2024年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)專題6 非謂語動詞之分詞 講義學(xué)案（學(xué)生版+解析版）

?第06講非謂語動詞之分詞(講義)目錄二四名詞考向五(值習(xí)目標(biāo))【考情分析】句法和作用形式句法和作用動名詞句法和作用形式句法和作用動名詞動詞不定式非謂語動詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞句法和作用句法和作用動詞不定。形式not+動詞-ing⊙。形式作主語作主語作表語0Thehen'sjobislayingeggs.Hecan'twalkwithoutawalkingstick.○作定語Totellthetruth,Ido8880肯定⊙動詞-ing--不規(guī)則動詞非謂語動詞指不能單獨(dú)作謂語，但同時仍保留動詞某些特征的動詞形式。非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)。在句中的作用(主、賓、表、賓補(bǔ)、定、狀)在句中的作用(主、賓、表、賓補(bǔ)、定、狀)動名詞用法(主、賓、表、定)構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在分詞doing過去分詞done分詞用法(表、補(bǔ)、定、狀)考向一分詞的定義非謂語動詞分詞就是具有動詞及形容詞二者特征的詞，分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)和過去分詞(v-ed)兩種，是一種非謂語動詞形式。*現(xiàn)在分詞表示“主動和進(jìn)行”考向二現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能考向二現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能時態(tài)Walkingdownthestreet,hehearssomeonecNotknowingheraddress,wecouldnThehousesbeingbuiltareforaswimmingboy(aboywhoisThemanspeakingtoLily(themanawashingmachine(amachineforwashing)洗衣機(jī)awalkingstick=astick(whichisused)forareadingroom=aroom(whichisusJohnhasreallygotthejobofficialletterwhich/thatoffHe'sreallyamusingandtellsjokeswhenhethinkswe'regettingbored.(2)Whenreadingthenovel,Iheardthetelephonering.(作時間狀語，分詞前面可加when,while等詞。)(3)Livingfarfromtheschool,hehastogetupearlyeverymorning.(原因狀語)由于住的使役動詞/感官動詞+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)(意義主動或正在進(jìn)行)Ihavetwomenworkingformeinthecompany.我讓兩個人在公司為我工作。(表示主動進(jìn)行)IheardanEnglishsongbeing考向三過去分詞的句法功能考向三過去分詞的句法功能boilingwaterboiledwater過去分詞作表語時，它們大多數(shù)是已經(jīng)形容詞化的，而且大多數(shù)是與心理狀態(tài)有聯(lián)系的詞，表示主語所處嚇人的受驚嚇的IwassurprisedtofindmyhBeforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcGivenenoughmoney,I'=IfIamgivenenoughmoney,I'Frightenedbythenoiseoutside,thelittlegirldarednotsleepinher考向四易混易錯點(diǎn)辨析考向四易混易錯點(diǎn)辨析易混易錯點(diǎn)：stoptodo停止，中斷做某事后去做另2)forgetdoing/todoforgettodo忘記要去做某事(未做)regretdoing對做過的事遺憾、后悔。(已做)IdontregrettellingherwhatIthought.meantodo打算、想Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnmeandoing意味著Toraisewage(提高工資)meansincreasingpurchasingpower(購買力).can'thelptodo不能幫助做某事9)關(guān)于use的短語：人sth.寧愿(不)做某事=wouldrather(not)dosth.refertodosth.1ratherthandosth.2寧愿做事情1,而不愿做事情2.do(強(qiáng)調(diào)全過程或經(jīng)常做，注意被動語態(tài))doing(強(qiáng)調(diào)正在做)doing(強(qiáng)調(diào)正在做)needh需要(某人)做某事 beautifulladyinthe—Wow!It'smyteacher,Mr.Wu.(leave)thousandsofpeoplehomeless.by.(leave)thousandsofpeoplehomeless.13.(2022.江蘇鹽城.統(tǒng)考一模)Look!Thereisawall—Ihadmyinvitation—Yes.TheschoolbroadcastingstationannouncedthatourschoolhadputtogoodusetobuynewinstrumentsforA.writtenB.waswritten—Great.ItisthefirstplaneA.developB.developingC.developedA.tocut;closingB.cutting;openC.cut;A.torepairB.repairedC.repairing—Don'tworry.I'llgetitthisafternoon.A.repairB.repairingC.repairedA.ComparedB.TocompareC.CompaA.made;rememberedB.making;rememberC.making;wasrememberedD.made;toremA.playB.playingC.toplayChineseandanimalloversworryaboutheA.madeB.tomakeC.makingA.listenB.listenedC.listens31.(2023.吉林長春.