初中英語(yǔ)中考二輪復(fù)習(xí)+專(zhuān)題一　名詞課件

名詞考點(diǎn)1名詞的數(shù)1.可數(shù)名詞(1)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況下,在名詞詞尾加-smap→maps,boy→boys以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞,在詞尾加-esbus→buses,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞,先將y變成i,再加-esdictionary→dictionaries,country→countries以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,先將f或fe變成v,再加-esleaf→leaves,knife→knives以o結(jié)尾的名詞,有生命的在詞尾加-es;無(wú)生命的在詞尾加-shero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes,photo→photos注意初中階段以o結(jié)尾的單詞只有tomato,

potato,

hero,

superhero后面加-es,其他以o結(jié)尾的單詞都加-s。(2)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化

構(gòu)成方法例詞a變eman→men,woman→women,policeman→policemenoo變eefoot→feet,tooth→teeth單復(fù)數(shù)同形sheep→sheep,deer→deer某國(guó)人:中日不變,英法變,其余后面加-sChinese→Chinese,Frenchman→Frenchmen,German→Germans其他mouse→mice,child→children(3)可數(shù)名詞的修飾詞many(許多),afew(一些;幾個(gè)),few(幾乎沒(méi)有),several(幾個(gè)),anumberof(許多),acoupleof(一對(duì);幾個(gè)),howmany(多少),toomany(太多)。2.不可數(shù)名詞(1)不可數(shù)名詞的量化

不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量時(shí),用“數(shù)詞或冠詞+計(jì)量名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”表示。不可數(shù)名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式,如果變復(fù)數(shù),只變計(jì)量名詞。apieceofpaper一張紙,twopiecesofpaper兩張紙,aglassofmilk一杯牛奶,fourglassesofmilk四杯牛奶(2)不可數(shù)名詞的修飾詞much(許多),alittle(一點(diǎn)兒),little(幾乎沒(méi)有),howmuch(多少),toomuch(太多),abitof(一點(diǎn)兒),agreat/gooddealof(很多),alargeamountof(大量的)。3.既可作可數(shù)名詞又可作不可數(shù)名詞的詞,但意義不同

名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)orange橙子橙汁room房間空間chicken雞雞肉time次數(shù);倍數(shù)

時(shí)間paper試卷;報(bào)紙;文件紙life生命生活experience經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗(yàn)work作品工作glass玻璃杯玻璃light電燈光exercise練習(xí)鍛煉fish魚(yú)魚(yú)肉即學(xué)即練1.(2023·青島市北區(qū)二模)These

(German)havebeeninChinaformanyyears.

2.(2022·揚(yáng)州)Workingasateammeanscelebrating

(victory)andfacinglossestogether.

3.(2022·泰州)ThefilmThe

Battle

at

Lake

Changjin(《長(zhǎng)津湖》)showedusmany

(hero)intheWartoResistUSAggressionandAidKorea(抗美援朝戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)).

4.Therearemore

(sheep)inAustraliathaninJapan.5.(2021·廣安改編)Westernpeopleliketouse

(knife)andforkswhiletheyareeating.

Germansvictoriesheroessheepknives6.(2023·云南師大實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)三模)Couldyougivemesome

(advice)abouthowtogetonwithothers?

7.Asparents,youshouldkeepthese

(match)awayfromthechildren.8.Ihadalotofinteresting

(experience)duringmystayinChina.

9.Shedidn’thavemuch

(experience)incooking.

10.Ihavetwo

(orange)andthreebottlesof

(orange)here.

advicematchesexperiencesexperienceorangesorange考點(diǎn)2名詞所有格1.’s所有格

構(gòu)成例子有生命的單數(shù)名詞在詞尾加-’sthegirl’sfather女孩的父親表示時(shí)間、國(guó)家、距離等名詞

在詞尾加-’stoday’snewspaper今天的報(bào)紙;China’sdevelopment中國(guó)的發(fā)展復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾的加-’twohours’walk兩個(gè)小時(shí)的步行不以s結(jié)尾的加-’schildren’sbooks兒童書(shū)籍各自擁有分別在每個(gè)名詞后加-’sMary’sandHelen’srooms瑪麗的房間和海倫的房間共同擁有在最后一個(gè)名詞后加-’sMaryandHelen’sroom瑪麗和海倫的房間2.of所有格一般來(lái)說(shuō),表示無(wú)生命的名詞的所有格常用of表示。thedooroftheroom房間的門(mén),thecoloroftheclothes衣服的顏色3.雙重所有格(1)of+-’s所有格afriendofmyfather’s

我父親的一個(gè)朋友(2)of+名詞性物主代詞abookof

mine

我的一本書(shū)注意雙重所有格和of所有格的區(qū)別:a

photo

of

Tom’s

湯姆的照片(照片屬于湯姆,但照片上的人不一定是湯姆)a

photo

of

Tom湯姆的照片(照片上的人是湯姆本人)即學(xué)即練1.(2023·郴州)Myparentstookmetotheamusementparkon

(child)Day.Thereweresomanyexcitingthingstodothere.

