高中英語必修二Unit4-知識點講解及答案

第4頁共10頁必修二第四單元Ⅰ.詞匯短語過關1．respondvi.回答，答復；響應，作出反應responsen.回答，回復；反應respondtosb./sth.回答(比answer,replyto正式)respondtosb./sth.(with/bysth.)用……回應某人(事)respondto(疾病、身體的受傷部分)對醫(yī)藥有良好反應responsetosb./sth.(對人/物)的回答/回復/反應inresponseto作為對……的反應[即學即練1](1)Theystillhaven't____________myletter.他們至今仍沒有回我的信。(2)He____________mysuggestion________alaugh/______laughing.他對我的建議報以一笑。(3)Hisillnessdidn't____________treatmentbydrugs.他的疾病對藥物治療沒有反應。(4)Mymotheropenedthedoor____________________theknock,buttherewasnooneoutside.聽到敲門聲后，我媽媽打開了門，但外面一個人都沒有。respondedto,respondedto,with,by,respondto,inresponseto2．certainadj.確定的；無疑的；某(種)(1)作“某(種)”講時，同義于some.但some前不加冠詞。foracertainreason＝forsomereason由于某種原因certainprofessors＝someprofessors某些教授acertainamountoftime相當一段時間(2)作“確信的，有把握的”講時，同義于sure.但是certain的主語既可以是人，也可用于Itiscertainthat...句型，而sure主語只能是人?！癰ecertain/sure＋從句”(人)有把握/確信……(表示主語的信念)becertain/sureof/aboutsth.(人)確信(表示主語的信念)becertain/suretodosth.必定/肯定會做某事(主語常為二、三人稱，表示說話人的信念)“makecertain/sure＋從句”弄清楚/確?！璵akecertain/sureof/aboutsth.把某件事情弄清楚forcertain/sure確定地，確切地(做狀語)Itiscertainthat...一定會……(不能用sure)[即學即練2](1)Therewas_________________inhismanner.他的態(tài)度有點冷淡。(2)Areyou____________________it？你對此有把握嗎？(3)Heis__________________hisduty.他肯定會盡職。(4)_________________hehaswrongedme.我確信他冤枉了我。(5)_________________theirteamwillwinthematch.他們隊肯定會贏得比賽。acertaincoldness,certainabout/of,certaintodo,I’mcertainthat,It’scertainthat3．containvt.包含；容納(＝hold)；抑制(＝control)[即學即練3](1)Hispaper___________nomistakesatall.他的試卷沒有一點錯誤。(2)Orangejuice____________thingswhichhelpkeepyouhealthy.橘汁里含有有益于健康的東西。(3)Thisbottle___________twoglassesofbeer.這個瓶子可容納兩杯啤酒。(4)Hecouldn't____________forjoy.他不勝歡喜。contained,contains,contains,containhimself4．affectvt.影響；感動；(疾病)侵襲begreatly/deeplyaffected很/深受感動beaffectedbyheat/cold中暑/著涼beaffectedwithhighfever發(fā)高燒[即學即練4](1)Theamountofrain______thegrowthofcrops.降雨量直接影響莊稼生長。(2)Oneofherlungs____________alittlesothatshehastorest.她的一葉肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。(3)Theaudience____________________byhisspeech.聽眾被他的演講深深打動了。affects,isaffected,weredeeplyaffected5．appreciatevt.欣賞；感激；喜歡appreciationn.欣賞；感激appreciatesth.(thanksb.)感激某事或某人appreciatedoingsth.感激做某事one/one'sdoingsth.感激某人做某事(1)Thedrownedgirlwasobviously_________________________.很明顯，那個溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。(2)Theoldhouseis_________________collapse.那所老房子有倒塌的危險。(3)Theyweretoldatthehospitalthattheirgrandmotherwas_________________.他們在醫(yī)院得知他們的祖母已經脫離危險了。inimmediatedanger,indangerof,outofdanger拓展：與in/outof搭配的短語inorder有秩序insight看得見introuble在困境中inline成行(隊)inplace適合/當infashion時尚outoforder出故障(機器等工作不正常)outofsight看不見outoftrouble擺脫困境outofline不成一直線outofplace不合適outoffashion過時10．protect...from/against...保護……免受……(的傷害)defend...from/against...保衛(wèi)……以抵制……keepsb.fromdoingstopsb.(from)doingpreventsb.(from)doing阻止某人做[即學即練10](1)Youngplantsshouldbewell______________thecold.幼苗必須被很好地保護以免受凍。(2)Thehen___________itsyoung___________beingattackedbythecat.母雞保衛(wèi)小雞使其免遭貓的襲擊。(3)Everyoneshouldtakeuparmsto__________ourcountryfrominvasion.每個人都應當拿起武器保衛(wèi)我們的國家不受侵犯。(4)Nothingcan______us______realizingourdreams.什么也不能阻止我們實現(xiàn)夢想。protectedfrom,protected,against,defend,stop,from提示：(1)protectagainst和protectfrom意思相似，有時可互換。但是，對于較大的事情，如：敵人的入侵、天災等，常用protectagainst,對于較小的事情常用protectfrom.(2)在protect...from/against...結構中，from和against后面常跟sth.，有時against后跟beingdone來強調動作的被動性。(3)主動句中prevent/stop...from...中的from可省略，在被動句中from不可省略，而keep...from...中的from無論是在主動句還是被動句中都不能省略。11．payattentionto注意Attention,please!請注意！(演講用語)(＝MayIhaveyourattention,please？)attract/catch/draw/getone'sattentionto吸引某人的注意fix/focus/concentrateone'sattentionon將注意力集中于devoteone'sattentionto專心致志于callone'sattentionto喚起某人對……的注意提示：以上短語中的to、on都是介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。[即學即練11](1)She______________________________herappearance.她很注重外表。(2)Agreatdealofattentionhasbeen______________protectingtheenvironment.人們已對保護環(huán)境投入很多精力。