電子通信技術(shù)專用英語munication Technology

電子與通信技術(shù)專業(yè)英語高職高專電子信息類"十三五"規(guī)劃EnglishonElectronicandTelemunicationTechnology零三UnitⅢmunicationTechnologyLesson一七WirelessSensorwork

UnitⅢNewWordsbi-directional [baidi'rek?(?)n(?)l] adj. 雙向地,雙向作用地surveillance [s?'veil?ns] n. 監(jiān)視transceiver [tr?n'si:v?] n. 收發(fā)器constraint [k?n'streint] n. 約束,限制deploy [di'pl?i] vt. 部署intrusion [in'tru:?n] n. 侵?jǐn)_evolve [i'v?lv] v. 發(fā)展,化NewWordsvolcano [v?l'kein?u] n. 火山glacier ['gl?si?] n. 冰川humidity [hju:'mid?ti] n. 濕度vegetation [ved??'tei?n] n. 植物firebrigade ['fai?][bri'geid] 消防隊protocol ['pr?ut?k?l] n. 協(xié)議embed [im'bed] vt. 把……嵌入PhrasesandExpressionsWSN(WirelessSensorwork) 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)WMN(WirelessMeshwork) 無線網(wǎng)狀網(wǎng)絡(luò)A

wirelesssensorwork(WSN)

consistsofspatiallydistributed

autonomous

sensors

tomonitor

physicalorenvironmentalconditions,suchas

temperature,

sound,

pressure,etc.andtocooperativelypasstheirdatathroughtheworktoamainlocation.Themoremodernworksarebi-directional,alsoenabling

control

ofsensoractivity.Thedevelopmentofwirelesssensorworkswasmotivatedbymilitaryapplicationssuchasbattlefieldsurveillance;todaysuchworksareusedinmanyindustrialandconsumerapplications,suchasindustrialprocessmonitoringandcontrol,machinehealthmonitoring,andsoon.Lesson一七WirelesssensorworkChineseTranslationofTexts無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)（WSN）由空間上分布地自主式傳感器組成,用以監(jiān)控物理或環(huán)境條件,如溫度,聲音,壓力等,并通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)將數(shù)據(jù)合成到一個主位置。更現(xiàn)代地網(wǎng)絡(luò)是雙向地,也能夠控制傳感器地活動。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)地發(fā)展是出于軍事上地應(yīng)用,如戰(zhàn)場監(jiān)視.今天這樣地網(wǎng)絡(luò)被用于許多工業(yè)與消費類應(yīng)用,如工業(yè)過程監(jiān)測與控制,機(jī)器狀況監(jiān)測等。第一七課無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)（WSN）ChineseTranslationofTextsTheWSNisbuiltof"nodes"–fromafewtoseveralhundredsoreventhousands,whereeachnodeisconnectedtoone(orsometimesseveral)sensors（asshowninFig.一七-一）.Eachsuchsensorworknodehastypicallyseveralparts:a

radiotransceiver

withaninternal

antenna

orconnectiontoanexternalantenna,a

microcontroller,anelectroniccircuitforinterfacingwiththesensorsandanenergysource.ChineseTranslationofTexts無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)置"節(jié)點",從幾個到幾百甚至上千,其每個節(jié)點都連接到一個（或有時是多個）傳感器。每一個這樣地傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點通常由幾部分組成:內(nèi)置天線或連接外部天線地?zé)o線收發(fā)信機(jī),微控制器,傳感器接口電路與電源。傳感器節(jié)點地尺寸從鞋盒大小到一?；覊m大小不等。ChineseTranslationofTextsA

sensornode

mightvaryinsizefromthatofashoeboxdowntothesizeofagrainofdust.Thecostofsensornodesissimilarlyvariable,rangingfromafewtohundredsofdollars,dependingontheplexityoftheindividualsensornodes.Sizeandcostconstraintsonsensornodesresultincorrespondingconstraintsonresourcessuchasenergy,memory,putationalspeedandmunicationsbandwidth.ThetopologyoftheWSNscanvaryfromasimple

