高中英語被動語態(tài)講解與練習(xí)(含答案)

PAGEPAGE４高中英語被動語態(tài)總結(jié)一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式

1.被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化

被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式,被動語態(tài)由be＋過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：

1)am/is/are+done(過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時

2）has/havebeendone現(xiàn)在完成時

3）am/is/arebeingdone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

4）was/weredone一般過去時

5）hadbeendone過去完成時

6）was/werebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時

7）shall/willbedone一般將來時

8）should/wouldbedone過去將來時

9）shall/willhavebeendone將來完成時（少用）

10）should/wouldhavebeendone過去將來完成時（少用）

2.被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式

1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞。

例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.

2)有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。

例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改為Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.

3)當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。

例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改為Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.

4）在使役動詞have,make,get以及感官動詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。

例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改為Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.

5)有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞＋介詞”，“動詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。

例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.

3.非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)

v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài))。

例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.

二、如何使用被動語態(tài)

學(xué)習(xí)被動語態(tài)時，不僅要知道被動語態(tài)的各種語法結(jié)構(gòu)，還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動語態(tài)。

1.講話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者(這時可省by短語)。

例Mybikewasstolenlastnight.

2.借助被動的動作突出動作的執(zhí)行者。

例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.

3.為了更好地安排句子。

例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一個主語就夠了）

三、Itissaidthat+從句及其他類似句型

一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句”或“主語＋be＋過去分詞＋todosth.”。有：

Itissaidthat…據(jù)說,Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家認(rèn)為，Itissuggestedthat…據(jù)建議。

例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.（＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.）

四、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義

1.英語中有很多動詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式表達(dá)被動意義,主語通常是物。

例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.

注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。

試比較：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指門本身有毛?。?/p>

Thedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不會有人來鎖門,指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）

2.表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主動形式表示被動意義。

例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?這些報紙是如何引出來的呢？

3.系動詞沒有被動形式,但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。

例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.

五、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義

在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義。

1．在need，want，require,bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。

例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．這房子需要修理。

2．形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。

例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）

3.動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。

例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo與things是動賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)

試比較：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)

4.在某些“形容詞＋不定式”做表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，解析B根據(jù)題意，那對老夫婦是否到國外旅行是將來的動作，應(yīng)使用不定式，故排除掉C、D兩項(xiàng)；又因remains的邏輯主語it是動詞see說表示動作的承受者，即“到國外旅行”這件事，這件事有待于“被決定”，應(yīng)使用動詞不定式的被動形式。

2).Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp___intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.（上海1996）

A.topersuadedB.persuading

C.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded

解析Ccan’thelpdoing“禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顧客應(yīng)是“被勸說”購物的，要用動名詞的被動語態(tài)。

3）.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho___forthespoiledchild.（上海2002）

A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblame

C.istobeblamedD.shouldblame

解析Afeel的賓語從句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，在betodo結(jié)構(gòu)中，在某些場合可用不定式的主動語態(tài)表示被動語態(tài)，如toblame，tolet等。

【強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】

1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．

A．a(chǎn)renotkept；willhavetoB．a(chǎn)renotkept；have

C．donotkeep；willhavetoD．donotkeep；haveto

2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.

A.developedB.havedeveloped

C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped

3.____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．

Yes，italldependsontheweather．

A．I'vebeentoldB．I'vetoldC．I'mtoldD．Itold

4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.

A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted

5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.

A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut

6.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.

A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesigned

C.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned

7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.

A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken

8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.

A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup

B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup

C.havetakenplace;havesetup

D.weretakenplace;weresetup

9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.

A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost

10.Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.

What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?

A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding

11.Doyoulikethematerial?

Yes,it___verysoft.

A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt

12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．

A．writeB．towriteC．tobewrittenD．written

13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．

A．totypeB．typingC．tobetypedD．typed

14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.

A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedoutC.isn’twashedoutD.isn’twashingout

15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.

A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout

16.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.

A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto

17.Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?

Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.

A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread

18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch

19.Thispageneeded___again.

A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked

20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercises

A.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.Teaching

key1--5ACADC6--10BCBDA11--15CBCAD16--20DCCDB被動語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題1.Ourhouse_____,

A.isgettingpaintB.isgettingpaintedC.isgotpaintedD.hasgottopaint

2.HearrivedinBeijing,wherehe_____hisfriend.

A.wasmetbyB.wasmetC.wasmeetingD.metby

3.Thewar_____in1937

A.wasbrokenoutB.hadbeenbrokenoutC.hasbrokenoutD.brokeout

4.Themistakesintheexerciseswill_____theteacher.

A.crossB.becrossingC.becrossedbyD.crossby

5.MybrotherandIhave__________herbirthdayparty.

A.beeninvitedB.beeninvitedforC.invitedtoD.beeninvitedto

6.It_______thisway

A.ishadtodoB.ishadtobedoneC.hadtobedoneD.hastodo

7.It__thisway.

AusedtodoB.usedtobedoneC.isusedtodoD.isusedtodoing

8._____Chaplin.

A.Thechild'snamewascalledB.Thechild'snamecalls

C.ThechildcallsD.Thechildisnamed

9.Thesportsmeeting____.

A.isputoffB.istoputoffC.istobeputoffD.putsoff

10.Maryrealizedshe_________

A.wasmakingfunofB.wasmadefun

C.wasbeingmadefunofD.wasbeingmadefun

11.______tosayathinginthatway

A.ItisconsiderswrongB.Itisconsideredwrong

C.Itisconsideredit'swrongD.Itisconsiedringwrong

12.Heorderedthatthebooks_______atonce.

A.wouldbeprintedB.wouldprintC.beprintedD.print

13.Thestory______inChinA.

A.wastakenplaceB.washappened

C.tookplaceD.hasbeentakenplace

14.Thehouse_____myparents

A.isbelongtoB.belongtoC.belongstoD.isbelongedto

15.He_______byhisteacher.

A.happenedtoseeB.washappenedtosee

C.happenedtobeseenD.washappenedtobeseen

16.Greatchanges_____inourprovince.Manytallbuildings.

A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetup

B.havetakenplace,havebeensetup

C.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetup

D.weretakenplace,weresetup

17.Thehall's____butit'snotyet____withlamps.

A.furnished,finishedB.beenfinished,beenfurnished

C.beingfinished,beingfurnishedD.setup,full

18.Thenewhallisthetallestbuildinginthistown._____fromhere?

A.CanitseeB.CanitbeseenC.CanitseenD.Cansee

19.Assoonaswegottotheairport,wefoundthattheplane_____.

A.hadalreadytakenoffB.alreadytookoff

C.wasalreadytakingoffD.wasalreadytakenoff

20.Someofthehotelsinmyhometown_________.

A.havenowbeenrebuildingB.arenowrebuilding

C.arenowbeingrebuiltD.arerebuiltnow

21.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．

A.arenotkept；willhavetoB.arenotkept；have

C.donotkeep；willhavetoD.donotkeep；haveto

22.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.

A.developedB.havedeveloped

C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped

23.____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．

Yes，italldependsontheweather．

A.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetoldC.I'mtoldD.Itold

24.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.

A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted

25.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfrom

theearthinthenearfuture.

A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut

26.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.

A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned

27.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.

A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken

28.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.

A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup

B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup

C.havetakenplace;havesetup

D.weretakenplace;weresetup

29.Thatsuit__over60dollars.

A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost

30.Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.

What'stheprettysmallhousethat__for?

A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding

31.Doyoulikethematerial?

Yes,it___verysoft.

A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt

32.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．

A.writeB.towriteC.tobewrittenD.written

33.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．

A.totypeB.typingC