),也可用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。若先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞;若先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),則應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞。Idon’tbelievethereason(that/which)hegavemeforhisbeinglate.我不相信他給出的遲到的理由。原因介詞for+which4.Thesewereanimalbonesandshells
onwhich
symbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.小結(jié)4先行詞指物且在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),連接詞可以用介詞+which來(lái)替換關(guān)系副詞,其中介詞的選擇和先行詞的搭配有關(guān)。Therewereanimalsbonesandshells.SymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeopleonthem.Thesewereanimalbonesandshellsonwhich(=where)
symbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.
介詞+which(如onwhich)的結(jié)構(gòu)一般限于比較正式的文體中。Information:
alocation
foranaction.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),我們通常用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如果指“人”,用“介詞+whom”;如果指“物”,用“介詞+which”;關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)也用whose(作定語(yǔ))。
YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisfamous.昨天我們參觀了西湖,杭州因其而出名。(befamousfor“因……而出名”)Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.這就是他經(jīng)常用來(lái)拍照的相機(jī)。(withthecamera“用照相機(jī)”)ThebossinwhosecompanyMrKingworkedheardabouttheaccident.金先生所工作的公司的老板聽到了這起事故。(intheboss’company“在老板的公司”)Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.(withoutthecolorlessgas“沒有這種無(wú)色氣體”)這種無(wú)色的、離了它我們就無(wú)法生存的氣體是氧氣。選用介詞的依據(jù)(1)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中____________的搭配習(xí)慣(即固定短語(yǔ))。(2)根據(jù)____________的搭配習(xí)慣(約定俗成,不一定是短語(yǔ))。(3)根據(jù)句子的意思來(lái)選擇。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞先行詞
定語(yǔ)從句三步解體法:一、先找出主句;二、確定先行詞三、判斷先行詞在從句中做的成分定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞指人指物who(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)),whom(賓語(yǔ)),that(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)),whose(定語(yǔ))that(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)),which(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))whose(定語(yǔ))where(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))when(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))why(原因狀語(yǔ))Activity2:
Summary定語(yǔ)從句是在句子中作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞或代詞的從句,
又稱為形容詞性從句。這種從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),并作句子成分。Ps:先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),連接詞有時(shí)可以用介詞+which/whom來(lái)替換關(guān)系副詞Activity3:
Fillinthetabletocompleteeachphrasewitharestrictiverelativeclause.Thenusethephrasestomakecompletesentences.
theday
when
theearthquakehappenedIwasonholidaytheday
when
theearthquakehappened.
theday
when
Istartedlearningmysecondforeignlanguage.
IwillalwaysrememberthedaywhenIstartedlearningmysecondforeignlanguage.
theplace
where
myfriendlivesSheworksneartheplacewhere
myfriendlives.
theplace
where
ImetthemoviestarLetmeshowyoutheplacewhere
Imetthemoviestar.
thereason
why
Ididn'tgetapay-rise
thereason
why
IwanttolearnSpanishIdon'tknowthereasonwhy
Ididn'tgetapay-rise.Thereasonwhy
IwanttolearnSpanish
istotraveltoPeruoneday.
theplace
介詞
+which
IfoundGrandma'sglasses
thetime
介詞
+which
IfirstmetyouontheshipThisisthecupboard
inwhichIfoundGrandma'sglasses.IwillneverforgotthedayonwhichIfirstmetyouontheship.注意:并非先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的詞時(shí)都用when,where,why,若先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中不做狀語(yǔ),而作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),就必須用which或that。
比較:
when在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于onthedays。which在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)Weoftenthinkofthedayswhenweworkedtogetherinthecountryside.
Weoftenthinkofthedayswhichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.
WhenIstartedstudyingGerman,itwasastruggle.Thewordsfeltstrangeonmytongue,andthegrammarwouldnotstayinmyhead.ItoldmymumthatIwantedtogiveup,andthatIwouldneverliveinacountry______Germanwasspoken.Mymumtoldmethatstudyingalanguagewasnotjustformyfuture.Itwasexerciseforthebrain;themoreIlearntofalanguage,themoremybrainwouldgrow.AndIrememberthatday_____IsuddenlyfeltlikeGermanwasnolongeraforeignlanguage.Itfeltlikemybrainhaddoubledinsize.Ihadfinallycometoaplace_______Icouldthinkinthisforeignlanguage,andIcouldseetheworldfromadifferentpointofview.IfeltasifIhadreachedthegoal________Ihadbeenfightingfor.Icouldopenabookandseemeanings,notjustaseaofwords.Ifinallyunderstoodthereason_____mymumhadencouragedmenottogiveup.Thanks,Mum!wherewhenwherethat/whichwhyActivity4:
Completethepassagewiththecorrectrelativeadverbsorpronouns.Addaprepositionwherenecessary.Activity5ExerciseFillintheblankswiththepassagewiththecorrectrelativeadverbsorpronouns.Addaprepositionwherenecessary.①Thisistheplace____________weheldapartylastweek.②Doyourememberthedays____________wespenttogetheronthefarm?③Idon’tknowthereason____________hedidn’tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterd
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