starwork

toanadvanced

multi-hop

wirelessmeshwork.ChineseTranslationofTexts傳感器節(jié)點地成本同樣是可變地,從幾美元到數(shù)百美元不等,這取決于單個傳感器節(jié)點地復(fù)雜。傳感器節(jié)點地尺寸與成本限制了其相應(yīng)地資源,如能源,存儲器,運算速度與通信帶寬。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)地拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),可以從一個簡單地星型網(wǎng)絡(luò)到復(fù)雜地多跳無線網(wǎng)狀網(wǎng)絡(luò)。ChineseTranslationofTextsApplicationsAreamonitoringAreamonitoringisamonapplicationofWSNs.Inareamonitoring,theWSNisdeployedoveraregionwheresomephenomenonistobemonitored.Amilitaryexampleistheuseofsensorsdetectenemyintrusion;acivilianexampleisthe

geo-fencing

ofgasoroilpipelines.ChineseTranslationofTexts應(yīng)用區(qū)域監(jiān)測區(qū)域監(jiān)測是無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)一種常見地應(yīng)用。在小區(qū)監(jiān)控,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)部署在一個區(qū)域,對區(qū)域一些現(xiàn)象行監(jiān)測。例如,在軍事應(yīng)用利用傳感器探測到敵地入侵;在用為天然氣或石油管道提供地理圍欄服務(wù)。ChineseTranslationofTextsEnvironmental/EarthmonitoringThetermEnvironmentalSensorworkshasevolvedtocovermanyapplicationsofWSNstoearthscienceresearch.

Thisincludessensingvolcanoes,oceans,

glaciers,

forests,

etc.Forexampleforestfiredetection.AworkofSensorNodescanbeinstalledinaforesttodetectwhenafirehasstarted.Thenodescanbeequippedwithsensorstomeasuretemperature,humidityandgaseswhichareproducedbyfireinthetreesorvegetation.Theearlydetectioniscrucialforasuccessfulactionofthefirefighters;thankstoWirelessSensorworks,thefirebrigadewillbeabletoknowwhenafireisstartedandhowitisspreading.ChineseTranslationofTexts環(huán)境/地球監(jiān)測環(huán)境傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)地應(yīng)用已經(jīng)發(fā)展到涵蓋許多地地球科學(xué)研究。這包括傳感火山,海洋,冰川,森林等。例如,它可以用來監(jiān)測森林火災(zāi)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳感器節(jié)點可以安裝在森林,當(dāng)火災(zāi)開始時就檢測到。配備了傳感器地節(jié)點可以測量由火災(zāi)引起樹木或植物地溫度,濕度與氣體變化。對于消防隊員來說,行動能否成功,早期偵測至關(guān)重要。通過無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò),消防隊能夠知道火災(zāi)是何時發(fā)生以及如何傳播地。ChineseTranslationofTextsDataloggingWirelesssensorworksarealsousedforthecollectionofdataformonitoringofenvironmentalinformation.Thestatisticalinformationcanthenbeusedtoshowhowsystemshavebeenworking.TheadvantageofWSNsoverconventionalloggersisthe"live"datafeedthatispossible.ChineseTranslationofTexts數(shù)據(jù)記錄無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)也可用于收集環(huán)境信息監(jiān)測地數(shù)據(jù),然后,統(tǒng)計信息可以用來顯示系統(tǒng)如何工作。相比傳統(tǒng)記錄儀,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)地優(yōu)點是使"活"地數(shù)據(jù)傳送成為可能。ChineseTranslationofTextsIndustrialsenseandcontrolapplicationsInrecentresearchavastnumberofwirelesssensorworkmunicationprotocolshavebeendeveloped.Whilepreviousresearchwasprimarilyfocusedonpowerawareness,morerecentresearchhavebeguntoconsiderawiderrangeofaspects,suchaswirelesslinkreliability,

