2023年考研外語沖刺密卷9

考研外語沖刺密卷9

一、UseofEnglish

1、EuthanasiahasbeenatopicofcontroversyinEuropesince

atleast1936.Onanaverageofsixtimesaday,adoctorin

Hollandpractices“active"euthanasia:(1)administering

alethaldrugtoa(2)illpatientwhohasaskedtobe

relieved(3)suffering.Twentytimesaday,life

prolongingtreatmentiswithheldorwithdrawn(4)there

isnohopethatitcan(5)anultimatecure."Active”

euthanasiaremainsacrimeontheDutchstatutebooks,

punishable(6)12yearsinprison.Butaseriesofcourt

casesoverthepast15yearshasmadeitclearthatacompetent

physicianwho(7)_____itoutwillnotbeprosecuted.

Euthanasia,oftencalled''mercykilling，/,isacrimeeverywhere

inWesternEurope.(8)moreandmoredoctorsandnurses

inBritain,Germany,Hollandandelsewherereadily(9)to

practicingit,mostofteninthe"passive"form,ofwithholding

orwithdrawing(10)Thelongsimmeringeuthanasiaissue

haslately(11)intoasometimesfiercepublicdebate,

(12)bothsidesclaimingthemantleofultimate

righteousness.Those(13)tothepracticeseethemselves

(14)sacredprinciplesofrespectforlife,(15)

thoseinfavorraisethebannerofhumanetreatment.Afteryears

(16)thedefensive,theadvocatesnowseemtobe(17)

ground.RecentpollsinBritainshowthat72percentofBritish

(18)favoreuthanasiainsomecircumstances.An

astonishing76percentof(19)_____toapolltakenlatelast

yearinFrancesaidtheywouldlikethelawchangedto(20)

mercykillings.Obviously,pressuregroupsfavoringeuthanasia

and''assistedsuicide“havegrownsteadilyinEuropeoverthe

years.

Notes:

euthanasia安樂死。lethal致命的。statutebook法典。prosecute

起訴。simmering處于沸騰的狀態(tài)。mantle重任，責(zé)任。

A.incidentally

B.intentionally

C.intermittently

D.intensely

2、⑵

A.terminally

B.finally

C.eventually

D.ultimately

3、(3)

A.against

B.off

C.of

D.outof

4、(4)

A.though

B.when

C.that

D.since

5、(5)

A.effect

B.affect

C.result

D.execute

6、(6)

A.for

B.in

C.to

D.by

7、⑺

。3

A.works

B.saves

C.carries

D.rescues

8、(8)

A.Because

B.Hence

C.And

D.But

9、(9)

A.admit

B.allege

C.approve

D.adopt

10、(10)

A.cure

B.treatment

C.operation

D.remedy

11、(H)

A.smoothedover

B.boiledover

4

C.brokedown

D.burstout

12、(12)

A.dueto

B.at

C.for

D.with

13、(13)

A.rejected

B.objected

C.responded

D.opposed

14、(14)

A.abandoning

B.confirming

C.upholding

D.upgrading

15、(15)

A.while

B.when

C.as

D.or

目5

16、(16)

A.in

B.for

C.on

D.against

17、(17)

A.supporting

B.reinforcing

C.maintaining

D.gaining

18、(18)

A.patients

B.subjects

C.residents

D.physicians

19、(19)

A.officials

B.citizens

C.respondents

D.interviewers

20、(20)

A.refuse

6

B.evaluate

C.decriminalize

D.counter

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

When,intheageofautomation,mansearchesforaworkerto

dothetedious,unpleasantjobsthataremoreorlessimpossible

tomechanize,hemayveryprofitablyconsidertheape.