2.Theseare

(yesterday)newspapers.

3.Afterafew

(month)exercise,Ifinallygotconfidenceandcourageinmyvoice.

4.(2023·瀘州市瀘縣四中三模)—Whatis

(JimandTom)brother?

—Heisapoliceman.5.Upstairsare

(LilyandLucy)bedrooms.Theyaretidyandnice.Butoursareinamess.

Children’syesterday’smonths’JimandTom’sLily’sandLucy’s考點(diǎn)3名詞作定語(yǔ)1.名詞作定語(yǔ),一般用單數(shù)形式。如果變復(fù)數(shù),只把被修飾的詞變成復(fù)數(shù)。Myfatherplantedanapple

treelastyear.去年我爸爸種了一棵蘋(píng)果樹(shù)。Thereare10boy

studentsintheclassroom.教室里有10個(gè)男生。2.man或woman作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí),如果變復(fù)數(shù),man或woman與被修飾的詞都變成復(fù)數(shù)。Theyareallmen

doctors.他們都是男醫(yī)生。3.sport作定語(yǔ)時(shí),用復(fù)數(shù)。Oursports

meetingwillbeheldnextSaturdaymorning.我們的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將在下周六早晨舉行。4.“基數(shù)詞-名詞(-形容詞)”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞用單數(shù)。afive-poundnote一張5英鎊的紙幣,a4-year-oldboy一個(gè)4歲的男孩即學(xué)即練1.我想要兩碗西紅柿雞蛋面。2.他們班有20個(gè)女生。3.我們班女老師的數(shù)量是6個(gè)。4.下個(gè)月我媽媽將有一個(gè)10天的假期。I’dliketwobowlsoftomatoandeggnoodles.Thereare20girlstudentsintheirclass.Thenumberofthewomenteachersinourclassissix.Mymotherwillhaveaten-dayholidaynextmonth.考點(diǎn)4名詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1.動(dòng)詞變名詞

構(gòu)詞法例詞+-er/-or/-rteach→teacher,work→worker,act→actor,visit→visitor,drive→driver,write→writer特殊:win→winner,run→runner+-ingfeel→feeling,build→building,mean→meaning特殊:begin→beginning構(gòu)詞法例詞+-mentdevelop→development,agree→agreement+-ressact→actress,wait→waitress+-(t)ion/-(s)ioncollect→collection,invent→invention,pollute→pollution,celebrate→celebration,invite→invitation,prepare→preparation特殊:decide→decision其他fail→failure,succeed→success,die→death,advise→advice,choose→choice,weigh→weight2.形容詞變名詞

構(gòu)詞法例詞去t+-cedifferent→difference,important→importance+-ness,y變i+-nesskind→kindness,ill→illness,happy→happiness,busy→business+-th,去e+-thwarm→warmth,true→truth+-y/-ty/-ity,去e+-itydifficult→difficulty,safe→safety,active→activity,creative→creativity其他high→height,proud→pride,medical→medicine3.名詞變名詞(表人)構(gòu)詞法例詞+-r/-er/-orvillage→villager,farm→farmer+-ist,去o+-istart→artist,violin→violinist,tour→tourist,piano→pianist特殊:science→scientist+-n/-an/-ian,去a+-ianAsia→Asian,Europe→European,music→musician,Canada→Canadian即學(xué)即練1.(2023·青島李滄區(qū)二模)Look!The

(tour)ontheGreatWallaretakingphotoshappily.

2.(2023·吉林省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)質(zhì)檢)Thefansshoutedwith

(excite)whentheysawthefamoussinger.

3.(2022·南京秦淮一模)Sincethe73-year-oldmanmadethe

(decide)totravelaroundtheworld,hehasnevergivenuphishope.

4.(2023·揚(yáng)州市邗江區(qū)梅嶺中學(xué)三模)Idon’tthinkheistellingusthewhole

(true)aboutwhathappened.

5.Tooursurprise,an8-year-oldgirlbecamethe

(win)ofthedancingcompetition.

touristsexcitementdecisiontruthwinner6.(2023·無(wú)錫外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校二模)Attheconcert,those

(music)skillsimpressedthelittleboysomuch.

7.(2022·南京鼓樓一模)LeonardodaVinciwasfamousnotonlyasanartist,butalsoasan

(invent).

8.(2023·無(wú)錫外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校一模)WhileI’mwalkinginthewoods,Ilikethe

(feel)ofpeaceandquiet.

musicians’inventorfeeling專(zhuān)題精練Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thedoctortellsustobrushour

(tooth)aftermeals.

