2024屆中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)詞匯專(zhuān)題

名詞的分類(lèi)專(zhuān)有名詞：表示具體的姓名、事物、機(jī)構(gòu)、地名、月份、節(jié)日等HongKong,July,WorldTradeCenter,SpringFestival普通名詞：表示某類(lèi)人、事物或抽象概念的名稱(chēng)?？蓴?shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞：指單個(gè)的人或事物pen,toy,dictionary集體名詞：指一群人或一些事物的總稱(chēng)police,class,team,army,group不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞：指無(wú)法氛圍個(gè)體的物質(zhì)、材料的名詞coffee,glass,wind,paper,tea,beer抽象名詞：指人或物的品質(zhì)、情感、狀態(tài)、動(dòng)作等抽象概念的名詞silence,failure,surprise,beauty,duty名詞的數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)1.規(guī)則變化類(lèi)別構(gòu)成法例詞一般情況加-s（清輔音后讀/s/，濁輔音和元音后讀/z/，/s/、/z/、/d?/等音后發(fā)/iz/)map-mapsboy-boysgirl-girlspen-pensbag-bagscar-cars以s,sh,ch,x結(jié)尾加-es，讀/iz/babybabiescity-citiescountry-countries以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i再加es，讀/iz/monkeymonkeysholidayholidaysMaryMarys(專(zhuān)有名詞)以字母o結(jié)尾少數(shù)加-es，讀/z/hero-heroestomato-tomatoespotato-potatoes一般加-s，讀/z/piano-pianosphoto-photosradio-radios以f或fe結(jié)尾一般把f或fe變ve加sleaf-leavesshelf-shelveswife-wivesknife-kniveslife-lives（生命）half-halves少數(shù)加-scliff-cliffsroof-roofsbelief-beliefssafe-safesgulf-gulfschief-chiefs不規(guī)則變化名詞內(nèi)部元音變化例如：childchildrenfootfeettoothteethmousemicemanmenwomanwomen關(guān)于man,woman的詞例如：合成詞：policeman-policemenbusinessman-businessmen非合成詞：human-humansGerman-Germans復(fù)合詞：womandoctorwomendoctors名詞+名詞例如：ping-pongbatping-pongbats名詞+介詞例如：passer-bypassers-byfather-in-lawfathers-in-law過(guò)去分詞+副詞例如：grown-upgrown-ups單復(fù)數(shù)同形例如：sheepfishdeer國(guó)家專(zhuān)有名詞例如：不變化：ChineseJapaneseSwiss變化：GermanGermansEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmen外來(lái)詞的不規(guī)則形式例如：phenomenonphenomena/phenomenons集體名詞的復(fù)數(shù)有些集體名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，同時(shí)也表示復(fù)數(shù)含義；做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：goodsclothestrousersshortsglassessocksEg:Therearetwopairsofglassesonthetable.有些集體名詞沒(méi)有形式的變化，但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義；做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：policepeoplecattlepoultryEg:Somepeoplelikewatchingtalkshows.有些集體名詞常以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。側(cè)重整體概念，表示單數(shù)意義，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若表示多個(gè)這樣的整體，有復(fù)數(shù)變化形式，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。側(cè)重整體中的成員，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：classfamilyclubarmyteampartycrowdaudiencegrouppublicEg:Hisfamilyarehavingdinnernow.Myfamilyisahappyfamily.同時(shí)具有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式fish作“魚(yú)的種類(lèi)”講時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)形式是fishes；作“魚(yú)的條數(shù)”講時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形；作“魚(yú)肉”講時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞，無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：threefish三條魚(yú)threefishes三種魚(yú)I’dlikesomefish.我想吃些魚(yú)。people作“人們，人”講時(shí)，是集體名詞；作“民族”講時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)形式是peoples例如：somepeople一些人somepeoples一些民族不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)物質(zhì)名詞的數(shù)物質(zhì)名詞表示泛指的某種物質(zhì)時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，但在表示具體意義或某種特殊含義時(shí)作可數(shù)名詞用，前邊可以用不定冠詞等修飾，也可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：teaatea一杯茶twoteas兩杯茶glassaglass一個(gè)玻璃杯rains大量的雨水waters大片水域woods樹(shù)林抽象名詞的數(shù)抽象名詞表示具體事物時(shí)可作可數(shù)名詞，可用a/an修飾，也有復(fù)數(shù)形式，“表示某種人或事”。例如：apity令人感到遺憾的事或人asuccess成功的事apleasure愉快的事abeauty美好的事，美人注意：在一些固定詞組中，抽象名詞也可用作可數(shù)名詞。例如：have/takearest,catchacold,haveacough.專(zhuān)有名詞的數(shù)專(zhuān)有名詞一般視作不可數(shù)名詞，但是在表示具體意義，指“一個(gè)/只”時(shí)，也可作可數(shù)名詞，可用不定冠詞修飾，也有復(fù)數(shù)形式。