Ifwetackledtheproblemofbreedingforbrainswithasmuch

enthusiasmaswedevotetobreedingdogsofsurrealisticshapes,

wecouldeventuallyproduceassortedmodelsofusefulprimates,

ranginginsizefromthegorilladowntothebaboon,each

adaptedtoaspecialkindofwork.Itisnotputtingtoomuch

strainontheimaginationtoassumethatgeneticistscould

produceasuper-ape,whichisabletounderstandsomescores

ofwordsandcapableofbeingtrainedforsuchjobsaspicking

fruit,cleaningupthelitterinparks,shiningshoes,

collectinggarbage,doinghouseholdchoresandeven

baby-sitting,althoughIhaveknownsomebabiesIwouldnotcare

totrustwithavaluableape.

Apescoulddomanyjobs,suchascleaningstreetsandthemore

repetitivetypesofagriculturalwork,withoutsupervision,

thoughtheymightneedprotectionfromthoseegregious

specimensofHomesapienswhothinkitamusingtoteaseorbully

anythingtheyconsiderlowerontheevolutionaryladder.For

othertasks,suchasdeliveringpapersandlaboringonthedocks,

ourman-apewouldhavetoworkunderhumanoverseers;and,

incidentally,Iwouldlovetoseethefinaleofthetwenty-first

centuryversionofOntheWaterfrontinwhichthehonestbut

hairyherowilldrumonhischestafter一literally一takingthe

wickedlaborleaderapart.

Onceasupplyofnonhumanworkersbecomesavailable,awhole

rangeoflowIQjobscouldbethankfullygivenupbymankind,

toitsgreatmentalandphysicaladvantage.Whatismore,one

oftheproblemswhichhasannoyedsomanyfictionalUtopias

wouldbeavoided:Therewouldbenoneofthedegradingly

subhumanEpsilonsofHuxley'sBraveNewWorldtoactasa

permanentreproachtosociety,forthereisaprofoundmoral

differencebetweenbreedingsub-menandsuper-apes,thoughthe

endproductsaremuchthesame.Thefirstwouldintroduceaform,

ofslavery,butthesecondwouldbeabiologicaltriumphwhich

couldbenefitbothmenandanimals.

Notes:

surrealistic超現(xiàn)實(shí)的。primate靈長類動(dòng)物。gorilla大猩猩。

baboon狒狒。chore雜活。caretodosth.(常用于否定

句)(=willingtodooragreetodosth.)情愿做某事。trustAwith

B把B托付給A.egregious(通常指壞人或壞事)異乎尋常的，突出

的。Homesapiens人類。finalen.結(jié)局。Epsilons奴隸人名。

assorted各色各樣的。Utopia烏托邦，抱負(fù)主義。

Accordingtothetext,theapeshouldbeconsideredforcertain

jobs.

A.onlyifitisabletounderstandscoresofwords.

B.whichdonotrequireanyintelligenceatall.

C.thatarenotsuitableforhumanhandstotackle.

D.whichareboringandcannotbetackledwithmachines.

2、

By"thehonestbuthairyhero”(inPara.3)theauthormost

probablyrefersto.

A.thehumansupervisor.

B.thegeneticistsasawhole.

C.thenon-humanworker.

D.themanbreedingsuper-apes.

3、

Theauthorstatesthatasupplyofnon-humanworkersforlow

IQjobswould.

A.substitutethemforhumanscompletely.

B.benefitmanmentallyandphysically.

C.giverisetotheoppositionfromgeneticists.

D.beadisadvantagetomanyhumanworkers.

4、

Accordingtotheauthor,breedingsuper-apeswouldbe.

A.aproblemrelatedtomoralstandards.

B.asbadasbreedingsub-humans.

C.introducinganewform,ofslavery.

D.anadvanceinbiologicalstudies.

5、

Theauthorofthisarticleis.

A.merelyattemptingtobehumorousaboutthefutureworkers.

B.revealinghishighopinionofmankind，sprospect.

C.expressinghisdoubtsaboutthepossibilityofbreedinga

super-ape.

D.presentinganapplausibletheoryinahumoroustone.

6、Timespentinabookshopcanbemostenjoyable,whether

youareabook-loverormerelytheretobuyabookasapresent.

