統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的圖表展示課件

-

LOGO第3

章描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Descriptive

Statistics:Tabular

and

GraphicalMethodsAdd

your

company

slogan1Summarizing

Qualitative

DataExploratory

Data

AnalysisCrosstabulationsand

Scatter

Diagrams品質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)匯總Summarizing

Quantitative

Data數(shù)量數(shù)據(jù)匯總探索性數(shù)據(jù)分析:莖葉圖交叉分組列表和散點(diǎn)圖Contents2-Frequency

DistributionRelative

Frequency相對(duì)頻數(shù)Percent

FrequencyDistribution百分?jǐn)?shù)Pie

Chart餅狀圖Bar

Graph3-條形圖頻數(shù)分布.乒乓球 羽毛球 舉重 乒乓球 羽毛球乒乓球柔道舉重 舉重 跳水 跳水 跳水跳水

射擊 體操 羽毛球 柔道舉重 田徑羽毛球 跆拳道中國體育代表團(tuán)在悉尼奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲金牌的項(xiàng)目舉重

射擊

射擊

跳水

體操

體操

乒乓球

舉重STAT《統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)》第二章統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)4-獲金牌項(xiàng)目金牌數(shù)

占總數(shù)比例跳水舉重

乒乓球羽毛球體操５枚５枚

４枚

４枚３枚射擊柔道田徑３枚

２枚

１枚跆拳道

１枚0.17860.17860.14290.14290.10710.10710.07140.03570.0357品質(zhì)數(shù)列STAT《統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)》第二章統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)5-獲金牌項(xiàng)目金牌數(shù)

占總數(shù)比例0.17860.17860.14290.14290.10710.10710.07140.03570.0357變量值x跳水

５枚舉重

次數(shù)

５枚乒乓球

f

４枚羽毛球

４枚體操

３枚射擊 ３枚柔道

２枚田徑

１枚跆拳道

１枚頻率f

/∑fSTAT《統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)》第二章統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)6-圓形圖（餅圖

Pie）STAT《統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)》第二章統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)7-STAT《統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)》第二章統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)圓形圖（餅圖

Pie）8-STAT《統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)》第二章統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)圓形圖（餅圖

Pie）9-10-11-Bar

Charts條狀圖Bar

charts

provide

an

alternative

to

pie

charts.The

frequency

(or

relative

frequency)

of

eachcategoryis

represented

by

a

vertical

bar.Example

2.3

-

continued

(Excelrepresentation)7312-5236642813-STAT《統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)》第二章統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)條形圖（Bar）14-田徑跆拳道柔道體操射擊羽毛球乒乓球跳水舉重Count302826242220181614121086420Percent10090807060504030201002334455帕累托圖Pareto0-80%A類因素80-90%B類因素90-100%C類因素15-3.3數(shù)值型數(shù)據(jù)的整理與展示16-Frequency

Distribution頻數(shù)分布RelativeFrequencyand

PercentFrequency

Distributions相對(duì)頻數(shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)Dot

Plot打點(diǎn)圖Histogram直方圖Cumulative

Distributions累計(jì)分布圖Ogive穹形圖某年級(jí)83名女生身高資料身高

人數(shù)（CM）

（人）1634身高

人數(shù)（CM）

（人）12

1717

172總計(jì)83變量值x次數(shù)f15211643154216581552166515641673157116871582169115921705160161162單值（項(xiàng)）數(shù)列8

17423117-身高

人數(shù)

比重（CM）（人）（%）150-15533.61155-1601113.25160-1653440.96165-1702428.92170以上1113.25總計(jì)83100組距數(shù)列某年級(jí)次8數(shù)3名女生頻身率高資料f

f/Σf18-某年級(jí)83名女生身高資料身高（CM）150-155155-160160-165165-170170以上總計(jì)組距數(shù)列上組限U下組限L人數(shù)組距d（人）d=U-L如3：160-155=5組中值x11342411

x=(U+L)/2如8:3(165+170)/2=167.5開口組

d=鄰組d估計(jì)上組限為175估計(jì)組中值為172.519-單值數(shù)列組距為2.5的組距數(shù)列組距為4的組距數(shù)列組距為6的組距數(shù)列-20組數(shù)Sturges

經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式最小K值法21-組距、組上限、組下限22-頻數(shù)表（用SPSS制作）有效

頻數(shù) 頻率

有效

累計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)

頻率 頻率約2/3的人身高不超過165cm23-Relative

Frequency

and

Percent

FrequencyDistributions24-RelativeCost

($)

FrequencyPercentFrequency50-59

.04460-69

.262670-79

.323280-89

.141490-99

.1414100-109

.1010Total

1.00100Example: Hudson

Auto

RepairDot

Plot25-One

of

the

simplest

graphical

summaries

of

data

is

a

dot

plot.A

horizontal

axis

shows

the

range

of

data

values.Then

each

data

value

is

represented

by

a

dotplacedabove

the

axis.Example: Hudson

AutoRepair.100110Dot

Plot.

.50.

..

..

...

.............

...... ... ....60

70

80

90Cost

($)26-直方圖（Histogram）27-直方圖條形圖28-直方圖29-研究貧富差別的基本方法：將人口按

收入水平等分為5

組，觀察收入差別。20%20%

20%

20%20%中國fh十年代：最富的20％家庭擁有全部財(cái)富的48％，最窮的20％家庭擁有全部財(cái)富的4％。30-Lorentz

CurveLorentz

CuGrve＝A/（A＋B）ABCumulativerelativepercent

ofpopulationCumulative

relative

percent

of

income累計(jì)次數(shù)分布圖-3132-Exploratory

Data

Analysis33-The

techniques

of

exploratory

data

analysis

consistofsimple

arithmetic

and

easy-to-draw

pictures

that

canbe

used

to

summarize

dataquickly.One

such

technique

is

the

stem-and-leafdisplay.Stem-and-Leaf

Display34-Astem-and-leaf

display

shows

both

the

rank

order

and

shape

of

the

distribution

of

the

data.It

is

similar

to

a

histogramon

its

side,

but

it

has

theadvantage

of

showing

the

actual

data

values.The

first

digits

of

each

data

item

are

arranged

to

theleft

of

a

vertical

line.To

the

right

of

the

vertical

line

we

record

the

lastdigitfor

each

item

in

rankorder.Each

line

in

the

display

is

referred

to

as

a

stem.Each

digit

on

a

stem

is

a

leaf.Example: Hudson

Auto

RepairStem-and-Leaf

Display5

276

22225678889997

112234455567898

00235899

137778910

1455935-StretchedStem-and-Leaf

Display36-If

we

believe

the

original

stem-and-leafdisplayhas

condensed

the

data

too

much,

we

canstretch

the

display

by

using

two

more

stems

foreach

leading

digit(s).Whenever

a

stem

value

is

stated

twice,

the

firstvalue

corresponds

to

leaf

values

of0-4,

and

thesecond

values

corresponds

to

values

of

5-9.Example: Hudson

Auto

Repair37