1987考研英語(yǔ)真題及答案

1987年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題SectionI:StructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaught________therainyesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]1.Theskyscraperstandsout________thebluesky.[A]in[B]against[C]under[D]beneath2.Theyhavealwaysbeenongood________withtheirnext-doorneighbors.[A]friendship[B]relations[C]connection[D]terms3.Hello!Isthat21035?Pleaseputme________tothemanager.[A]across[B]up[C]through[D]over4.Whydoyoulookso________?Youneversmileorlookcheerful.[A]miserable[B]unfortunate[C]sorry[D]rude5.Eggs,thoughnourishing,have________offatcontent.[A]largenumber[B]alargenumber[C]thehighamount[D]ahighamount6.Jimalways________hisclassmatesinadebate.[A]backsout[B]backsaway[C]backsup[D]backsdown7.Mostofthepeoplewho________twoworldwarsarestronglyagainstarmsrace.[A]havelivedout[B]havelivedthrough[C]havelivedon[D]havelivedoff8.Therearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobe________whenyouarecamping.[A]putup[B]putupwith[C]putoff[D]putaway9.Isittruethatthoseoldhousesarebeingpulleddown________newofficeblocks?[A]toaccommodate[B]toprovidefor[C]toincrease[D]tomakeroomfor10.Beinginnogreathurry,________.[A]wewentthelongroutewithscenery[B]thelong,scenicroutewasourpreference[C]wetookthelongscenicroute[D]ourpreferencewastakingthelong,scenicrouteSectionII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthreepassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers,readthepassagecarefullygunsandstrategicinstrumentswhereotheraircraftcannotgo.Corporationsusethemasairborneoffices,manymetropolitanareasusetheminpolicework,constructionandloggingcompaniesemploytheminvariousadvantageousways,engineersusethemforsiteselectionandsurveying,andoilcompaniesusethemasthebestwaytomakeoffshoreandremoteworkstationsaccessibletocrewsandsupplies.Anyurgentmissiontoahard-to-get-toplaceisalikelytaskforahelicopter.Amongtheirothermultitudeofused:deliverpeopleacrosstown,flytoandfromairports,assistinrescuework,andaidinthesearchformissingorwantedpersons.11.Peopleexpectthat________.[A]theairlinersoftodaywouldeventuallybereplacedbyhelicopters[B]helicopterswouldsomedaybeabletotransportlargenumberofpeoplefromplacetoplaceasairlinersarenowdoing[C]theimaginationsfiredbytheRussianengineer’sinventionwouldbecomearealityinthefuture[D]theirfantasticexpectationsabouthelicopterscouldbefulfilledbyairlinersoftoday12.Helicoptersworkwiththeaidof________.[A]acombinationofrotatingdevicesinfrontandontop[B]arotatingdevicetopside[C]onerotatingfaninthecenteroftheaircraftandothersateachend[D]arotatingfanunderneathforlifting13.Whatissaidaboutthedevelopmentofthehelicopter?[A]Helicoptershaveonlybeenworkedonbymansince1940.[B]Chinesechildrenwerethefirsttoachieveflightinhelicopters.[C]Helicopterswereconsideredmoredangerousthantheearlyairplanes.[D]Somepeoplethoughttheywouldbecomewidelyusedbyaverageindividuals.14.Howhastheuseofhelicoptersdeveloped?[A]Theyhavebeenwidelyusedforvariouspurposes.[B]Theyaretakingtheplaceofhigh-flyingjets.[C]Theyareusedforrescuework.[D]Theyarenowusedexclusivelyforcommercialprojects.15.Underwhatconditionsarehelicoptersfoundtobeabsolutelyessential?[A]Foroverseaspassengertransportation.[B]Forextremelyhighaltitudeflights.[C]Forhigh-speedtransportation.[D]Forurgentmissiontoplacesinaccessibletootherkindsofcraft.Text2InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligiousassociations.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonorofZeus,kingoftheOlympianGods,eventuallylostitslocalcharacter,becamefirstanationaleventandthen,aftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,international.NooneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreece,OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonoredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonorthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoney,theywere,infact,richlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwithmodernstandards,weunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1,200years,theGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.TheycontinuedforsuchalongtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:theideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthymind,andthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover1,500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilities,includingastadium,swimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodation,butcompetingcourtierspaytheirownathletes’expenses.TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorch,lightedonMount16.InancientGreece,theOlympicGames________.