Youmayevenhaveenteredtheshopjusttofindshelterfrom

asuddenshower.Butthedesiretopickupabookwithan

attractivedust-jacketisirresistible.Yousoonbecome

absorbedinsomebookorother,andusuallyitisonlymuchlater

thatyourealizethatyouhavespentfartoomuchtimethere.

Thisopportunitytoescapetherealitiesofeverydaylifeis,

Ithink,themainattractionofabookshop.Therearenotmany

placeswhereitispossibletodothis.Amusicshopisvery

much1ikeabookshop.Youcanwanderroundsuchplacestoyour

heart'scontent.Ifitisagoodshop,noassistantwill

approachyouwiththeinevitablegreeting:"CanIhelpyou,

sir?”Youneedn'tbuyanythingyoudon'twant.Inabookshop

anassistantshouldremaininthebackgrounduntilyouhave

finishedbrowsing.Then,andonlythen,arehisservices

necessary.

Youhavetobecarefulnottobeattractedbythevarietyof

booksinabookshop.Itisveryeasytoentertheshoplooking

forabookon,say,ancientcoinsandtocomeoutcarryinga

copyofthelatestbest-sellingnovelandperhapsabookabout

brass-rubbing,somethingwhichhadonlyvaguelyinterestedyou

uptillthen.Thisvolumeonthesubject,however,happenedto

besowellillustratedandthepartofthetextyoureadproved

sointerestingthatyoujusthadtobuyit.Thissortofthing

canbeverydangerous.Booksellersmustbebothlongsuffering

andindulgent.

Thereisastorywhichwellillustratesthis.Amedicalstudent

hadtoreadatextbookwhichwasfartooexpensiveforhimto

buy.Hecouldn'tobtainitfromthelibraryandtheonlycopy

hecouldfindwasinhisbookshop.Everyafternoon,therefore,

hewouldgoalongtotheshopandreadalittleofthebookat

atime.Oneday,however,hewasdismayedtofindthebook

missingfromitsusualplaceandabouttoleavewhenhenoticed

theowneroftheshopbeckoningtohim.Expectingtobe

reproached,hewenttowardhim.Tohissurprise,theowner

pointedtothebook,whichwastuckedawayinacorner."Iput

itthereincaseanyonewastemptedtobuyit”,hesaid,and

leftthedelightedstudenttocontinuehisreading.

Notes:toone'sheart'scontent盡情地。beckonv.打招呼。

Youmayspendtoomuchtimeinabookshopbecause.

A.thedust-jacketsareveryattractive.

B.youstartreadingoneofthebooks.

C.itisrainingoutside.

D.youhavetomakesureyoudon'tbuyadullbookasapresent.

7、

Accordingtothetext,inagoodbookshop.

A.nobodytakesanynoticeofyou.

不______Q

’!12

B.theassistantgreetsyouinafriendlyway.

C.yourheartiscontented.

D.youfeelthatyouareinamusicshop.

8、

Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatanassistantshouldoffer

youhelp.

A.assoonasyouhaveenteredtheshop.

B.justbeforeyoufinishbrowsing.

C.onlywhenyouhavefinishedreading.

D.whenheleadsyoutoaparticularsection.

9、

Theauthorimpliesthatitisveryeasytoenterabookshop

andbuy_____.

A.abookonancientcoins.

B.abest-sellingnovelonbrass-rubbing.

C.abookthatonlyvaguelyinterestsyou.

D.abookthatunexpectedlyfascinatesyou.

10、

Thetextbookthemedicalstudentwasinterestedinwastucked

awayinacorner.

A.topreventanyonefrombuyingit.

B.becausethemedicalstudentmighttakeitaway.

C.incasethemedicalstudentwastemptedtobuyit.

D.becauseitwasarareandexpensivebook.