Eg:ASamislookingforajob.一個(gè)叫Sam的人在找工作。名詞的格名詞的格分為主格、賓格和所有格。名詞的主格和賓格相同，一般就是名詞本身。名詞所有格是表示名詞的所屬關(guān)系的形式，名詞所有格的構(gòu)成有-’s所有格、of所有格和雙重所有格。-’s所有格構(gòu)成一般情況，在名詞詞尾加-’s例如：Kate’sbag若名詞以-s或-es結(jié)尾，直接在其后加-’例如：mystudents’books不以-s結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，直接在其后加-’s例如：women’sskirtchildren’stoy用法兩人或多人共有一個(gè)人或事物，只變化最后一個(gè)名詞的詞尾；如果是各自擁有，各個(gè)名詞的詞尾都要變化例如：LilyandLucy’sroom（兩人共有一個(gè)房間）Lily’sandLucy’srooms（兩人分別有一個(gè)房間）表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、地點(diǎn)等的名詞常用-’s所有格例如：tenminutes’walk10分鐘的步行路程Beijing’sweather北京的天氣today’snews今天的新聞表示某人的店鋪、醫(yī)院、學(xué)校、住宅及公共建筑時(shí)，-’s所有格后常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞。例如：atthedoctor’s在醫(yī)院atTony’s在唐尼家表示節(jié)日例如：Teachers’DayChildren’sDayMother’sDayof所有格表示無(wú)生命名詞的所有關(guān)系例如：thewindowoftheroom名詞化的形容詞的所有關(guān)系用of所有格例如：theproblemsofthedisabled雙重所有格“名詞+of+-’s所有格/名詞性物主代詞”構(gòu)成雙重所有格。如果在表示所屬物的名詞 前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞時(shí)，常用雙重所有格的形式來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系。例如：aphotoofmineSomebooksofBen’s注意：of前的名詞是picture、photo等時(shí)，雙重所有格與of所有格表示的含義不同例如：apictureofmyfather我父親（本人）的一張照片apictureofmyfather’s我父親（擁有）的一張照片名詞的修飾語(yǔ)表示數(shù)量的修飾語(yǔ)只修飾可數(shù)名詞few,afew,many,several,agreat/goodmanyof,anumberof,alarge/greatnumberof只修飾不可數(shù)名詞little,alittle,much,agood/greatdealof,abitof既修飾可數(shù)名詞又修飾不可數(shù)名詞some,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,all,most單位詞的修飾語(yǔ)普通單位詞apieceofbread,abitofwater度量單位詞twofeetofsnowatonofrainapoundofmeat容積單位詞acupofteaaglassofwaterabottleofmilkabagofrice形狀單位詞abarofchocolateadropofwater集體單位詞ateamofplayersacrowdofpeopleagroupofchildren例題：_____motherscan’tgoshopping,becausetheyhavetocleanthehouses.AliceandLily’sB.Alice’sandLily’sC.Alice’sandLilyD.AliceandLily——Excuseme.Howfaristhepostofficefromhere?——It’sabout______walk.tenminuteB.tenminutesC.tenminutes’D.tenminute’sI’dlike_________.A.twocupofcoffeeB.twocupsofcoffeesC.twocupofcoffeesD.twocoffeesThereis_______newsaboutthismoviestarinthenewspaper.WherecanIgetsome?manyB.afewC.alotD.littleCouldyougivemeafew_______onhowtospendthecomingsummerholiday?OK.Letmesee.hobbiesB.knowledgeC.suggestionsD.informationUncleWangbroughttwo_____formeyesterday.BreadB.milkC.dictionaryD.watchesWhatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?_______,please.TwoglassofwaterB.TwoglassofwatersC.TwocupsofteaD.TwocupsofteasThestudentsdidn’tfinemuch____aboutthetopiconthatwebsite.reportB.articleC.informationD.storyHowmany______arethereinthebasket?potatoB.breadC.tomatoesD.eggWhat_____doyouhaveforDaniel?Ithinkheshouldstudyharderthanbefore.newsB.adviceC.helpD.informationSome______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.GermaniesMary’sskirtisthesameasher______.sisterB.brotherC.sister’sD.brothers______fathersdidn’tcometothemeeting.Why?BecausetheyhavegonetoBeijing.Jeff’sandAmy’sB.JeffandAmyC.Jeff’sandAmyD.JeffandAmy’sHowmany______doyouseeinthepicture?Three.A.dogB.childC.sheepsD.sheep15.Tomisingoodhealth,becauseheoftenexercisesandeatsalotofhealthy______.A.foodB.waterC.pearD.carrot

數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞口訣：基變序，很容易，詞尾加上-th；一二三，特殊記，八加h，九減e，f來(lái)把ve替；若是遇上整十?dāng)?shù)，ty變作tie；若是遇上幾十幾，只變各位就可以。數(shù)詞的用法編號(hào)編號(hào)可用基數(shù)詞或序數(shù)詞表示：基數(shù)詞位于名詞之后，且名詞首字母要大寫(xiě)序數(shù)詞位于名詞之前，并加定冠詞eg：66路公交車(chē)：Bus66、BusNo.66或No.66Bus第100頁(yè)：Page100或the100thpage332號(hào)房間：Room332、RoomNo.332或theNo.332Room日期、年代用基數(shù)詞表示“年”,年代是四位數(shù)時(shí),常先讀讀前兩位數(shù),再讀后兩位數(shù)。Eg:2023年讀作twentytwenty-three英語(yǔ)中通常為“月、日、年”Eg:2009年10月25日:October25(th)，2009讀作Octoberthetwentyfifth,twothousandandnine表達(dá)“……世紀(jì)……年代”時(shí),在表達(dá)年份的阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加-s或-'s。