2.Look,the

(child)arehavingagoodtimeflyingkitesinthepark.

3.(2023·龍東地區(qū))WorldHealthDayisusedtohighlight(強(qiáng)調(diào))the

(important)ofpersonalhealth.

4.(2023·無(wú)錫)The

(win)ofthisyear’sSpellingBeeis...Daniel!

5.Thechildrenshoutedwith

(excite)whentheywontheprize.

6.Chinesepeoplearetryingtheirbesttobringmoreandmore

(happy)tothemselves.

teethchildrenimportancewinnerexcitementhappiness7.(2023·日照)Ourcityreceivedalotof

(visit)duringMayDayholiday.8.(2023·揚(yáng)州市邗江區(qū)梅嶺中學(xué)三模)Allthe

(hero)namesarecarvedonthestone.Theyaretheprideofourcountry.

9.(2023·無(wú)錫外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校二模)Thankyouforgivingme

(suggest)onhowtoimprovemyoralEnglish.Theydohelpmealot.

10.(2023·上海市黃浦區(qū)三模)Theaverage

(weigh)ofababyatbirthisjustoversevenpounds.

11.(2023·云南師大實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)三模)Finallyshemadea

(decide)togoonclimbingthemountainalthoughshewasbadlyhurt.

12.(2022·盤(pán)錦)Alisawillpickstrawberriesand

(tomato)withherfathertomorrow.

visitorsheroes’suggestionsweightdecisiontomatoes13.(2022·云南)TouristscanseemanyWestern-style

(build)inShanghaiDisneyland.

14.(2022·麗水改編)Mandyisn’tallowedtodrivebecauseherparentsworryabouther

(safe).

15.(2023·青島嶗山區(qū)二模)TheTiangongspacestationisthe

(proud)ofallChinese.

16.(2022·永州)WeChineseshouldbeproudofourhistory,ourwrittenlanguage,our

(invent)andourachievements.

buildingssafetyprideinventions17.(2022·臨沂)TwoChinese

(woman)havebeentospacesofar.They’reLiuYangandWangYaping.

18.Theroofofthehouseiscoveredwithlotsof

(leaf).

19.Therearethree

(photo)onthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.

20.JimandIsharesimilartastesand

(hobby).Wetakepartinlotsofmeaningfulsocialactivitiestogether.

womenleavesphotoshobbiesⅡ.選詞填空1.(2023·東營(yíng))Thenapduringthelunchbreakhelpsushavemore

(luck/wealth/energy/courage)intheafternoon.

2.(2023·濱州)—What’syoursecretofwritingsowell?—Ireadalot,andtheworksofLuXunhadastrong___________________(difference/attention/situation/influence)onmeasachild.3.(2023·江西)—Kevin,couldyoupassmesome_______________________(rice/bread/water/chicken)?It’ssohottoday.I’mreallythirsty.

—OK.Hereyouare.energyinfluencewater4.(2023·天津)Peopleallovertheworldlovepandas,andthepandahasbecomea

(festival/poem/guest/symbol)ofChina.

5.(2023·揚(yáng)州)—WhatplacesofinterestarethereinYangzhou?—IrecommendtheSlenderWestLake.Aboattourisawonderful

(movement/attraction/experience/research)!

6.(2023·武漢)—Peterwaspickedouttobeontheschoolvolleyballteam.—Hisheightgiveshimabig_____________(situation/challenge/achievement/advantage).symbolexperienceadvantage7.(2023·荊州)—WhatcanyoulearnfromJourney

to

the

West?—Ilearnthatweshouldhaveenough

(danger/success/courage/excitement)toover-comethedifficultiesinourlife.8.(2023·無(wú)錫外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校一模)TheWandering

EarthseriesandTVdramaThree-BodyonceagainbroughtLiuCixin,afamoussciencefictionwriter,tothe

(notice/interest/attention/attraction)ofChinesepeople.

9.(2023·上海市黃浦區(qū)三模)Youcanfindmore

(truth/information/fact/opinion)abouttravelaroundShanghaiontheInternet.

10.(2023·巴川中學(xué)二模)Sandyisacleverboy.Hehasfixedupthemachineaccordingtothe

(instructions/inventions/invitations/interview).

courageattentioninformationinstructionsⅢ.翻譯句子1.昨天我在超市里買(mǎi)了一些土豆和牛肉。2.你能給我六瓶橙汁嗎?3.學(xué)校離我家只有十分鐘的步行路程。4.明天兩個(gè)女科學(xué)家將來(lái)我們的學(xué)校。5.昨天我們的語(yǔ)文老師讓我們寫(xiě)一篇600字的文章。Iboughtsomepotatoesandbeefinthesupermarketyesterday.Canyougivemesixbottlesoforange?It’sonlytenminutes’walkfromtheschooltomyhome.Twowomenscientistswillcometoourschooltom