[A]weremerelynationalathleticfestivals[B]wereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrongreligiouscolour[C]hadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsinadisadvantageousposition[D]wereprimarilynationaleventswithfewforeignparticipants17.IntheearlydaysofancientOlympicGames________.[A]onlymaleGreekathleteswereallowedtoparticipateinthegames[B]allGreeks,irrespectiveofsex,religionorsocialstatus,wereallowedtotakepart[C]allGreeks,withtheexceptionofwomen,wereallowedtocompeteinGames[D]allmaleGreekswerequalifiedtocompeteintheGames18.TheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics________.[A]hasnotdefinitelybeenestablished[B]variedaccordingtothenumberofforeigncompetitors[C]wasdecidedbyZeus,inwhosehonortheGameswereheld[D]wasconsideredunimportant19.Modernathletes’resultscannotbecomparedwiththoseofancientrunnersbecause________.[A]theGreekshadnomeansofrecordingtheresults[B]theyaremuchbetter[C]detailssuchasthetimewerenotrecordedinthepast[D]theyaremuchworse20.Nowadays,theathletes’expensesarepaidfor________.[A]outoftheprizemoneyofthewinners[B]outofthefundsraisedbythecompetingnations[C]bytheathletesthemselves[D]bycontributionsText3Insciencethemeaningoftheword“explain”sufferswithcivilization’severystepinsearchofreality.Sciencecannotreallyexplainelectricity,magnetism,andgravitation;theireffectscanbemeasuredandpredicted,butoftheirnaturenomoreisknowntothemodernscientistthantoThaleswhofirstlookedintothenatureoftheelectrificationofamber,ahardyellowish-browngum.Mostcontemporaryphysicistsrejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces“really”are.“Electricity,”BertrandRussellsays,“isnotathing,likeSt.Paul’sCathedral;itisawayinwhichthingsbehave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhentheyareelectrified,andunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrified,wehavetoldallthereistotell.”Untilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea.Aristotle,forexample,whosenaturalsciencedominatedWesternthoughtfortwothousandyears,believedthatmancouldarriveatanunderstandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-evidentprinciples.Hefelt,forexample,thatitisaself-evidentprinciplethateverythingintheuniversehasitsproperplace,henceonecandeducethatobjectsfalltothegroundbecausethat’swheretheybelong,andsmokegoesupbecausethat’swhereitbelongs.ThegoalofAristoteliansciencewastoexplainwhythingshappen.ModernsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginatedthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasisofscientificinvestigation.21.Theaimofcontrolledscientificexperimentsis________.[A]toexplainwhythingshappen[B]toexplainhowthingshappen[C]todescribeself-evidentprinciples[D]tosupportAristotelianscience22.Whatprinciplesmostinfluencedscientificthoughtfortwothousandyears?[A]thespeculationsofThales[B]theforcesofelectricity,magnetism,andgravity[C]Aristotle’snaturalscience[D]Galileo’sdiscoveries23.BertrandRussell’snotionaboutelectricityis________.[A]disapprovedofbymostmodernscientists[B]inagreementwithAristotle’stheoryofself-evidentprinciples[C]inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward“how”thingshappen[D]inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward“why”thingshappen24.Thepassagesaysthatuntilrecentlyscientistsdisagreedwiththeidea________.[A]thattherearemysteriousforcesintheuniverse[B]thatmancannotdiscoverwhatforces“really”are[C]thatthereareself-evidentprinciples[D]thatwecandiscoverwhythingsbehaveastheydo25.Modernsciencecameintobeing________.[A]whenthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwasfirstintroduced[B]whenGalileosucceededinexplaininghowthingshappen[C]whenAristotelianscientisttriedtoexplainwhythingshappen[D]whenscientistswereabletoacquireanunderstandingofrealityofreasoningSectionIII:StructureandVocabularyFillintheblankswiththewordswhichbestcompletethesentence.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itwasthelargestexperimentwehaveeverhad,it________sixhours.