煤與瓦斯突出防治工作的實(shí)踐

CoalOutburstsandOutburstControlinChineseCoalMines:PCGExperience中國(guó)平煤神馬集團(tuán)煤與瓦斯突出防治任務(wù)的實(shí)際Outline平頂山礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出情況CoalOutburstsinPCG平頂山礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警OutburstMonitoring平頂山礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出防治OutburstControlCoalOutburstsinPCG一、平頂山礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出情況Chinaistheworld'smostseriousnationalgasdisaster中國(guó)是世界上瓦斯災(zāi)禍最嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家。國(guó)有重點(diǎn)煤礦48%以上是高瓦斯和瓦斯突出礦井。Heavycasualties,sufferedseriouslosses 傷亡艱苦、損失嚴(yán)重建國(guó)以來(lái)共發(fā)生22起死亡百人以上煤礦事故，其中20起是瓦斯災(zāi)禍?zhǔn)鹿剩劳?331人。2021年，全國(guó)煤礦發(fā)生瓦斯事故119起、死亡533人。2021年全國(guó)煤礦10人以上事故統(tǒng)計(jì)中國(guó)煤與瓦斯突出概略CoalOutburstsinChina中國(guó)平煤神馬集團(tuán)目前共有23個(gè)原煤消費(fèi)單位，36對(duì)礦井(不包括整合小煤礦)。其中突出礦井16對(duì)，煤與瓦斯突出礦井核定產(chǎn)能3662萬(wàn)噸/年，占全公司產(chǎn)能〔5008萬(wàn)噸/年〕的73.1%。PCGhas36coalmineswithoverallannualcoalproductioncapacity50milliontons.Outofour36coalmines,thereare16coaloutburstmineswithcoalproductioncapacity36.62milliontons/year,.1、礦區(qū)根本情況Introduction中國(guó)平煤神馬集團(tuán)所開采的突出煤層普遍松軟、頂板鞏固，煤層浸透率為0.0001～0.0061mD，屬難以抽采煤層。目前，主力消費(fèi)礦井均已進(jìn)入深部開采，最大開采深度達(dá)1100m以上，消費(fèi)區(qū)域煤層最大瓦斯含量達(dá)30.0m3/t，最大瓦斯壓力達(dá)6.60MPa，特別是禹州的突出礦井和平頂山礦區(qū)東部的八礦、十礦、十二礦、十三礦、平寶公司，瓦斯壓力與地應(yīng)力相互耦合，嚴(yán)重要挾著煤礦的平安消費(fèi)。Permeabilityislow,between0.0001-0.0061mD.Gaspressureishighwithmaximumpressure6.6MPa.Gascontentishighwithmaximumvalue30m3/t.Coaloutburstpossibilityislarge.Atthemoment,mostminingoperationsareunder800mdeep.Someofminesareoperatedwithdepthat1100m.1、礦區(qū)根本情況Introduction礦別Mines突出次數(shù)Numberoftimes突出煤量Amountofcoal(t)突出瓦斯量Amountofgas(m3)平均突出煤量Average

amountofcoal(t)平均突出瓦斯量Averageamountofgas(m3)占次數(shù)比例Proportion(%)一礦No.11242024200.64二礦No.213929003929000.64四礦No.4133001185723.08912.18.33五礦No.51339022238301710.68.33六礦No.6362175520.75851.92八礦No.840395725160298.96290.125.64十礦No.1050471416927594.32285.532.05十二礦No.1227173712687464.34699.017.31十三礦No.1341941345524485.3863812.56首山一礦SYNo.114030004030000.64白廟礦BM151400514000.64平禹四礦PYNo.42510241000025512050001.28合計(jì)Total156182891346845117.28633.6/2、礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出特點(diǎn)及規(guī)律Characteristic自1984年發(fā)生第一次煤與瓦斯突出以來(lái)，累計(jì)發(fā)生突出156次,平均煤量117.2t/次，平均瓦斯量8633.6m3/次。Since1984,occurredthefirstcoalandgasoutburst.Accumulativecoalandgasoutburst156times.Theaverageamountofcoal117.2tandgas8633.6m3.