11>Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Aman,

withoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunate

victimofunfortunatecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthe

greatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedofthe

importanceofeducation,modernstates"invest"in

institutionsoflearningtogetback“interest"intheform,

ofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoare

potentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstruction

socarefullyworkedout,ispunctuatedbytextbooks一those

purchasablewellsofwisdom一whatwouldcivilizationbelike

withoutitsbenefits?

Somuchiscertain:thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,

lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirths;butourspiritual

outlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson"facts

andfigures''andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,

andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhis

fellow-citizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashioned

afteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticform,

of"college"imaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocall

savagesallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;

itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespect

everybodyisequallyequippedforlife.

Itistheidealconditionofthe“equalstart"whichonlyour

mostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoreachagain.

Inprimitiveculturestheobiigationtoseekandtoreceivethe

traditionalinstructionisbindingonall.Thereareno

“illiterates”—ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeopleswithout

ascript一whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelaw

inGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEngland1976,and

isstillnon-existentinanumberof“civilized“nations.This

showshowlongitwasbeforeweconsidereditnecessarytomake

surethatallourchildrencouldshareintheknowledge

accumulatedbythe"happyfew"duringthepastcenturies.

Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.

Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurry

that,inoursociety,oftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofa

growingpersonality.There,achildgrowsupunderthe

ever-presentattentionofhisparents;thereforethejungles

andthesavagesknowofno“juveniledelinquency”.Nonecessity

ofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildren,

andnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilityto"buy"an

educationforhischild.

Notes:juveniledelinquency青少年犯罪。

Theword“interest“inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans

A.pleasure.

B.returns.

C.share.

D.knowledge.

12、

Accordingtothetext,theauthorseemstobe.

A.againsttheeducationintheveryearlyhistorictimes.

B.infavoroftheeducationalpracticeinprimitivecultures.

C.positiveaboutourpresenteducationalinstruction.

D.quitehappytoseeanequalstartforeveryone.

13、

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.

A.somefamiliesnowcanhardlyaffordtosendtheirchildren

toschool.

B.everyonetodayhasanequalopportunityineducation.

C.everycountryinvestsheavilyineducation.

D.wearenotverycertainwhetherpreachersarenecessaryor

not.

14、

Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingstatementsis

true?

A.Onewithouteducationtodayhasfewopportunities.

B.Wehavenotyetdecidedonoureducationalmodels.

C.Compulsoryschoolingislegalobligationinseveral

countriesnow.

D.Ourspiritualoutlookisbetternowthanbefore.

15、

Thebesttitleforthistextis.

A.TheSignificanceofEducation.

B.EducationalInvestmentandItsProfit.

C.EducationandModernCivilization.

D.Education:AComparisonofItsPastandItsPresent.

16、Increasingly,historiansareblamingdiseasesimported

fromtheOldWorldforthegreatdisparitybetweenthenative

populationofAmericain1492—newestimatesofwhichjumpas

highas100million,orapproximatelyone-sixthofthehuman

raceatthattime一andthefewmillionfull-bloodedNative

Americansaliveattheendofthenineteenthcentury.Thereis

nodoubtthatchronicdiseasewasanimportantfactorinthe

sharpdecline,anditishighlyprobablethatthegreatest

killerwasepidemicdisease,especiallyasmanifestedin

virgin-soilepidemics.

Virgin-soilepidemicsarethoseinwhichthepopulationsat

riskhavehadnopreviouscontactwiththediseasesthatstrike

themandarethereforeimmunologicallyalmostdefenseless.

Thatvirgin-soi1epidemicswereimportantinAmericanhistory

isstronglyindicatedbyevidencethatanumberofdangerous

maladies一smallpox,measles,malaria,yellowfever,and

undoubtedlyseveralmore一wereunknowninthepre-Columbian

NewWorld.Theeffectsoftheirsuddenintroductionare

demonstratedintheearlychroniclesofAmerica,whichcontain

reportsofhorribleepidemicsandsteeppopulationdeclines,

confirmedinmanycasesbyquantitativeanalyzesofSpanish

tributerecordsandothersources.Theevidenceprovidedbythe

documentsofBritishandFrenchcoloniesisnotasdefinitive

becausetheconquerorsofthoseareasdidnotestablish

permanentsettlementsandbegantokeepcontinuousrecords

untiltheseventeenthcentury,bywhichtimetheworst

epidemicshadprobablyalreadytakenplace.Furthermore,the

Britishtendedtodrivethenativepopulationsaway,rather

thantoenslavethemastheSpaniardsdid;sothattheepidemics

ofBritishAmericaoccurredbeyondtherangeofcolonists)

directobservation.