[A]ended[B]finished[C]was[D]lastedANSWER:[D]26.Asscheduled,thecommunicationssatellitewentinto________roundtheearth.[A]circle[B]orbit[C]path[D]course27.WhenIsawJane,Istoppedandsmiled,butshe________meandwalkedon.[A]refused[B]ignored[C]denied[D]missed28.Itwasagoodgame,andattheendthe________wasArgentina3,WestGermany2.[A]mark[B]account[C]record[D]score29.Georgetook________ofthefineweathertodoaday’sworkinhisgarden.[A]chance[B]interest[C]advantage[D]charge30.Isthereanyonewho________theplansputforwardbythecommittee?[A]differs[B]opposes[C]disagrees[D]refuses31.Alltoo________itwastimetogobacktoschoolafterthesummervacation.[A]often[B]quick[C]fast[D]soon32.Inanaccidentwhentwocarsrunintoeachother,they________.[A]hit[B]knock[C]strike[D]collide33.Thenoisewascausedbyaboy________acatthroughthegarden.[A]catching[B]fighting[C]following[D]chasing34.Hedrovefastandarrivedanhour________ofschedule.[A]inadvance[B]ahead[C]abreast[D]infront35.Thisticket________youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.[A]gives[B]entitles[C]grants[D]creditsSectionIV:CloseTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)EXAMPLE:Forinstance,theautomobiletunnelmight________hugeventilationproblems.[A]make[B]bring[C]raise[D]createANSWER:[D]Chequeshave__36__replacedmoneyasameansofexchangefortheyarewidelyacceptedeverywhere.Thoughthisisveryconvenientforbothbuyerandseller,itshouldnotbeforgottenthatchequesarenotrealmoney:theyarequitevaluelessinthemselves.Ashop-keeperalwaysrunsacertain__37__whenheacceptsachequesandheisquite__38__hisrightsifonoccasion,herefusestodoso.Peopledonotalwaysknowthisandareshockediftheirgoodfaithiscalled__39__.Anoldandverywealthyfriendofminetoldmehehadanextremelyunpleasantexperience.Hewenttoafamousjewelryshopwhichkeepsalarge__40__ofpreciousstonesandaskedtobeshownsomepearlnecklaces.Afterexaminingseveraltrays,hedecidedtobuyaparticularlyfinestringofpearlsandaskedifhecouldpaybyCheques.Theassistantsaidthatthiswasquite__41__butthemomentmyfriendsignedhisname,hewasinvitedintothemanager’soffice.Themanagerwasverypolite,butheexplainedthatsomeonewithexactlythesamenamehadpresentedthemwithaworthlessChequenotlongago.Myfriendgotveryangrywhenheheardthisandsaidhewouldbuyanecklacesomewhereelse.Whenhegotuptogo,themanagertoldhimthatthepolicewouldarriveatanymomentandhehadbetterstay__42__thewantedtogetintoserioustrouble.__43__,thepolicearrivedsoonafterwards.Theyapologizedtomyfriendforthe__44__,butexplainedthatapersonwhohadusedthesamenameashiswasresponsibleforanumberofrecentrobberies.Thenthepoliceaskedmyfriendtocopyoutanotewhichhadbeenusedbythethiefinanumberofshops.Thenote__45__:“Ihaveaguninmypocket.Asknoquestionsandgivemeallthemoneyinthesafe.”Fortunately,myfriend’shandwritingwasquiteunlikethethief’s.Hewasnotonlyallowedtogowithoutfurtherdelay,buttotakethestringofpearlswithhim.36.[A]exactly[B]really[C]largely[D]thoroughly37.[A]danger[B]chance[C]risk[D]opportunity38.[A]within[B]beyond[C]without[D]outof39.[A]indifficulty[B]indoubt[C]inearnest[D]inquestion40.[A]amount[B]stock[C]number[D]store41.[A]inorder[B]inneed[C]inuse[D]incommon42.[A]whether[B]if[C]otherwise[D]unless43.[A]Really[B]Sureenough[C]Certainly[D]However44.[A]treatment[B]manner[C]inconvenience[D]behaviour45.[A]read[B]told[C]wrote[D]informedSectionV:VerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswerintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident________(appointed)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointed46.Withallfactors(consider)wethinkthisprogrammayexcelalltheothersinachievingthegoal.47.Theyhadbeenworkingroundtheclockforacoupleofdays(hope)togetthedesignoutbeforetheircompetitorsdid.48.There’sageneralunderstandingamongthemembersoftheBoardofDirectorsthatchiefattention(give)totheundertakingthatisexpectedtobringinhighestprofit.49.Ifwedon’tstartoutnow,wemustrisk(miss)thetrain.50.Thistest(intend)toreinforcewhatyouhavelearntinthepastfewweeks.51.Themembersofthedelegationwereglad(stay)longerthanoriginallyplanned.52.Withfullknowledgeofhispastexperience,weknewallalongthathe(succeed).53.(Knownot)whatappropriatemeasurestobetakentocopewiththesituation,hewrotetohislawyerforadvice.54.It’snogood(write)tohim,heneveranswersletters.Theonlythingtodoistogoandseehim.55.