2023學(xué)年完整公開課版情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

ModalVerbI情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說話人的某種感情或語氣，對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的某種態(tài)度。表示“需要、可以、必須、應(yīng)當(dāng)”等。什么是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞？(ModalVerbs)Wordslikecan,will,may,must,andafewothersarecalledmodals.Modalverbshelpotherverbsexpressameaningoranidea.Somecommonusesofthemodalsarethese:Ability:1HecanspeakEnglishnow.2Hecouldn’tspeakEnglishayearago.3I’mnotabletocometothegameonFriday.Permission:

Allpassengersmaynowboard.Wecanboardnow.Obligation:

Youmustfastenyourseatbelts.

(strong)Youshouldpayattention.(weak)Yououghttopayattention.Possibility:1Itmayrain.2HowcouldIforgetanimportantthinglikethat?3Hecan’t/couldn’thaveknowntheresult.Meaningssimilartothoseofthemodalscanoftenbeconveyedbyrealverbforms:Hehasto……….=…must…isableto…speakEnglish…=…can…isallowedto……………=…may…issupposedto……………=…should…

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

不能單獨(dú)做謂語，除ought

和have外，后面只能接不帶to

的不定式。2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，但有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如can,will也有一般式和過去式的變化。只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的

can/could,may/might,oughtto,must可情態(tài)可實(shí)義的

need,dare/dared可情態(tài)可助動(dòng)詞的

shall/should,will/would相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的

haveto,usedto3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的“時(shí)態(tài)”形式并不是時(shí)間區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志，不少情況下，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式形式和過去式形式都可用來表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間、過去時(shí)間和將來時(shí)間。1)can的主要用法是：

A.

___________：

eg.Thegirlcandanceverywell.B.

_____________：

eg.Canthenewsbetrue?can和could：表示能力表示推測(cè)可能性（多用于疑問否定句中）在陳述句中表示客觀上的可能性，譯為“有時(shí)會(huì)”Itcanbeverycoldhereinwinter.其他用法：命令，疑惑，驚訝，不相信等。Ifyouwon’tkeepquiet,youcangetout!Youcan’tbeserious!Howcanyoubesorude?C.________________: eg.CanIsithere?表請(qǐng)求或允許2)could的主要用法是：

A.______________________________ ____________________:eg.Weallknewthattheyoungmancouldn’tbeadoctor.Icouldswimattheageoffive.FathersaidIcouldgooutwithmyfriends.could是can的過去式,表示過去的能力,許可和推測(cè)What’sfordinner?Icouldeatahorse.Mywifeisinhospital.Ourbabycouldarriveatanytime.B.could可代替can表示請(qǐng)求,語氣委婉eg.Couldyoulendmeyourbike?

CouldIuseyourbike?-Yes,youcanC表示現(xiàn)在的可能與能力，可能性要小D表輕微的責(zé)備Youcouldbemorecareful.5)

eg.Isawhimjustnowsohecouldn’thavegoneabroad.can’t/couldn’thavedone過否猜mustdo/be現(xiàn)肯猜can'tdo/be現(xiàn)否猜musthavedone過肯猜may和might

：

may常用來表示：

A._________________________

eg.MayIcomein?Yes,please.B.________________________表示請(qǐng)求、允許;比can正式:eg.--IbelievethemanisfromEngland.--ButImaybewrong.Theguest

may

arrivethisafternoon表示猜測(cè)答語避免使用may，以免顯得太嚴(yán)肅或太不客氣

C._____________________eg.May

yousucceed!

May

youhaveagoodjourney!表示祝愿;語氣較正式:多在間接引語中表示過去的可能和允許。也可以表示現(xiàn)在的可能性，但是比may表示的可能性更小，且might可以用于虛擬語氣，may不可以。might的用法有:

Shesaidthathemighttakeherbike.

她說他可以拿她的自行車去用。Youmightgetsomehelpfromherifshewerehere.must的主要用法：

如：Wemustn’twasteourtime.MayItakethismagazineout?No,youmustn’t.

注意:mustnot:“禁止”。must用于一般疑問句的時(shí)候，肯定回答用yes,please或者I’mafraidso,其否定回答用needn’t或者don’thaveto1.______________________eg:Youmustgetupearly.表示強(qiáng)制/義務(wù)。4.表示“偏偏,非得”，表達(dá)對(duì)某事的不滿或責(zé)備等情緒。WhymustitrainonSunday?3.must表示推測(cè)，語氣非?？隙?，近乎確定的意味，一般用在肯定句。意為“一定是”。如：Itmustbeeleveno’clocknow.

Hemustgocrazy.IfMarydidn’tleavehereuntilfiveo’clock,shecan’tbehomeyet.

shall和should：

1.PerhapsIshallpayavisittoEnglandthiswinter.可能今年冬天我會(huì)去英國(guó)觀光。

（構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí),助動(dòng)詞）shall用于構(gòu)成將來時(shí)是助動(dòng)詞。Shallwegobytrain,Mom?媽媽，我們乘火車去好嗎？Shallhecomein?要他進(jìn)來嗎？2.用于征求意見,是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,一般用于第一人稱和第三人稱Don’tworry,youshallgetthebook.Nothingshallstopus.Youshallgetwhatyoudeserve.Heshallbepunishedifhebreakstherule.Nooneshallsmokehere.

