【高一 拓展閱讀-自然和環(huán)境】What Happens During a Tsunami

WhatHappensDuringaTsunami?Tsunamis(海嘯)arelargeandpowerfuloceanwavesthatgrowinsizeastheyreachtheshore.Theycancausemajordamageastheyrushinlandfloodingcitiesanddestroyinghomes.Tsunamisarecausedbyalargedisplacementofwater.Thinkofwhenyouaresittinginthebathtubandyoumoveforwardinthetub.ThiscancausearelativelylargewaveThesamethinghappensintheoceanwhenalargeamountofwaterissuddenlymovedAnumberofeventsmaycausethiskindofmovementincludingearthquakes,landslidesvolcaniceruptions,glaciersbreakingoff,andevenmeteorites.Mosttsunamisarecausedbyearthquakes.Anearthquakeoccurswhenalargeareaoftheearth’scrustsuddenlymoves.Whenthishappensunderwater,biggapsmayappearontheoceanfloor.Whenwatermovesintofillthisgap,atsunamiisborn.Whathappensduringatsunami?1.Oncethewaterismovedbyanearthquakeorotherevent,largewaveslikeripplesspreadoutfromthepointwherethewaterfirstmoved2.Thesewavescanmovequicklyandforverylongdistances.Sometsunamishavebeenknowntotravelforthousandsofmilesacrosstheoceanandtravelatspeedsofupto500milesperhour.3.Asthewavestravelthroughthedeeppartsoftheocean,theircrestisusuallyshortonlyafewfeettall.Thismakesitdifficulttodetectatsunamiastheyarenotnecessarilyvisibleinthedeepocean4.Whenthewavesapproachlandandshallowwater,theypileupandgrowinheight5.Atthecoastline（海岸線）,atrough（波谷）ofthewavemayappear.Thiswillcausedrawbacktooccurontheshoreline（海岸線）.thewatermayrecedeforsomedistanceThiscanbedangerousaspeoplemaybetemptedtowalkoutintotheopenarea6.Whenthewavearrivesontheshore,itwillusuallybeatallwallofwater.Thewaterwillrushinland,sometimesforsomedistanceandwithgreatspeedandpower.Theheightofthetsunamiwavewilldependonthetopographyoftheshoreline.Sometsunamishavebeenknowntoreachheightsof100feet.7.Morewavesmayarrive.ThetimeperiodbetweenwavesmaybeseveralminutesWhyaretsunamisdangerous？Eventhoughtsunamisslowdownastheyapproachtheshoreline,theycanstillbetravellingathighwayspeedsofover50milesperhour.Ahugewallofwatertravellingatthisspeedcancausemajordamage.Alargetsunamicantravelmanymilesinlandandwipeoutentirecoastalcities.ReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion1.Whatisatsunami?A.Anyearthquakethatcausessignificantdamage.B.Alargestormwithveryhighspeedwinds.C.Alargeandpowerfuloceanwave.D.Atypeoftornado.2.Howdoesatsunamiform?A.Byalargedisplacementofwater.B.Bytherotationoftheearth.C.BythegravitationalpulloftheMoon.D.Bywindtravellingoverthesurfaceoftheocean.3.Whichofthefollowingnaturaleventscancauseatsunami?A.Earthquakes.B.Volcaniceruptions.C.Landslides.D.Alloftheabove.4.WhichoneisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?AWavescanmovequicklyduringatsunamiBAtsunamicanreachaheightof500feetC.AlargetsunamicantravelmanymilesinlandDEarthquakescausethemosttsunamis5.ThespeedthattsunamistravelastheyapproachtheshorelinecanreachA.100feetperhour.B.thousandsofmilesperhour.C.500milesperhour.D.50milesperhour.Vocabulary基礎(chǔ)詞powerful adj.強(qiáng)大的；強(qiáng)有力的；（藥等）有功效的 英(ofpeople)beingabletocontrolandinfluencepeopleandevents 記詞根記憶power（力量）+ful（有…的）→有力的inland adj.內(nèi)地的；內(nèi)陸的adv.在內(nèi)地,向內(nèi)陸 英inortowardsthemiddleofacountry；awayfromthecoast 記組合詞in（在…內(nèi)）+land（陸地）→內(nèi)地的event n.比賽項(xiàng)目；事件；大事；社交活動(dòng) 記聯(lián)想記憶預(yù)防（prevent）意外事件（event）earthquake n.地震 記組合詞earth（地球）+quake（震動(dòng)）→地震eruption n.（火山、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等）爆發(fā)；（疾?。┌l(fā)作 英anoccasionwhenavolcanosuddenlythrowsoutburningrocks, smoke,etc 記來自erupt（vi.爆發(fā)；噴發(fā)） 搭volcaniceruption火山爆發(fā)spread n./v.[spread-spread延伸；展開；傳播 英tocoveralargearea 記聯(lián)想記憶sp+read（閱讀）→通過閱讀來拓展我們的視野→延 伸shallow adj.淺的；膚淺的；微弱的英nothavingmuchdistancebetweenthetoporsurfaceandthebottom 記與shadow（影子）一起記 搭ashallowlake一個(gè)淺水湖occur ⅵ.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn) 記詞根記憶oc（表加強(qiáng)）+cur（跑,引申為“發(fā)生”）→發(fā)生例Itneveroccurstotheboytocontacthisparents.這個(gè)男孩從來沒有想過要聯(lián)系他的父母。coastal adj.沿海的 記詞根記憶coast（海濱）+al（…的）→沿海的Vocabulary進(jìn)階詞displacement n.取代；免職；被追遷徙；排量,排水量 英theactofforcingsb./sth.awayfromtheirhomeorpositionmeteorite n.隕石；隕星 英apieceofrockfromouterspacethathitstheearthssurface 記詞根記憶meteor（流星）+ite（表物）→隕石 搭meteoritefragment隕石碎片meteoriteimpact隕石撞擊crust n.地殼；硬的表面；面包皮 記聯(lián)想記憶這個(gè)鐵制品的外殼（crust）上布滿了一層銹（rust） 搭theearth’scrust地殼ripple n.細(xì)浪,漣漪v.起漣漪；傳開；傳遍 記聯(lián)想記憶riddle（謎語）變d為pp即ripple（細(xì)浪） 搭rippleeffect連鎖反應(yīng)crest n.頂峰,頂點(diǎn)；浪尖；羽冠v.達(dá)到頂點(diǎn) 記聯(lián)想記憶c+rest（休息）爬到頂峰再休息吧→頂峰detect vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)；察覺；偵查出；測(cè)出 記詞根記憶de（去掉）+tect（蓋子）去掉蓋子→發(fā)現(xiàn)例Therobotscandetectunauthorisedpersonnelandalertsecuritystaffimmediately機(jī)器人能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)未經(jīng)允許擅自闖入的人員,并馬上向保安人員發(fā)出警報(bào)。recede vi.消退；后退；漸漸遠(yuǎn)去；逐漸減弱 記詞根記憶re（