Eg:20世紀(jì)90年代:the1990s或the1990's讀作thenineteennineties18世紀(jì)40年代:the1740s或the1740's讀作theseventeenforties年齡:“幾十歲”inone’s+基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù);attheageof...Eg:Mysisteristwenty-threeyearsold.Whenhewasinhisthirties,hebecameaveryfamousactor.Shebegantolearnthepianoatherageoffive.時(shí)刻整點(diǎn)：“整點(diǎn)時(shí)間+o’clock”；非整點(diǎn)：“整點(diǎn)數(shù)+分鐘”Eg:It’sseveno’clock.It'sseventwenty.時(shí)刻讀法：“整點(diǎn)數(shù)+分鐘”；（分鐘數(shù)小于或等于30分鐘）“分鐘數(shù)+past+整點(diǎn)數(shù)”；（分鐘數(shù)大于30分鐘）“所差分鐘數(shù)+to+下一整點(diǎn)數(shù)”Eg:6:30讀作sixthirty或halfpastsix8:45讀作aquartertonine注意：15分鐘常用aquarter，半小時(shí)常用half分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于一時(shí)，分母需用序數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式eg：1/3：one/athird2/3：twothirds3/4：threequarters或threefourths小數(shù)：按照基數(shù)詞的讀法eg：36.22讀作thirty-sixpointtwotwo百分?jǐn)?shù)eg：88%讀作eighty-eightpercent（percent沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式）倍數(shù)：“兩倍”用twice/double，“三倍以上”用“基數(shù)詞+times”，常用句型有：倍數(shù)+as...asEg：Wehaveproducedfourtimesasmanycomputersaswedidlastyear.倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+thanEg:Hisuncleistwiceolderthanhe.ShehasreadthreetimesmorebooksthanIhave.倍數(shù)+the+名詞+of:常見(jiàn)名詞有size,height,length,depth,age,width,weight等Eg:ChinaisalmostfivetimesthesizeofMexicoinarea.“數(shù)詞-可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)（-形容詞）”用作定語(yǔ)Eg:afive-year-oldchildathree-weekvisittoSingapore序數(shù)詞前不用the或省略the的情況表示“又一，再一”時(shí)Eg:Theywantedtotryasecondtime.序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞或名詞所有格時(shí)Eg:It’smy60thbirthday.ThisisLily’stwelfthbook.“序數(shù)詞+名詞”構(gòu)成合成形容詞時(shí)Eg:Therewillbeasecond-handclothesshoponthisstreet.固定搭配Eg:atfirst,firstofall,everyfouryears序數(shù)詞用作副詞時(shí)Eg:Hecamefirst.例題：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇。1.Boysandgirls,pleaseturntoPage____andlookatthe________picture.A.Fifth;fiveB.Five;fiveC.Fifth;fifthD.Five;fifth2.Kateisaschoolgirl.Shegotmanypresentsonher__birthday.A.NineB.theninthC.ninetiethD.ninth3.Two_____students___totheopeningceremonylastFriday.A.hundreds;wereinvitedB.hundred;wereinvitedC.hundredsof;invitedD.hundredof;invited4.It'sreportedthatpeoplethrow___plasticbagsalongthisstreeteveryday.AhundredBhundredsC.hundredofD.hundredsof5.Helenlovesreading.Shehasread___booksthismonth.A.fiveB.fifthC.fiveofD.fifthof6.-Howmanypeoplewereinvitedtothemeeting?-Aboutsix______.A.HundredB.hundredsC.hundredofD.hundredsof7.Amywillhaveher_______birthdaypartynextFriday.A.twelveB.twelfthC.thetwelfth8.Thenumberofthecarsinourneighborhoodisabouteight___,and__ofthemarenewcars.A.hundred;twothirdsB.hundred;twothirdC.hundreds;twothirdsD.hundreds;twothird9.Tofinishthetask,we'vetriedthreetimes,andafterdinnerwe'lltry_______time.A.thefourthB.afourthC.fourthD.four10.Lastyear,onehundredEnglishteacherstookpartinthe__EnglishSummerTraining.A.twomonthB.two-monthsC.twomonths11.Hewenttothecitywhichwas__milesawayfromhishouse.A.threehundredB.severalhundredsC.threehundredsD.threehundredsof12.-Excuseme,howdoesthisnumber2,146read?-Itreads______.twothousandsandonehundredandfortyandsixtwothousandandonehundredandforty-sixC.twothousand,onehundredandforty-sixD.twothousands,onehundred,forty-six13._______peoplearemembersofGreenChinainourcity.A.HundredofB.HundredsofC.HundredD.Hundreds14.Thewomanhasa__child.A.threeyearsoldB.threeyearoldC.threeyears-oldD.threeyear'sold15.Ittookus__togettothetopofthemountainlastSunday.A.onehourandahalfhourB.oneandonehalfhoursC.anhourandahalfhourD.oneandahalfhours16.Mayisthe___monthofayear.A.fiftyB.fifteenC.fifthD.five17.Timeisnotenoughforthework.____peopleareneeded,Ithink.A.OthertwoB.OnlytwoC.TwoanotherD.Twomore18.The_______questionismuchmoredifficultthanthisone.AsixthB.sixC,sixteenD.sixty19.Johnbegantomakealivingbyhimself______A.inhisthirtyB.inhisthirtiesC.inthethirtyD.inthethirties20.Thecottonproductionhasincreasedby_______percentthisyearcomparedwithlastyearAfivepointsixeightB.fivepointsixty-eightfifthpaintandsixeightD.fivepointandsixeight參考答案：DDBDAABABAACBBDCDABA