3.用于表允諾，決心，警告，命令,或頒布法令規(guī)定等。用于二三人稱。4.eg:Youshouldkeepyourpromise.*表示“按理說”。It’s8o’clocknow,heshouldbehereatanymoment.*表埋怨，用于“Shouldn’t…?”Shouldn’tyoubedoingyourhomeworknow?*表驚訝，“居然，竟然”

ItisverystrangethatIshouldmeetanoldclassmateofminehere.should表示義務(wù)/建議/勸告，意為“應(yīng)該”。will和would：1.Iwilltellyousomethingimportant.我將要告訴你一些重要的事WillyoutellherthatI'mhere?

請(qǐng)您告訴她說我在這兒，好嗎?

Itoldhimnottodoit,buthewould.

（助動(dòng)詞）

（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）will是助動(dòng)詞或是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于構(gòu)成將來時(shí)是助動(dòng)詞。用于表“意志/決心/請(qǐng)求”是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。would亦同理，只是表過去。2._________________________Wouldyouhelpus,please?請(qǐng)您幫助我們，好嗎？I’dgotherewithyou.我要和你一塊到那兒去。

Teacherwouldn’tallowit.老師不會(huì)允許這件事。（表請(qǐng)求）would比will客氣委婉。（表意愿）（表許可）表委婉不是表過去3.________________________________She’lllistentomusicforhours.Hewouldspendhoursonthetelephone.Oilandwaterwillnotmix.表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或必然趨勢(shì)，“總是，習(xí)慣于”辨析wouldusedtowould表過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向“總是,總要”usedto表過去常常（現(xiàn)在已沒有這種習(xí)慣）“過去常常”usedto可于狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用would不可以eg.Heusedtobeaquietboy.(

)Hewouldbeaquietboy.(

)

√×不能和將來時(shí)間連用____Igoouttoplay,mum?No,you___.Youshoulddoyourhomeworkfirst.A.Might;wouldn’tB.May;hadbetternotC.Must;mustn’tD.Need;mustn’tExercise

2.WhereisEmma?Ican’tsayforsurewheresheis,butshe___beoutshopping.A.canB.shouldC.mustD.may3.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it____cleaned.A.can’thavebeenB.couldn’tbeC.mayhavebeenD.wouldbe4.There____beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepractisedalotinthedrivingschool.A.mustn’tB.shan’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t1Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountry____beunderadultsupervisionwheninapubliclibrary.

(2007上海）

A.mustB.mayC.canD.need直擊高考2—What’sthename？

—Khulaifi._____Ispellthatforyou？（2008北京）

A.MightB.WouldC.CanD.Shall3

Someaspectsofapilot’sjob_____beboring,andpilotsoften_____workatinconvenienthours.（2006湖南）

A.can；havetoB.may；canC.haveto;mayD.oughtto;must4Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I_____thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.(2006江西）

AshouldhavetakenBcouldhavetakenCneedn’thavetakenDmustn’thavetaken5—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?—It________be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.（2007全國(guó)I）

A.willB.wouldC.shouldD.must6

Itoldyourfriendhowtogettothehotel,butperhapsI

havedrivenherthere.（2009陜西）

A.could B.must C.night D.should根據(jù)漢語完成句子。A:____________________(我可以跟朋友去)totheharvestfestival?B:Yes,youmay.A:IfIwanttobeadoctor,___________________(我應(yīng)該學(xué)理科嗎)?B:Ithinkso.MayIgowithfriendsshouldIstudyscience3.Idon'tknowwheresheis,she________________(可能在武漢).4.Atthismoment,ourteacher_______________(想必在批改)ourexampapers.5.Theroadiswet.It________________(肯定下雨了)lastnight.6.Yourmother____________________________(一定一直在找你).maymustbemarkingmusthaverainedmusthavebeenlookingbeinWuhanforyou7.Philip______________________________________________________(可能在車禍中受了重傷).8.Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.She____________________(可能上班)bybus.9.Mike_______________(一定還沒有找回)hiscar,forhecametoworkbybusthismorning.may(might)havebeenhurtmay(might)havegonecan’thavefoundseriouslyinthecaraccidentDiscoveringusefulstructures1.Mostancientfestivalswouldcelebratetheendofcoldweather….2.Sometimescelebrationswouldbeheldafterhuntershadcaughtanimals3.Atthattimepeoplewould

starveiffoodwasdifficulttofind….4.…ortosatisfytheancestors,whomightreturneithertohelportodoharm.5.FortheJapanesefestivalObon,peopleshouldgotocleangraves….Answerkeyforexercise1onpage5

6.Itisnowachildren’sfestival,whentheycandressupandgo….7.…thechildrenmightplayatrickonthem.8.Festivalscanalsobeheldtohonourfamouspeople9.HarvestandThanksgivingfestivalscanbeveryhappyevents.10.InEuropeancountries,peoplewillusuallydecoratechurchesandtownhalls11.Somepeoplemightwinawardsfortheirfarmproduce….12.AttheSpringFestivalinchina,people…maygivechildrenluckymoneyinredpaper13.Thesecarnivalsmightincludeparades,dancinginthestreets….14.Thecountry…looksasthoughitmightbecoveredwithpinksnow.

1.ability,ability,permission,possibility,request

2.permissionorrequest,possibility3.promiseorprediction,pasthabit,request4.promise,adviceprediction5.adviceornecessity,guessing,guessingAnswerkeyforexercise2onpage5Sa