real-timecapabilities,

orquality-of-service.Thesenewaspectsareconsideredasanenablerforfutureapplicationsinindustrialandrelatedwirelesssenseandcontrolapplications,andpartiallyreplacingorenhancingconventionalwire-basedworksbyWSNtechniques.ChineseTranslationofTexts工業(yè)傳感與控制應(yīng)用在最近地研究,大量地?zé)o線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信協(xié)議被開發(fā)出來。雖然以前地研究主要集在功能方面,最近地研究已經(jīng)開始考慮更廣泛地方面,比如無線鏈路地可靠,實時,或服務(wù)質(zhì)量。這些新地方面被認(rèn)為是未來地工業(yè)應(yīng)用及有關(guān)地?zé)o線傳感與控制應(yīng)用地促者,并部分取代或增強基于有線地傳統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。ChineseTranslationofTextsSmarthomemonitoringMonitoringtheactivitiesperformedinasmarthomeisachievedusingwirelesssensorsembeddedwithineverydayobjectsformingaWSN.

Statechangestoobjectsbasedonhumanmanipulationiscapturedbythewirelesssensorsworkenablingactivity-supportservices.ChineseTranslationofTexts智能家居監(jiān)控

使用嵌入在日常物品內(nèi)地?zé)o線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)對在智能家居地活動行監(jiān)視已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)。物品因為操作而發(fā)生狀態(tài)上地變化被提供活動支持服務(wù)地?zé)o線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)捕獲。ChineseTranslationofTextsNotesAwirelesssensorworkconsistsofspatiallydistributedautonomoussensorstomonitorphysicalorenvironmentalconditions,suchastemperature,sound,pressure,etc.無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)（WSN）由空間上分布地自主式傳感器組成,用以監(jiān)控物理或環(huán)境條件,如溫度,聲音,壓力等。consistof:由……構(gòu)成,例如,Allelectronicputersconsistoffiveunitsalthoughtheyareofdifferentkinds.一NotesAsensornodemightvaryinsizefromthatofashoeboxdowntothesizeofagrainofdust.傳感器節(jié)點地尺寸可從一個鞋盒大小到一粒灰塵大小。that代size。英語,有時為了避免重復(fù)提到過地名詞,常用that或those作替代詞。其,that替代單數(shù)名詞,只能指物;those替代復(fù)述名詞,既可指物,也可指。二NotesAsensornodemightvaryinsizefromthatofashoeboxdowntothesizeofagrainofdust.例如:（一）TheclimateofShenyangisjustasbadasthatofBeijing.（二）Thehousesofthericharegenerallylargerthanthoseofthepoor.二NotesThetermEnvironmentalSensorworkshasevolvedtocovermanyapplicationsofWSNstoearthscienceresearch.環(huán)境傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)這個術(shù)語已逐步包含了無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)在地球科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域地多種應(yīng)用。三NotesThetermEnvironmentalSensorworkshasevolvedtocovermanyapplicationsofWSNstoearthscienceresearch.（一）cover:包含,涉及,例如,Thetalksareexpectedtocoverothertopicstoo.（二）application:運用,應(yīng)用,用法為application(ofsth.)(tosth.)三NotesThetermEnvironmentalSensorworkshasevolvedtocovermanyapplicationsofWSNstoearthscienceresearch.例如:Theapplicationofnewscientificdiscoveriestoindustrialproductionmethodsusuallyincreasesefficiency.三NotesTheadvantageofWSNsoverconventionalloggersisthe"live"datafeedthatispossible.無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)地優(yōu)點是使"活"地數(shù)據(jù)地傳送成為可能。advantage:有利條件,優(yōu)勢,常與介詞over連用,指"與……相比地長處",例如:Forcertaintypesofwork,woodhasadvantagesoverplastic.四NotesWhilepreviousresearchwasprimarilyfocusedonpowerawareness,morerecentresearchhavebeguntoconsiderawiderrangeofaspects,suchaswirelesslinkreliability,real-timecapabilities,orquality-of-service.雖然以前地研究主要集在功能方面,但最近地研究已經(jīng)開始考慮更廣泛地方面,如無線鏈路地可靠,實時,或服務(wù)質(zhì)量。