形容詞常見(jiàn)形容詞后綴：-able:comfortable,suitable,enjoyable-al:natural,local,traditional-ant:pleasant,important,abundant-ary:necessary,literary,ordinary-ed:excited,warm-hearted,bored,interested-ent:independent,different-ful:hopeful,careful,wonderful,colorful-ible:terrible,horrible,possible-ing:exciting,boring,interesting-ish:foolish,selfish,childish-ive:creative,active-ious:delicious,serious,curious-ical:typical,musical,physical-less:hopeless,careless,helpless-ly:friendly,lovely-ous:famous,fabulous-some:handsome,awesome,troublesome-y:dirty,angry,hungry,rainy形容詞的位置一般置于被修飾詞前Eg:Ihaveasmartpet.Studentsaresobusyandtheyhavenosparetime.置于被修飾詞后的情況以a-起首的形容詞一般用作表語(yǔ)，但這類(lèi)詞中有些也可作后置定語(yǔ)，如alone,afraid,asleep,alive等。Eg:Hemustbethebestbasketballplayeralive.Heisamanafraidofnothing.形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞，如something,anything,everyone等，需要置于其后Eg:I’dlikesomethingsweettoeat.Thereisnothingwrongwiththewatch.具有表語(yǔ)作用的形容詞聯(lián)合使用時(shí)Eg:Theboy,tired,hungryandthirsty,felldownonthestreet.Ihaveneverreadsuchanovelsoinspiringandinteresting.形容詞詞組（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)Eg:Thebottlefilledwithmilkismybabysister’s.Allthesearemattersworthofattention.注意：同一形容詞作前置定語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其意義可能不同。Eg:Pleasewritedownyourpresentaddress.請(qǐng)寫(xiě)下你現(xiàn)在的住址。Thepeoplepresentarehisgoodfriends.在場(chǎng)的人是他的好朋友。形容詞的比較等級(jí)原級(jí)比較：用于兩者程度相同的比較在肯定句中用“as+原級(jí)形容詞+as”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示前后兩者的情況一樣Eg:TomisastallasPeter.在否定句中用“notso/as+原級(jí)形容詞+as”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示前者不如后者Eg:Sheisnotas/sobusyashersister.如果第一個(gè)so/as后的形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，應(yīng)將該名詞放在第一個(gè)so/as后Eg:Wehaveplantedasmanytreesaswedidlastyear.比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般在詞尾加-er,-estsmartsmartersmartest以e結(jié)尾只加-r,-stnicenicernicest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，將y變?yōu)閕再加-er,-esthappyhappierhappiest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫(xiě)這一輔音字母后，再加-er,-estthinthinnerthinnest部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞在詞前加more,mostimportantmoreimportantmostimportant分詞形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)一般在其前加more,mostinterestingmoreinterestingmostinterestingexcitingmoreexcitingmostexciting不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good,wellbetterbestmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastbad,illworseworstfarfarther（只指距離）farthest（只指距離）further（指距離也只程度）furthest（指距離也只程度）oldolder（指年齡、新舊、血緣）oldest（指年齡、新舊、血緣）elder（只指血緣）eldest（只指血緣）比較級(jí)的用法比較級(jí)+thanEg:JennyhasmorebooksthanJimmydoes.比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)Eg:It’sgettinghotterandhotter.the+比較級(jí)...,the+比較級(jí)Eg:Themoreyoueat,theheavieryouwillbe.the+比較級(jí)（+ofthetwo）Eg:ThelargerofthetwohousesbelongstoMissWhite.morethan（多于）,notmorethan（不比多）,lessthan（少于）,notlessthan（不少于）,less+形容詞+than（不如）Eg:Ithinkdogsarelesscutethancats.Morethan500studentswillattendthemeeting.使用比較級(jí)常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤比較的范圍或?qū)ο蟪鲥e(cuò)Eg:ThelengthofNileislongerthanYangtzeRiver.(×)ThelengthofNileislongerthanthatofYangtzeRiver.(√)ChinaislagerthananycountryinAsia.(×)ChinaislagerthananyothercountryinAsia.(√)ChinaislagerthananycountryinAfrica.(√)“not+比較級(jí)+than”與“no+比較級(jí)+than”表達(dá)的意義完全不同。前者常常表示“一方不如另一方”，后者表示“雙方都不”Eg:MySpanishisnotbetterthanyou.