Evenso,thesurvivingrecordsofNorthAmericadocontain

referencestodeadlyepidemicsamongthenativepopulation.In

1616—1619anepidemic,possiblyofpneumonicplague,swept

coastalNewEngland,killingasmanyasnineoutoften.During

the1630'ssmallpox,thediseasemostfataltotheNative

Americanpeople,eliminatedhalfthepopulationoftheHuron

andIroquoisconfederations.Inthe1820'sfeverruinedthe

peopleoftheColumbiaRiverarea,killingeightoutoftenof

them.

Unfortunately,thedocumentationoftheseandotherepidemics

isslightandfrequentlyunreliable,anditisnecessaryto

supplementwhatlittlewedoknowwithevidencefromrecent

epidemicsamongNativeAmericans.Forexample,in1952an

outbreakofmeaslesamongtheNativeAmericaninhabitantsof

UngavaBay,Quebec,affected99percentofthepopulationand

killed7percent,eventhoughsomehadthebenefitofmodern

medicine.Casessuchasthisdemonstratethatevendiseases

thatarenotnormallyfatalcanhavedestroyingconsequences

whentheystrikeanimmunologicallydefenselesscommunity.

Notes:

disparity差距。virgin-soil處女地。malady疾病chronicle編

年史。tribute貢品。pneumonicplague肺鼠疫。confederation同

盟。smallpox天花。measles麻疹。

Accordingtothetext,virgin-soilepidemicscanbe

distinguishedfromothercatastrophicoutbreaksofdiseasein

thatvirgin-soilepidemics.

A.recurmorefrequentlythanchronicdiseases.

B.involvepopulationswithnopriorexposuretoadisease.

C.usuallyinvolveanumberofinteractingdiseases.

D.arelessresponsivetomedicaltreatmentthanareother

diseases.

17、

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetextconcerning

Spanishtributerecords?

A.Theywerebeingkeptpriortotheseventeenthcentury.

B.Theymentiononlyepidemicsofsmallpox.

C.Theyprovidequantitativeandqualitativeevidenceabout

NativeAmericanpopulations.

D.Theyprovethatcertaindiseaseswereunknowninthe

pre-ColumbianNewWorld.

18、

ItcanbeinferredfromthetextabouttheNativeAmerican

inhabitantsofUngavaBaythatthey.

A.couldscarcelywardoffthefatalattackbythe1952

epidemic.

B.wereimmunologicallydefenselessagainstmeasles.

C.werethelastnativepeopletobestruckbyavirgin-soil

epidemic.

D.didnotcomeintofrequentcontactwithWhiteAmericans

untilthe20thcentury.

19、

Theauthormentionsthe1952measlesoutbreakmostprobably

inorderto.

A.demonstratetheimpactofmodernmedicineonepidemic

disease.

B.refuteallegationsofunreliabilitymadeagainstthe

historicalrecordofcolonialAmerica.

C.advocatenewresearchintothecontinuingproblemof

epidemicdisease.

D.confirmthedocumentaryevidenceofepidemicdiseasein

colonialAmerica.

20、

Theprimarypurposeofthetextisto.

A.providesupportforahypothesis.

B.reconcileopposingviewpoints.

C.refuteacommonmisconception.

D.analyzeanargumentindetail.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.

ForQuestions41一45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist

A一Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextra

choices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.