paidmuchattentionto,paidto12．comeintobeing出現(xiàn)；形成；產生obeing使形成；使產生forthetimebeing暫時；眼下[即學即練12](1)Wedon'tknowwhentheuniverse________________________.我們不知道宇宙是何時形成的。(2)Suchacustom______________________longago.這種風俗很久以前就有了。cameintobeing,cameintobeing提示：comeintobeing是不及物動詞短語，無被動形式，無進行時。類似短語有：comeintopower當權comeintoeffect生效comeintoaction開始行動comeintooffice就職comeintosight看得見comeintouse開始使用易錯點撥自我完善?誤區(qū)備考1.contain/include(1)contain意為“包含，含有，容納，里面裝有”，指的是包含的全部內容或容量，也可指里面所含的成分。其賓語與主語常是同位關系，不用于進行時態(tài)。(2)include意為“包含；連……在內，計入，算入，包括”，只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分，其后的賓語往往是主語的一部分。常用“including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included”。如：Manypeopleliketennis,includingme/meincluded.許多人喜歡網球，也包括我/我也在內。[應用1]用contain和include的適當形式填空。(1)TheChinesedietisconsideredtobethehealthiestintheworld.It_____________alotoffruitandgreenvegetables.(2)Everyonetookpartinthefightagainsttheflood,_____________oldpeople.(3)The__________can__________100litresofwater.includes,including,container,contain2.affect/effect/influence(1)affect常做及物動詞，“影響，感動，感染”。(2)effect常做名詞，“結果，效果，作用，影響”，常用于詞組：haveaneffecton/uponsb.對……有影響，takeeffect生效，實行，come/gointoeffect開始生效，開始實施。(3)influence可做動詞也可做名詞，表示“影響、感染”的意思時，是指使思想、行為、性質或發(fā)展和成長等發(fā)生變化的影響。它可以指壞的影響，也可以指好的影響，這種影響常常是潛移默化的。[應用2](1)Probablywe______________eachother.(2)To_________apolicyistohavean_________onit.influenced,affect,effect高效作業(yè)自我測評?技能備考Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Thishatwillgivep_____________againstthehotsun.2．Mywalletc______________twohundredyuanandmypassportwaslostwhenIwasshopping.3．MrsBrown'sdogb______themailmanwhenhewasdeliveringnewspapersyesterdayafternoon.4．Bothbeesandbutterfliesbelongtoi__________.5．Themotherisr________herbabyagainstmosquitoes.6．You'dbetter__________(存留)themoneyforfutureneed.7．We'llgo_____________(打獵)tomorrow.8．Wegreatly___________(感謝，感激)yourtimelyhelp.9．Sheturnedher____________(注意力)tonewproblems.10．Thedoglooks__________(兇惡).You'dbetterkeepawayfromit.Ⅱ.單項選擇1．Thedriverwasat______losswhen______wordcamethathewasforbiddentodriveforspeeding.A．a;theB．/;/C．the;theD．a;/2．Itis______thathisEnglishis______perfect.A．sure;veryB．right;ratherC．exact;fairlyD．certain;quite3．Stop______thiskindofsnakes.Theyare______.A．hunting;dyingoutB．tohunt;dyingoutC．hunting;dyingawayD．tohunt;dyingdown4．I'dliketoarrive20minutesearly______Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A．assoonasB．asaresultC．incaseD．sothat5．Areyoudrivingtotheairport,sir?I'dappreciate______ifyoucouldgivemealift.A．thatB．youC．thisD．it6．Moreattentionshouldbe______equipmentinourfactorysothatwecanincreaseourproduction.A．paidtoimprovingB．paidtoimproveC．takentoimproveD．takentoimproving7．－Howmanypassengerswereintheplane?－It______100,20Chinese______.A．contained;includedB．contained;includingC．included;containedD．contained;containing8．Thediseasefailedto______tothenewdrugsthedoctorapplied.A．respondB．turnC．replyD．refer9．Much______bythestoryofCongFei,Iamalsodeterminedtobeavolunteerworker.A．affectedB．appreciatedC．admiredD．effected10．Theremaybekindsofinfectious(傳染的)diseasesinpublicplaces.Youshouldkeepyourchildren______totheplaceswherepeoplearecrowded.A．notgoB．nottogoC．goingD．fromgoing11．Afteraheateddiscussionatthemeeting,anewplancame______being,whichwouldhaveagreateffect______theculturallifeofthepeople.A．into;forB．to;toC．from;atD．into;on12．Nobodyknowsexactlyhowmanyyearsitwillbe______theChinesefootballteamentersthefinalstageoftheWorldCup.A．whenB．sinceC．beforeD．until13．Shewasknocked______byacarandnowwasstill______.A．down;indangerB．off;dangerousC．down;dangerousD．off;indanger14．—Excuseme,whattimeisitnow?—Sorry,mywatch______.It______attheshop.A．isn'tworking;isbeingrepairedB．doesn'twork;isbeingrepairedC．isn'tworking;isrepairedD．doesn'twork;isrepaired15．—Mycarstartedupatlast.—Youshouldhaveitrepaired______it'sworkingnow.A．aslongasB．asthoughC．eventhoughD．incaseprotection,containing,bit,insects,rubbingreserve,hunting,appreciate,