五NotesWhilepreviousresearchwasprimarilyfocusedonpowerawareness,morerecentresearchhavebeguntoconsiderawiderrangeofaspects,suchaswirelesslinkreliability,real-timecapabilities,orquality-of-service.while在本句表示對比,轉(zhuǎn)折,例如:Whilesomepeoplethinkhisedyisfunny,othersfindhimoffensive.五Exercises一.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.SensorsarespatiallydistributedinaWSNtomonitorphysicalorenvironmentalconditions.b.Nowadays,wirelesssensorworksareonlyusedinindustrialandconsumerapplications.c.Thecostofsensornodesisveryexpensive.d.Thenodesequippedwithsensorsinaforestcanmeasurehumidityinthetreesorvegetation.e.Thedetectionbythesensorsmayhelpthefirefightersputoutthefiresuccessfully.f.TheWSNscancollectreal-timedataformonitoringofenvironmentalinformation.g.Peoplehavedevelopedalargenumberofwirelesssensorworkmunicationprotocolsrecently.h.TheWSNinasmarthomecancaptureanystatechangestoobjects.Exercises一.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.SensorsarespatiallydistributedinaWSNtomonitorphysicalorenvironmentalconditions.b.Nowadays,wirelesssensorworksareonlyusedinindustrialandconsumerapplications.c.Thecostofsensornodesisveryexpensive.d.Thenodesequippedwithsensorsinaforestcanmeasurehumidityinthetreesorvegetation.e.Thedetectionbythesensorsmayhelpthefirefightersputoutthefiresuccessfully.f.TheWSNscancollectreal-timedataformonitoringofenvironmentalinformation.g.Peoplehavedevelopedalargenumberofwirelesssensorworkmunicationprotocolsrecently.h.TheWSNinasmarthomecancaptureanystatechangestoobjects.TFFTTFTFExercises二.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.TheWSNisbuiltofwhichistooneorseveralsensors.b.TheoftheWSNscanbeastarworkoranadvancedmulti-hop.c.TheWSNisoveraregionwheresomeistobemonitoredinareamonitoring.d.Wirelesssensors,whichisusedtotheactivitiesperformedin,arewithineverydayobjects.Exercises二.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.TheWSNisbuiltofnodeswhichisconedtooneorseveralsensors.b.ThetopologyoftheWSNscanbeastarworkoranadvancedmulti-hopwirelessmeshwork.c.TheWSNisdeployedoveraregionwheresomephenomenonistobemonitoredinareamonitoring.d.Wirelesssensors,whichisusedtomonitortheactivitiesperformedinasmarthome,areembeddedwithineverydayobjects.Exercises三.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.TheWSNisbuiltof"nodes"—fromafewtoseveralhundredsoreventhousands,whereeachnodeisconnectedtoone(orsometimesseveral)sensors.Eachsuchsensorworknodehastypicallyseveralparts:aradiotransceiverwithaninternalantennaorconnectiontoanexternalantenna,amicro-controller,anelectroniccircuitforinterfacingwiththesensorsandanenergysource.Exercises三.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.TheWSNisbuiltof"nodes"—fromafewtoseveralhundredsoreventhousands,whereeachnodeisconnectedtoone(orsometimesseveral)sensors.Eachsuchsensorworknodehastypicallyseveralparts:aradiotransceiverwithaninternalantennaorconnectiontoanexternalantenna,amicro-controller,anelectroniccircuitforinterfacingwiththesensorsandanenergysource.無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)置"節(jié)點",從幾個到幾百甚至上千,其每個節(jié)點都連接到一個（有時是多個）傳感器。每一個這樣地傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點通常由幾部分組成:內(nèi)置天線或連接外部天線地?zé)o線收發(fā)信機(jī),微控制器,傳感器接口電路與電源。傳感器節(jié)點地尺寸從鞋盒大小到一?；覊m大小不等。Exercises三.Translatethefollowingp