(Come)whatmay,we’renotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.SectionVI:Error-detectionandCorrectionEachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfourunderlinedparts(wordsorphrases).Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownthecorrectwordorphraseonthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:You’vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecause[A]there’s[B]hardlysomething[C]left.[D]ANSWER:[C]anything56.In[A]hisresponseto[B]theadvertisement,Ed.repliedthathewaslookingforafull-timeposition[C]notapart-time[D]one.57.Noonewhohasseen[A]himwork[B]inthelaboratorycandeny[C]thatWilliamhasgreatcapabilitiesof[D]research.58.Neitherofthealternativesthathadbeenoutlined[A]atthelastmeeting[B]were[C]acceptableto[D]theexecutivecommittee.59.Airlinecompaniestodayrequire[A]thatallluggage’s[B]beinspected[C]beforepassengersareadmittedinto[D]thewaitingrooms.60.AlthoughAlicehasbeen[A]tothemountainsmanytimes[B]before,shestill[C]lovesvisitingit.[D]61.AnimportantfunctionoftheWorldHealthOrganizationistoimprove[A]thehealthy[B]andlivingconditionsforthesickandthepoorof[C]world[D]62.Theelementcarboniswidely[A]found[B]innature[C]inmanyformsincludingbothdiamondsaswellas[D]coal.63.Whilestillayoungboy[A]Bizetknewtoplay[B]thepianowellandas[C]hegrewolder,hewroteoperas,themostfamousofwhich[D]isCarmen.64.Despitethefactthat[A]theSouthPoleisassnow-covered[B]andstormy-weathered[C]astheNorthPole,itiscolder[D]thantheNorthPole.65.Climate[A]conditionsvarywidely[B]fromplacetoplaceandfromseasontoseason,butacertainorderandpattern[C]canbeidentifiable.[D]SectionVII:Chinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish(15points)66.所有那些努力工作的人都應(yīng)得到鼓勵(lì)。67.我們懇切希望你早日給我們一個(gè)答復(fù)。68.即使你說(shuō)服不了他，也不要灰心喪氣。69.這件事至今還沒(méi)有得出正確的結(jié)論。70.你講英語(yǔ)時(shí)，發(fā)音要準(zhǔn)，否則人家就聽(tīng)不懂你的意思。SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslationTranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)Havetherealwaysbeencities?(71)Lifewithoutlargeurbanareasmayseeminconceivabletous,butactuallycitiesarerelativelyrecentdevelopment.Groupswithprimitiveeconomicsstillmanagewithoutthem.Thetrend,however,isforsuchgroupstodisappear,whilecitiesareincreasinglybecomingthedominantmodeofman’ssocialexistence.(72)Historically,citylifehasalwaysbeenamongtheelementswhichformacivilization.Anyhighdegreeofhumanendeavorandachievementhasbeencloselylinkedtolifeinanurbanenvironment.(73)Itisvirtuallyimpossibletoimaginethatuniversities,hospitals,largebusinessesorevenscienceandtechnologycouldhavecomeintobeingwithoutcitiestosupportthem.Tomostpeople,citieshavetraditionallybeentheareaswheretherewasaconcentrationofcultureaswellasofopportunity.(74)Inrecentyears,however,peoplehavebeguntobecomeawarethatcitiesarealsoareaswherethereisaconcentrationofproblems.WhathashappenedtothemodernAmericancity?Actually,theproblemisnotsuchanewone.Longbeforethiscenturystarted,therehadbegunatrendtowardtheconcentrationofthepooroftheAmericansocietyintothecities.Eachgreatwaveofimmigrationfromabroadandfromtheruralareasmadetheproblemworse.Duringthiscentury,therehasalsobeenthedevelopmentoflargesuburbanareassurroundingthecities,fortherichprefertoliveintheseareas.Withinthecities,sectionsmaybesharplydividedintohighandlowrentdistricts,the“rightsideoftown”andtheslums.Ofcourse,everyonewantstodosomethingaboutthisunhappysituation.Butthereisnoagreementastogoals.Neitheristhereanysystematicapproachorintegratedprogram.Opinionsareasdiverseasthepeoplewhogivethem.(75)Butonebasicdifferenceofopinionconcernsthequestionofwhetherornotthecityassuchistobepreserved.Perhapstransportationandthemeansofcommunicationhavereallymadeitpossiblefortheretobeanendtothebigcities.Ofcourse,thereistheproblemofpersuadingpeopletomoveoutofthemoftheirownfreewill.(76)Andthereisalsotheobjectionthatthecityhasalwaysbeenthecorefromwhichculturaladvancementhasradiated.Isthis,however,stillthecasetodayinthepresenceofeasytransportationandcommunication?Doescultureariseasaresultofpeoplelivingtogethercommunally,orisittootheresultofdecisionsmadeatthelevelofgovernmentandthecommunicationsindustry?Itisprobablytruetosaythatmostpeopleprefertopreservethecities.Somethinkthatthecitiescouldbecleaneduportotallyrebuilt.Thisiseasytosay;itwouldnotbesoeasytodo.(77)Tobesure,agreatrebuildingprojectwouldgivejobstomanyofthosepeoplewhoneedthem.Livingconditionscouldnothelpbutimprove,atleastforawhile.Butwou