我的西班牙語(yǔ)不如你好。MySpanishisnobetterthanyou.我的西班牙語(yǔ)和你一樣差。比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ):much,far,byfar,still,even,no,any,alot,alittle,abit,agreatdeal,rather,twice,twothirds等Eg:Heisevenfatterthanbefore.Yourappleistwicebiggerthanmine.最高級(jí)的用法the+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+表示范圍的詞組或從句Eg:Herbikeisthenewestoneintheneighborhood.Frozenisthemostinterestingmovieofthethreeones.oneofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+課時(shí)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式+表示范圍的詞組或從句Eg:Chinaisoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld.比較級(jí)形式表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義Eg:Mr.Blackisverygladbecausetheclothesmadeinhisfactoryhaveneverbeenmorepopular.Sheistallerthananyothergirlinherclass.=Sheistallerthantheothergirlsinherclass.=Sheistallerthantherestofthegirlsinherclass.形容詞的常用句型It+be+形容詞+ofsb.+不定式（強(qiáng)調(diào)某人的品質(zhì)）Eg:It’sverykindofyoutohelpmewithmymath.It+be+形容詞+forsb.+不定式（強(qiáng)調(diào)某物）Eg:It’sdifficultformetolearnphysicswell.主語(yǔ)+be+形容詞+不定式Eg:Jackisalwaysreadytohelpothers.易錯(cuò)形容詞用法解析good與well:good作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)；well一般作表語(yǔ)，且只表示“身體好”，另外well還有副詞詞性。Eg:Eatingcarrotsisgoodforoureyes.--Howareyou?I’mverywell.（我身體很好）以-ing和-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞:以-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞一般修飾事物，而以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞則常常修飾人Eg:Thefootballgameisexciting.I’mexcited.elder和older:elder意為“年長(zhǎng)的”，只指人，強(qiáng)調(diào)長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系，不用于than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中；older意為“年齡較大的，較舊的”，可指人和物。Eg:Sheismyeldersister.Myelderbrotheris5yearsolderthanmyyoungersister.單項(xiàng)選擇。1.TheForbiddenCityattractsa___streamofvisitorseveryday.A.constantB.mainC.powerfulD.shallow2.Thereisn'tanairportnearwhereIlive.The__oneisabout90milesaway.A.busiestB.farthestC.newestD.nearest3.Iknowthisplanisfarfromperfect,butIjustcan'tthinkof___one.A.abetterB.thebetterC.abestD.thebest4.-It'soneofthe__thingsintheworldtostaywithfriends.-Iagree.Italwaysmakesusrelaxed.A.worstB.happiestC.busiestD.hardest5.-Howareyougettingalongwithyournewclassmates?-Verywell.Theyareall_____me.A.afraidofB.friendlytoC.angrywithD.sorryfor6.It'ssuchan____filmthatallthestudentsare___init.A.interesting;interestedB.interested;interestingC.interesting;interestingD.interested;interested7.Toprotectenvironmentis__totakecareofourlives.A.importantB.themoreimportantC.themostimportantD.asimportantas8.Thisfilmismuch_thanthatone.A.interestingB.moreinterestingC.themostinterestingD.veryinteresting9.-Isthechildanybettertoday?-Ithinkso.Histemperatureseems__now.A.highB.normalC.lowD.special10.Thenumberofthetreesaroundmyvillageisgetting__.A,largerandlargerB.higherandhighermoreandmoreD.lessandless參考答案：ADABBADBBA

副詞副詞的位置修飾形容詞和其他副詞時(shí)，一般位于被修飾詞之前Eg:Hewalkedtoofast.Shecriedsoloudly.用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子，表示說(shuō)話人的看法、態(tài)度、評(píng)論或估價(jià)時(shí)，通常用逗號(hào)與句中的其他成分隔開(kāi)Eg:Luckily,thelittleboywassavedbythefiremen.副詞的比較等級(jí)原級(jí)比較：用于兩者程度相同的比較原級(jí)比較的句型結(jié)構(gòu)在肯定句中用“as+原級(jí)副詞+as”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示前后兩者的情況一樣Eg:TomrunsasfastasPeter.在否定句中用“not...so/as+原級(jí)副詞+as”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示前者不如后者Eg:Shecan’tspeakEnglishas/sofluentlyasyou.只能修飾原級(jí)的詞：very,so,too,quite等Eg:Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.Itrainedquiteheavilylastnight.