Itishardlynecessarytopointoutthatweliveinaworldof

increasingindustrialization.Whilethisprocessenablesusto

raiseourstandardoflivingatanever-acceleratingrate,it

alsoleadstoacorrespondinggrowthofinterdependencebetween

thedifferentregionsof,theworld.

(41).

What,then,istobedone?Althoughitisdifficulttoknowwhere

tobegintodealwithsuchalargesubject,thefirststepis

perhapstoconsiderthemaineconomicdifficultiesan

underdevelopedoremergingregionhastoface.

(42).Anumberofquitecommonoccurrencesaretherefore

sufficienttocauseimmediate-andseriousinterferencewith

this,exportproduction:unfavorableweatherconditions,plant

oranimalepidemics,theexhaustionofsoilfertilityor

mineraldeposits,thedevelopmentofsubstituteproductsinthe

industrializedregions,etc.Thesensitivityoftheeconomyis

greatlyintensifiedincaseswhereexportsareconfinedonly

tooneortwoproducts一"monocultures"astheyaresometimes

called.

(43).Thisalsoappliestothemanufacturedgoods

requiredtoprovidetheirpopulationswiththe''necessitiesof

life”.Thiseconomicstructuremakesitdifficultforthemto

avoidbeingpoliticallydependentonthecountrieswhichabsorb

theirexportsandprovidetheiressentialimports.

Since,undermodernconditions,arapidriseinpopulationis

aphenomenoncloselyassociatedwithunderdevelopment.This

causealonecansubjecttheeconomytosevereandcontinuous

stress.

(44).Inthefirstplace,tosetupmodernindustries

necessitatescapitalonalargescale,whichonly

industrializedregionsareabletoprovidersecondly,theylack

thenecessarytrainedmanpower;thirdly,their

industries—whenestablished—areusuallynotefficient

enoughtocompetewithforeignimports,andanyrestrictionon

theseimportsislikelytoleadtocounter-actionagainsttheir

ownexports.

Fromanotherpointofview,itisnecessarytobearinmindthat

thereareinvariablypolitical,educational,socialand

psychologicalobstacleswhichtendtointerfereseriouslywith

anymeasurestakentodealwiththeeconomicdifficulties

outlinedabove.

(45).

Toconclude,itseemsclearthatifwearetosucceedinsolving

themanyinter-relatedproblemsofunderdevelopment,onlythe

fullestandmostintelligentuseoftheresourcesofall

branchesofsciencewillenableustodoso.

Notes:beorientated...toward被弓I導(dǎo)至U…。monoculture單一作

物耕種。

A.Forexample,theeconomiesofsuchcountriesareorientated

primarilytowardtheproductionofrawmaterials,i.e.

agriculturalandmineralproducts;thesearethenexportedto

theindustrializedcountries.

B.Giventheseconditions,itiseasytoseethatanypermanent

economicorpoliticalinstabilityinoneareaisboundtohave

anincreasinglyseriouseffectupontherestoftheworld.Since

themainsourceofsuchinstabilityisunderdevelopment,itis

clearthatthisnowconstitutesaproblemofinternational

dimensions.

C.Asfaras''necessitiesoflife"areconcerned,theyrepresent

aconceptwhichiscontinuallybeingenlargedthroughthemass

mediaofcommunicationsuchasnewspapers,films,theradioand

advertising.

D.Althoughitisobviousthatindustrializationisthekeyto

development,itisusuallyverydifficultforemerging

countriestocarryoutplansofthisnature.

E.Beingunder-industrialized,thesecountriesarelargely

dependentonimportstosupplytheequipmentneededtoproduce

therawmaterialstheyexport.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

TheteachingofEnglishasasecondlanguage(ESL)inschools

hashadahistoryofconflictingarguments,interesting

innovationsandsomeverypositivemethodologicalchanges.To

understandthepresentsituation,itisnecessarytoconsider

thepastandthewidereducationalcontextwhichhasahearing

onit.

Untilquiterecently,approachestoESLworkhavebeenstrongly

influencedbymethodsdevelopedtoteachEnglishas