礦井突出次數(shù)對(duì)比Numberofoutburstindifferentmines礦井突出煤量與突出瓦斯量對(duì)比Outburstamountofcoalandgasindifferentmines突出類型Outbursttypes突出與采掘工藝關(guān)系Outburstandminingtechnology突出與構(gòu)造關(guān)系Outburstandtectonic2、礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出特點(diǎn)及規(guī)律Characteristic不同煤層煤與瓦斯突出強(qiáng)度不同。其中己組煤層突出次數(shù)最多、突出煤量和瓦斯涌出量最大，戊組次之，丁組最小。Differentcoalseamsofvaryingintensityofcoalandgasoutburst.WhichgroupBhasmostnumberofoutburst,andthelargestamountofcoalandgas,followedbygroupC,groupDMin.煤層Coalseam次數(shù)Numberoftimes平均突出煤量Averageamountofcoal（t）最大突出煤量Largestamountofcoal（t）平均突出

瓦斯量Averageamountofgas（m3）丁組D4012.748567.8戊組C4147.75512860.3己組B74144.32555107102、礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出特點(diǎn)及規(guī)律DCBOutburstMonitoring二、平頂山礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)采動(dòng)應(yīng)力外界擾動(dòng)系統(tǒng)失穩(wěn)能量釋放非穩(wěn)定瓦斯積聚裂痕構(gòu)成沖擊傾向性開采深度瓦斯構(gòu)造煤個(gè)性要素構(gòu)造構(gòu)造應(yīng)力能量共性要素非穩(wěn)定區(qū)域穩(wěn)定區(qū)域Allkindsofdynamicdisastershaveunifiedpowersource,themechanicalprocessthatdynamicdisastersoccurfrombirthisverycomplex.Oncewemasterthemainfactorsandtheirmutualcouplingrelationship,itispossibletorevealthedeepminedynamicdisastersmechanism.1、動(dòng)力災(zāi)禍多要素耦合一致災(zāi)變機(jī)理Multi-factorsCouplingUnifiedDisasterMechanismofDynamicDisasters礦井各類動(dòng)力災(zāi)禍都具有一致的動(dòng)力源，動(dòng)力災(zāi)禍從孕育到發(fā)生的力學(xué)過(guò)程非常復(fù)雜，遭到多種要素的影響，只需掌握了主要影響要素及其相互耦合關(guān)系，就有能夠提示深部動(dòng)力災(zāi)禍的災(zāi)變機(jī)理。在此根底上我們提出了以平頂山東三礦為實(shí)驗(yàn)礦井構(gòu)建一致預(yù)測(cè)與防治技術(shù)體系的總體思緒.Onthisbasis,weproposeeastthreemineforthetrialtobuildanunifiedsystemofpredictionandpreventiontechnology.實(shí)施一致防治實(shí)現(xiàn)一致監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警實(shí)行一致預(yù)測(cè)建立一致實(shí)際實(shí)驗(yàn)礦井八礦十礦十二礦動(dòng)力災(zāi)禍2、動(dòng)力災(zāi)禍一致防治技術(shù)體系Dynamicdisastersunifiedpreventiontechnologysystem八礦戊9-10煤層動(dòng)力災(zāi)禍分級(jí)預(yù)測(cè)圖DynamicdisasterspredictionmapofC9-10inMineNo.8等級(jí)Ⅰ：按作業(yè)規(guī)程進(jìn)展。等級(jí)Ⅱ：?jiǎn)我徊糠纸馕?，加?qiáng)檢測(cè)。等級(jí)Ⅲ：部分解危，加強(qiáng)檢測(cè)。等級(jí)Ⅳ：綜合解危，加強(qiáng)檢測(cè)。等級(jí)Ⅴ：綜合解危，加強(qiáng)檢測(cè)，效果檢驗(yàn)。3、動(dòng)力災(zāi)禍一致預(yù)測(cè)Dynamicdisastersunifiedprediction如何實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)合動(dòng)力災(zāi)禍監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警？Howtomonitoring?應(yīng)力監(jiān)測(cè)Stressmonitoring一致監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警unifiedmonitoring基于一致機(jī)理Basedontheunifiedtheory電荷法TheElectricChargeMethod鉆屑溫度法TheCuttingsTemperatureMethod4、動(dòng)力災(zāi)禍一致監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警Dynamicdisastersunifiedmonitoring5、煤與瓦斯突出預(yù)測(cè)Outburstprediction區(qū)域突出危險(xiǎn)性預(yù)測(cè)、區(qū)域防突措施、區(qū)域措施效果檢驗(yàn)、區(qū)域驗(yàn)證Regionaloutburstprediction,regionaloutburstpreventionmeasures,regionaltesttheeffectivenessofmeasures,regionalverification任務(wù)面突出危險(xiǎn)性預(yù)測(cè)、任務(wù)面防突措施、任務(wù)面措施效果檢驗(yàn)、平安防護(hù)措施Workfaceoutburstprediction,workfaceoutburstpreventionmeasures,workfacetesttheeffectivenessofmeasures,securitymeasures兩個(gè)“四位一體〞綜合防突措施Twoof"fourinone“integratedoutburstcontrolmeasures瓦斯壓力P/MpaGaspressure瓦斯含量W/(m3/t)Gascontent區(qū)域類別Typeofarea<0.74<8無(wú)突出危險(xiǎn)區(qū)Nodangerous除上述情況以外的其他情況Inadditiontothecaseotherthantheabove突出危險(xiǎn)區(qū)Dangerous根據(jù)煤層瓦斯壓力或瓦斯含量進(jìn)展區(qū)域預(yù)測(cè)的臨界值Criticalvalueforregionalforecastaccordingtogaspressureorgascontent5、煤與瓦斯突出預(yù)測(cè)Outburstprediction綜合指標(biāo)CompositeindicatorD綜合指標(biāo)CompositeindicatorK無(wú)煙煤Anthracite其他煤種Othercoaltypes0.252015鉆孔瓦斯涌出初速度q/(L/min)initialvelocityofgasemissionfromdrilling鉆屑量SDrillcuttingsKg/mL/m565.4復(fù)合目的法預(yù)測(cè)煤巷掘進(jìn)任務(wù)面突出危險(xiǎn)性的參考臨界值Referencecriticalvalueofcompositeindexmethodpredictedoutburstincoalroaddrivingface石門揭煤任務(wù)面突出危險(xiǎn)性預(yù)測(cè)綜合目的D、K參考臨界值CompositeindicatorD,Kreferencecriticalvalueforoutburstpredictionofrockcross-cuttingtouncovercoal5、煤與瓦斯突出預(yù)測(cè)OutburstpredictionOutburstControl三、平頂山礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出防治具備維護(hù)層開采條件的煤層首先開采維護(hù)層，維護(hù)層開采分為煤組間維護(hù)和煤組內(nèi)維護(hù)。Theprotectiveminingisdividedintobetweenandwithincoalgroupprotection.煤組間維護(hù)：一礦、四礦、六礦、十礦開采戊組煤層維護(hù)丁組煤層，十礦三程度、首山一礦開展己組煤層維護(hù)戊組煤層的實(shí)驗(yàn)研討。MiningGroupCprotectGroupDinmineNo.1,No.4,No.6,No.10,MiningGroupBprotectGroupCinmineNo.10,SYNo.1.〔1〕具備維護(hù)層開采條件的煤層Coalseamwithprotectionseam煤組內(nèi)維護(hù)：十二礦三程度開采己14煤層維護(hù)己15煤層；四礦、六礦三程度、八礦二程度、十礦開采戊8煤層維護(hù)戊9-10煤層。MiningB14protectB15inmineNo.12,MiningGroupC8protectGroupC9-10inmineNo.4,No.6,No.8,No.10.1、確定瓦斯區(qū)域防治技術(shù)道路Technicalroutes不具備維護(hù)層開采條件的突出煤層實(shí)行分級(jí)治理：Outburstcoalseamwithoutprotectionseamadoptingaclassificationcontrol①瓦斯壓力小于1.5MPa且瓦斯含量小于10m3/t的弱突出煤層，采用區(qū)段遞進(jìn)式預(yù)抽煤層瓦斯；Weakoutburstcoalseamwithgaspressurelessthan1.5MPaandgascontentlessthan10m3/t,usingprogressivesectionspre-drainagecoalseamgas〔2〕不具備維護(hù)層開采條件的煤層Coalseamwithoutprotectionseam1、確定瓦斯區(qū)域防治技術(shù)道路Technicalroutes②瓦斯壓力到達(dá)1.5MPa或瓦斯含量到達(dá)10m3/t的區(qū)域，煤巷掘進(jìn)前，必需施工低〔高〕位預(yù)抽巷，預(yù)抽煤巷條帶煤層瓦斯；Coalseamwithgaspressureto1.5MPaorgascontentto10m3/t,shouldconstructlow(high)pre-drainagelanebeforeexcavatingcoallane,stripedpre-drainagecoalseamgas;1、確定瓦斯區(qū)域防治技術(shù)道路Technicalroutes〔2〕不具備維護(hù)層開采條件的煤層Coalseamwithoutprotectionseam③瓦斯壓力到達(dá)2.0MPa的區(qū)域，煤巷掘進(jìn)前，除施工低〔高〕位預(yù)抽巷外，應(yīng)采用水力沖孔、水力割縫、松動(dòng)爆破等卸壓增透措施，提高瓦斯防治效果。