統(tǒng)考三模)IheardBobwhenA.singB.singing—Don'tworry.Ithinkthirtyminutesisenough.A.washingB.towashC.washedastronautstoitsspacestationcombinA.tosendB.sentC.sA.showB.showingC.toshow—TheyareZhaiZhigang,WangYapingandYeGuangA.giveB.givingC.tog閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后按照句子MyparentstookmetoJapEveryonewasafraidofSARS,soIstayedathomewithbook.“Whydon'tyoutranslateitintoChinese?Itwillbebetterthan39computergamesallday.”Ipromisedtodo2,000wordseachday.ButlaterIfounditAftertranslatingonlythreepages,Ialreadylostinterestinthebook.Ilookedatitforalongtime.ButIcouldn'tmakemyselfturnthepages._outsideandplayfootballwithmThewords42bymeagainandagain.Ijustwantedtogiveup.Ifeltasiftwopeoplewerefighting413_mymind.Onesaid,“Doandyou'lldowell!"Butthentheotheronesaid,"Gworktomorrow.”Istoodupandwouldturnoffthecomputer.ButthenIremembered45__myparentshadtoldme,"Wha36.A.BecauseB.WhenC.37.A.anB.the38.A.nothingB.somethingC.ever39.A.beplayedB.playing40.A.waitedforB.been41.A.WhatB.Whata42.A.werecountedB.countedC.are43.A.inB.with44.A.themostinterestingB.moreinteresti45.A.howB.wherewassenttothehospitalbythebusdriverandpassengersimmeA.lies;diesB.lay;diedC.lain;deadD.lying;dyA.worksB.workedC.workingA.play;playB.play;playingC.playing;playD.pA.danceB.dancing —Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.speakingB.spokenC.speakA.CompareB.ComparedC.ComparingD.ComparesA.read,writtenB.toread,writtenC.reading,towriteD.t—SomephotosontheGreatWall.A.aretakenB.takenC.aretaking(pay).?第06講非謂語動詞之分詞(講義)目錄二四名詞考向五(值習(xí)目標(biāo))【考情分析】句法和作用形式句法和作用動名詞句法和作用形式句法和作用動名詞動詞不定式非謂語動詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞句法和作用句法和作用動詞不定。形式not+動詞-ing⊙。形式作主語作主語作表語0Thehen'sjobislayingeggs.Hecan'twalkwithoutawalkingstick.○作定語Totellthetruth,Ido8880肯定⊙動詞-ing--不規(guī)則動詞非謂語動詞指不能單獨(dú)作謂語，但同時仍保留動詞某些特征的動詞形式。非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)。在句中的作用(主、賓、表、賓補(bǔ)、定、狀)在句中的作用(主、賓、表、賓補(bǔ)、定、狀)動名詞用法(主、賓、表、定)構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在分詞doing過去分詞done分詞用法(表、補(bǔ)、定、狀)考向一分詞的定義非謂語動詞分詞就是具有動詞及形容詞二者特征的詞，分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)和過去分詞(v-ed)兩種，是一種非謂語動詞形式。*現(xiàn)在分詞表示“主動和進(jìn)行”考向二現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能考向二現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能時態(tài)Walkingdownthestreet,hehearssomeonecNotknowingheraddress,wecouldnThehousesbeingbuiltareforaswimmingboy(aboywhoisThemanspeakingtoLily(themanawashingmachine(amachineforwashing)洗衣機(jī)awalkingstick=astick(whichisused)forareadingroom=aroom(whichisusJohnhasreallygotthejobofficialletterwhich/thatoffHe'sreallyamusingandtellsjokeswhenhethinkswe'regettingbored.(8)Whenreadingthenovel,Iheardthetelephonering.(作時間狀語，分詞前面可加when,while等詞。)(9)Livingfarfromtheschool,hehastogetupearlyeverymorning.(原因狀語)由于住的使役動詞/感官動詞+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)(意義主動或正在進(jìn)行)Ihavetwomenworkingformeinthecompany.我讓兩個人在公司為我工作。(表示主動進(jìn)行)IheardanEnglishsongbeing考向三過去分詞的句法功能考向三過去分詞的句法功能boilingwaterboiledwater過去分詞作表語時，它們大多數(shù)是已經(jīng)形容詞化的，而且大多數(shù)是與心理狀態(tài)有聯(lián)系的詞，表示主語所處嚇人的受驚嚇的IwassurprisedtofindmyhBeforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcGivenenoughmoney,I'=IfIamgivenenoughmoney,I'Frightenedbythenoiseoutside,thelittlegirldarednotsleepinher考向四易混易錯點(diǎn)辨析考向四易混易錯點(diǎn)辨析易混易錯點(diǎn)：2)forgetdoing/todo2)forgetdoing/todoforgettodo忘記要去做某事(未做)regretdoing對做過的事遺憾、后悔。