比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般在詞尾加-er,-estfastfasterfastest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，將y變?yōu)閕再加-er,-estearlyearlierearliest部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞在詞前加more,mostslowlymoreslowlymostslowlyquicklymorequicklymostquickly不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther（只指距離）farthest（只指距離）further（指距離也只程度）furthest（指距離也只程度）比較級(jí)的用法用于修飾比較級(jí)的詞：much,far,byfar,still,even,no,any,alot,alittle,abit,agreatdeal,rather,twice,twothirds等Eg:Youlookevenyoungerthanbefore.Thelighttravelsmuchfasterthanthesound.句型結(jié)構(gòu)比較級(jí)+thanEg:Hesangbetterthanme.比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)Eg:Hedrovemoreandmorecarefully.the+比較級(jí)...,the+比較級(jí)Eg:Theharderyoupractice,thebetteryou’lllearn.最高級(jí)的用法句型結(jié)構(gòu)：“the+副詞最高級(jí)+表示范圍的詞組或從句”，最高級(jí)前的定冠詞the可省略。Eg:Leoruns(the)fastestinhisclass.Fiatplaysbasketball(the)bestoftheboys.易錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)toomuch和muchtootoomuch表示“太多”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞或動(dòng)詞Eg:Don’teattoomuch.Therearetoomuchwateronthefloor.muchtoo表示“太，非?！?，修飾形容詞或副詞Eg:Hewasmuchtoohungrysothatheate5hamburgers.Itsnowedmuchtooheavilyyesterday.enough的位置enough作副詞時(shí)，置于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后Eg:Ifyou’regoodenough,youwillbepraised.enough作形容詞時(shí)，置于被修飾的名詞之前Eg:Wecan’taffordthecarbecausewedon’thaveenoughmoney.hard和hardlyhard既可作副詞也可作形容詞。做副詞時(shí)，意為“努力地，猛烈地，沉重地”等；作形容詞時(shí)，意為“堅(jiān)硬的，困難的，冷酷的”等。Eg:Studentsshouldstudyhard.Theproblemishardtosolve.hardly為副詞，意為“幾乎不，幾乎沒(méi)有”。Eg:Icanhardlybelieveit.兼有兩種形式的副詞與形容詞同形的副詞表示具體意義，帶-ly的副詞表示抽象意義，如:close和closely，deep和deeply，high和highly等Eg:Marystoodclosetohermother.Therainstormbroughtpeopleclosely.Theplayercanjumpveryhigh.Theyspeakhighlyofthefilm.too,aswell,also,eithertoo和aswell一般用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句中，常放句尾。too前可用逗號(hào)與句子其他成分隔開(kāi)，aswell一般不可以。Eg:Mycousinlikescountrymusic,andIlikeit,too.StancanspeakEnglishandhecanspeakFrenchaswell.also主要用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，常放句中。Eg:Benwasn’ttheonlyonewhoknewtheaccident.Ialsoknewit.either用于否定句和否定疑問(wèn)句中，常放句尾。Eg:Ican’tswimandmymothercan’teither.練習(xí)：-Theboysaretalkingabouttheirvacation______.-Yes.Theyhavesomanyfunthingstoshare.A.easilyB.angrilyC.sadlyD.happily2.-Howcanyouprovetheearthislargerthanthemoon?-Ican't,sir.___,Ineversaiditwas.A.ThenB.HoweverC.BesidesD.Instead3.Weheldasportsmeetingyesterday,Kateran_amongtheplayers,A.quicklyB.morequicklyC.fasterD.fastest4.Wecanhardlybelievethatyoulearntodanceso____A.quickB.quicklyC.usefulD.usefully5.I'msorryI'mlate,Ishouldgethere10minutes___A.earlyB.earlierC.theearlierD.theearliest6.Myyoungerbrotheris_heavybecauseheofteneats_junkfood.A.muchtoo;toomanyB.toomuch;toomanyC.toomuch;toomuchD.muchtoo;toomuch7.Wewillhavetosetoff_____toavoidtheheavytraffictomorrowmorningA.earlyB.quietlyC.slowlyD.politely8.-Whodraws_________,Tom,JackorBill?-Bill.A.goodB.wellC.bestD.better9.Icould________hearwhatyousaidjustnow.Couldyoupleasesaythatagain?A.sometimesB.alwaysC.hardlyD.clearly10.Rosethinksshestudiesas______asherfriend.A.hardlyB.harderC.hardD.morehardly參考答案：DCDBBDACCC

代詞人稱(chēng)代詞人稱(chēng)代詞主要是指代人和物的代詞。有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和格的變化。人稱(chēng)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱(chēng)Imeweus第二人稱(chēng)youyouyouyou第三人稱(chēng)hehimtheythemsheheritit人稱(chēng)代詞的句法作用人稱(chēng)代詞作主語(yǔ)Eg:Wewillgoshoppingthisweekend.Sheismybestfriend.人稱(chēng)代詞作賓語(yǔ)Eg:Ittookhimfivedaystofinishthetask.Theydon’tbelieveme.人稱(chēng)代詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)Eg:WhenI’mintrouble,Ialwaystalkwithher.Theactorissohandsomethateveryonelooksathim.人稱(chēng)代詞作表語(yǔ)Eg:Whoisknockingthedoor?It’sme.人稱(chēng)代詞的用法人稱(chēng)代詞we,you,they除了指一定的人以外，有時(shí)還用來(lái)泛指人們，指言者、聽(tīng)者或第三方Eg:Wearenotbornforourselves.Youcan’ttrustamanwhoalwaysbreakshispromise.Iftheysayyou’regood,askyourselfifitbetrue.