Coalseamwithgaspressureto2.0MPa,beforeexcavatingcoallane,besidesconstructlow(high)pre-drainagelane,andShouldadoptreliefmeasures,suchashydraulicpunching,hydrauliccuttingseam,looseblasting,toimprovethegascontroleffect.1、確定瓦斯區(qū)域防治技術(shù)道路Technicalroutes〔2〕不具備維護(hù)層開采條件的煤層Coalseamwithoutprotectionseam2、積極探求新技術(shù)和先進(jìn)閱歷，為瓦斯防治提供技術(shù)支撐針對(duì)目前瓦斯防治方面存在的難題，結(jié)合國(guó)家重點(diǎn)根底研討方案〔973工程〕以及“十二五〞科技支撐方案，重點(diǎn)圍繞極薄煤層維護(hù)層開采、低透煤層增透、瓦斯抽采鉆孔封孔和聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)進(jìn)展研討，有針對(duì)性的開展了“深部煤炭開發(fā)中煤與瓦斯共采實(shí)際〞與“深部礦井煤與瓦斯突出防治關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及示范〞研討與運(yùn)用，構(gòu)成了一批有效的單一突出煤層瓦斯防治技術(shù)體系與配套配備，進(jìn)一步提高了中國(guó)平煤神馬集團(tuán)瓦斯防治技術(shù)程度。Forthecurrentgascontrolproblems,combinedwiththeNationalKeyBasicResearchProgram(973Program)andthe"TwelfthFive"TechnologySupportProgram,focusonthethinprotectivecoalseammining,lowpermeabilitycoalseamimprovepermeability,gasdrainagedrillingsealingandnetworkingtechnologyresearch,targetedlaunchedthe"coalandgasextractiontheoryinthedeepcoaldevelopment"and"deepminecoalandgasoutburstpreventionkeytechnologiesanddemonstration"researchandapplication,furtherimproveChinaPingmeiShenmaGroupgascontroltechnology.普通鉆孔水力沖孔普通鉆孔水力沖孔水力沖孔與普通穿層鉆孔相比，擾動(dòng)煤體體積提高6~9倍，影響煤體外表積提高5~6倍，普通抽放孔的最大起始流量為11L/min，而沖孔后的抽放孔最大起始流量為78L/min，是普通抽放孔的7倍。Hydraulicpunchingcomparedwiththeordinarycrossingdrilling,disturbanceofcoalvolumeincreasedby6to9times,theimpactofcoalsurfaceareaincreasedby5to6times,themaximumnormaldrainagedrillinginitialflowof11L/min,butafterpunchingthemaximuminitialflowofdrainagedrilling78L/min,it’sseventimesthenormaldrainagedrilling.十二礦己15-17200低位巷穿層鉆孔lowlanecrossing-boreholeinB15-17200mineNo.122.1高壓水力沖孔技術(shù)High-pressurehydraulicpunching該技術(shù)利用高壓脈沖水射流振蕩特性、動(dòng)態(tài)沖擊特性及破碎煤巖特性，在高低位抽放巷、煤巷掘進(jìn)、石門揭煤等瓦斯預(yù)抽時(shí)對(duì)煤層進(jìn)展割縫，到達(dá)高效抽采的目的。Thetechnologyuseshigh-pressurewaterjetpulseoscillationcharacteristics,dynamicimpactpropertiesandcharacteristicsofcoalandrockcrushing,Crosscutcoalseaminthehighorlowgasdrainagelane,achieveefficientdrainagepurposes.2.2高壓脈沖水射流定向卸壓增透Pulsedwaterjetdirectedrelief2.3地面井組抽采瓦斯Groundgasdrainagewellsgroup目前，集團(tuán)公司大力開展地面抽采井“一井三用〞技術(shù)，即采前預(yù)抽、采動(dòng)抽采、采空區(qū)抽采，使突出煤層瓦斯含量和壓力分別降低到8m3/t和0.74Mpa以下，實(shí)現(xiàn)平安回采。Currently,wedevelopgroundextractionwells,“onewellwiththreefunction"technology.Gasextractionmethodfromasingleundergroundgasdrainage,developtogroundwells,undergroundcrossingdrilling,andcoalseamdrilling,3-Dintegratedgasextractionmethod.實(shí)驗(yàn)井組位于首山一礦己15-17-12081任務(wù)面西部。GroupoftestwellslocatedinwestofworkingfaceB15-17-12081.高聚能等離子脈沖技術(shù)又稱電爆震技術(shù)。脈