(已做)IdontregrettellingherwhatIthought.meantodo打算、想Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnmeandoing意味著Toraisewage(提高工資)meansincreasingpurchasingpower(購買力).can'thelptodo不能幫助做某事13)關(guān)于use的短語：44人寧愿(不)做某事=wouldrather(not)dosth.refertodosth.1ratherthandosth.2寧愿做事情1,而不愿做事情2.do(強(qiáng)調(diào)全過程或經(jīng)常做，注意被動語態(tài))doing(強(qiáng)調(diào)正在做)doh需要(某人)做某事 【答案】carrying【答案】singing5.(2023.湖南常德.統(tǒng)考一模)—Look!There's—Wow!It'smyteacher,M【答案】【答案】performing“Look”可知此處應(yīng)用動詞perform的現(xiàn)在分詞performing來表示正在進(jìn)行的動作，在句中作定語修飾名詞a6.(2023-江蘇無錫·江蘇省錫山高級中學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校?？家荒?Soonashow._(carry)alovelyblackhandbagandaha(leave)thousandsofpeoplehomeless.【詳解】句意：上個月在土耳其發(fā)生的地震是一場真正的災(zāi)難，使成千上萬的人無家可歸。地by.【答案】【答案】singing【詳解】句意：我路過時聽到女孩們在房間里唱歌。根據(jù)hearsb.dosth.(聽到某人做某事),表示過程或經(jīng)里表示正在進(jìn)行。因此用sing的現(xiàn)在分詞singing。故填singing?！驹斀狻烤湟猓寒?dāng)我路過這個社區(qū)時，我看到鄰居們在愉快地聊天。根據(jù)“WhenIpassedbythecommunity”【詳解】句意：連接這兩個城市的高速鐵路在我們的日常(leave)thousandsofpeoplehomeless.【詳解】句意：上個月在美國發(fā)生的龍卷風(fēng)是一場真正的災(zāi)難，使成千上萬的人無家可歸。龍卷風(fēng)導(dǎo)致很13.(2022.江蘇鹽城.統(tǒng)考一模)Look!Thereisawalle只能用非謂語形式：動詞ing形式(主動關(guān)系)或動詞ed形式(被動關(guān)系)。因?yàn)閟omething與visit之間是—Yes.TheschoolbroadcastingstationannouncedthatourschoolhtogoodusetobuynewinstrumentsforA.writtenB.waswritten—Great.ItisthefirstplaneA.developB.developingC.developedA.tocut;closingB.cutting;openA.torepairB.repairedC.repairing【答案】B25.(2023-湖南邵陽-統(tǒng)考一模)—ThereissomethingwrongwiththeTV.A.repairB.repairingC.repairedA.ComparedB.TocompareC.Co可知，此處動詞compare與主語的關(guān)系為被動，應(yīng)使用動詞過去分詞作狀語。故選A。A.made;rememberedB.making;rememberC.making;wasrememberedD.made;torem【詳解】句意：他全身心投入的事業(yè)使他被全世界A.playB.playingC.toplayChineseandanimalloversworryaboutheA.madeB.tomakeA.listenB.listenedC.listensD.liA.singB.singingC.sangA.washingB.towashC.washedA.tosendB.sent動關(guān)系，故選C。A.showB.showingC.toshow【詳解】句意：到目前為止，中國有13個濕地之城，展示了各種各樣的風(fēng)格。A.giveB.givingC.togive閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后按照句子book.“Whydon'tyoutranslateitintoChinese?Itwillbebetterthan39_compIpromisedtodo2,000wordseachday.ButlaterIfoundAftertranslatingonlythreepages,Ialreadylostinterestinthebook.Ilookedatitforalongtime.ButIcouldn'tmakemyselfturnthepages.outsideandplayfootballwithmThewords42bymeagainandagain.Ijustwantedtogiveup.Ifeltasiftwopeoplewerefighting43.mymind.Onesaid,“Dondyou'lldowell!"Butthentheotheronesaid,"Goandplay!Itwillberworktomorrow.”Istoodupandwouldturnoffthecomputer.ButthenIremembered45_myparentshadtoldme,"Whateveryoudo,don'tstophalfway."SoIsat40.A.waitedfor42.A.werecountedd【答案】【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了作者由于在日本生活過而精通日語，答應(yīng)父親翻譯日語書籍為中文，卻不能堅持根據(jù)“Igot…goodopportunity.”可知，此處作者的父親建議把它翻譯成中文，由此可知作者沒有其他事情可做。故40.句意：那2000字還在等著我。現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成過去進(jìn)行時。故選C。41.句意：我真希望我能出去和我的朋友們踢足球!與謂語count之間是被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)“wanted”可知過去時的被動語態(tài)。故選A。選A。themostinteresting最有趣的(最高級);moreinteresting更有趣的(比較級);interesting有趣的。根據(jù)“than”wassenttothehospitalbythebusdriveA.l