兩個(gè)或多個(gè)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為表示禮貌，I應(yīng)放在最后Eg:YouandIarerequiredtoworktogether.人稱(chēng)代詞it的用法代替動(dòng)植物或無(wú)生命的事物Eg:I’vehadthisbikefor3years.Myfatherboughtitforme.Fishlivesunderwater.Itswimswithitstail.代替嬰兒Eg:Thebabyfelldownontheground.Itmustbehurt.代替前面提到的事物Eg:Thanksforyourhelp.Don’tmentionit.代替this或thatEg:What’sthis?It’saruler.物主代詞數(shù)物主代詞表示所屬關(guān)系，包括形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)有性的區(qū)別。數(shù)類(lèi)別人稱(chēng)類(lèi)別人稱(chēng)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs物主代詞的句法作用形容詞性物主代詞：相當(dāng)于于形容詞，置于名詞前，作定語(yǔ)。Eg:Myfavoritefoodisice-cream.Lisalostherwalletlastweek.名詞性物主代詞：相當(dāng)于名詞，不能與名詞連用，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或與of連用構(gòu)成雙重所有格。Eg:Ourbooksareonthefirstfloorandtheirsareonthesecondfloor.（作主語(yǔ)）Iwilldomyjobandyoudoyours.（作賓語(yǔ)）What’syoursismine,andwhat’smineismyown.（作表語(yǔ)）It’sapictureofhers.（與of連用構(gòu)成雙重所有格）反身代詞表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作返回到動(dòng)作發(fā)出者本身。有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，單數(shù)以-self結(jié)尾，復(fù)數(shù)以-selves結(jié)尾，單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)有性的區(qū)別。數(shù)人稱(chēng)數(shù)人稱(chēng)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱(chēng)myselfourselves第二人稱(chēng)yourselfyourselves第三人稱(chēng)himselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代詞的句法作用作賓語(yǔ)Eg:Ihopeyouwillenjoyyourselvesattheparty.Hefinishedthetaskbyhimself.作表語(yǔ)Eg:I’mnotquitemyselfthesedays.作同位語(yǔ)Eg:Youyourselftoldmethetruth.指示代詞指示代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)thisthesethatthose指示代詞的句法作用指示代詞可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。Eg:Thisisaneffectivewaytodevelopgoodeatinghabits.（作主語(yǔ)）Ididn’tmeanthat.（作賓語(yǔ)）AllIwanttosayisthis.（作表語(yǔ)）Takethoseboxestoyourroom.（作定語(yǔ)）指示代詞的用法this,these用于指代時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物;that,those用于指代時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物Eg:Thesearemycousinsandthosearemygrandparents.that,those用來(lái)指代前面所提到的名詞或所說(shuō)的情況，以免重復(fù)Eg:TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofGuangdong.打電話時(shí)，想對(duì)方介紹自己要用“Thisis...”。詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方是哪位時(shí)，可用“Whoisthat?”,“Isthat...?”Eg:ThisisDan.Whoisthat?ThisisJimmy.不定代詞不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。不定代詞具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì)，并有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)的區(qū)別。常見(jiàn)不定代詞用法：some和anysome常用于肯定句以及表示請(qǐng)求、建議或期望得到肯定回答的疑問(wèn)句中Eg:Somestudentsareplayingfootballatschool.Wouldyoulikesomejuice?any常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，當(dāng)any表示“任何”含義時(shí)，也可用于肯定句中Eg:Ican’tgiveyouanyadvice.Youcanborrowanyofthesebooks.many和muchmany用于修飾可數(shù)名詞，much用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞Eg:Wehavemanyapples,butwedon’thavemuchmilkinthefridge.all、each，everyall意為“全部，所有”，指三者或三者以上的人或物，可修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。Eg:Allstudentsshouldtakepartinthegame.each意為“每個(gè)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，可用于兩者之間，也可用于三者或三者以上的情況，代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)Eg:EachofusmissesMr.Blackverymuch.every意為“每個(gè)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，用于三者或三者以上的情況，修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)Eg:Youneedtopracticeviolineveryday.noone，nonenoonenone指代人人或物（表示三者或三者以上“沒(méi)有一個(gè)”）主語(yǔ)單獨(dú)做主語(yǔ)常與of連用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)句Who及含anyone,anybody的問(wèn)句howmany,howmuch問(wèn)句Eg:Noneofthepicturesismine.Nooneknowswhereheis.both、either和neitherboth指“兩者都”，代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)Eg:Bothofhisbrothersarestudyingabroad.either指“兩者任一”，neither指“兩者都不”，這兩個(gè)詞都可代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Eg:Eitherofyouissupposedtoworkwiththemathteacher.few、afew、little、alittlefew和afew是一對(duì)反義詞，修飾可數(shù)名詞；little和alittle也是一對(duì)反義詞，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。few和little表示“有少許”Eg:Icanseeafewtreesinthecity.Theyonlyhavealittlewater.few、little表示“幾乎沒(méi)有”，帶有否定意義Eg:Thisisanoldsong,sofewyoungpeopleknowit.Wehavelittlesparetime.another、other、theother、others意義用法another泛指三者或三者以上“另一個(gè)”可單獨(dú)使用，也可修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)other泛指“其他的”修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞theother特指“兩者中的另一個(gè)”可單獨(dú)使用，也可修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)others泛指“其他的一些”不與名詞連用theothers特指“剩下的全部”不與名詞連用Eg:Thedressistoosmall,pleasegivemeanotherone.Someotherclotheswillbesenttoyourhouse.Ihavetwobikes.Oneisred,theotheriswhite.Somestudentsliketalkshowsandotherslikegameshows.Sarahboughtfivebooks.Threeofthemwerestorybooksandtheotherswerefictionnovels.復(fù)合不定代詞-thing-body-onesome-somethingsomebodysomeoneany-anythinganybodyanyoneevery-everythingeverybodyeveryoneno-nothingnobodynoone/none由some,any,every,no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式Eg:Somethingiswrongwithmycomputer.Isthereanythinginthebox?復(fù)合不定代詞若有定語(yǔ)修飾，該定語(yǔ)要置于其后Eg:Ihadsomethingspecialfordinner.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?one的用法用于替代前文出現(xiàn)過(guò)的可數(shù)名詞，以避免重復(fù)，有復(fù)數(shù)形式。Eg:Ireceivedaletterfrommyfriend,andLilyreceivedonefromherpen-pal.Mymotherdoesn’tlikeyellowflowers.Shelikesredones.泛指“人們，一個(gè)人”Eg:Oneshouldbehonest.表示具體的“一個(gè)人，一個(gè)事物”Eg:ItwastheoneIaskedfor.易錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)：it,one,thatit表示特指，指代前文所提及的事物，即“同一事物”，可指代可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。Eg:Althoughtheproblemisdifficult,Iwillsolveit.one表示泛指，指代前文提到的同類(lèi)事物但不是同一事物，即“同類(lèi)不同物”，只可指代可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。Eg:Yourdressisbeautiful.Ialsowanttobuyone.that表示特指，指代前文提及的同類(lèi)事物的另一個(gè)，可指代可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。Eg:ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.相互代詞eachother和oneanother,意為“相互，互相”。相互代詞只能作賓語(yǔ)。Eg:Weshouldhelpeachother,especiallyinthetimesofdifficulty.Myparentsoftengivegiftstooneanother.疑問(wèn)代詞疑問(wèn)代詞表示疑問(wèn)，構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。指人指物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)who√√√√whom√√whose√√√√√√which√√√√√what√√√√√Who和whom都意為“誰(shuí)”，對(duì)人物提問(wèn)。介詞之后只能用whom。Eg:Who/Whomdoyouneedwhenyou’reintrouble?Withwhomwillyougotothemovies?whose的用法意為“誰(shuí)的”，可單獨(dú)使用，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)；也可置于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。Eg:Whoseisbetter?（作主語(yǔ)）Whosedoyoulike?（作賓語(yǔ)）Whoseisthis?（作表語(yǔ)）Whosecompositionisthebest?（作定語(yǔ)）Which的用法意為“哪一”，可單獨(dú)使用，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；也可與置于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。Eg:Whichissmarter,TomorPeter?（作主語(yǔ)）Whichdoyouwanttothrowaway?（作賓語(yǔ)）Whichoneisyourchoice?（作定語(yǔ)）What的用法意為“什么”，可詢(xún)問(wèn)天氣、職業(yè)、品行、姓名、時(shí)間、顏色等Eg:What’stheweatherinShanghai?What’syourfather?Whatdoesyouryoungersisterlooklike?WhatcolorisJacky’scrayon?辨析：what和whichwhat常指沒(méi)有選擇范圍，which指有選擇范圍Eg:Whatsubjectdoyoulikebest?Whichsubjectdoyoulikebest,math,EnglishorChinese?練習(xí)：1.-Frank,isthisyourping-pongbat?-No,it’snot__.Ididn'ttakeonethismorning.A.meB.myC.mineD.I2.-I'mafraidIwon'tpasstheexam.-Comeon,Bill.Youshouldbelievein__.That'sthesecretofsuccess.A.myselfB.ourselvesC.yourselfD.yourselves3.Themanstandingunderthetreeis_cousin.Hei